Variations Archives - Scent of Eros

Caption: Contemporary analyses of cell metabolism have called out three metabolites: ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA, as sentinel molecules whose accumulation represent much of the purpose of the catabolic arms of metabolism and then drive many anabolic pathways. Such analyses largely leave out how and why ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA (Figure 1) at the molecular level play such central roles. Yet, without those insights into why cells accumulate them and how the enabling properties of these key metabolites power much of cell metabolism, the underlying molecular logic remains mysterious. Four other metabolites, S-adenosylmethionine, carbamoyl phosphate, UDP-glucose, and Δ2-isopentenyl-PP play similar roles in using group transfer chemistry to drive otherwise unfavorable biosynthetic equilibria. This review provides the underlying chemical logic to remind how these seven key molecules function as mobile packets of cellular currencies for phosphoryl transfers (ATP), acyl transfers (acetyl-CoA, carbamoyl-P), methyl transfers (SAM), prenyl transfers (IPP), glucosyl transfers (UDP-glucose), and electron and ADP-ribosyl transfers (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+) to drive metabolic transformations in and across most primary pathways. The eighth key metabolite is molecular oxygen (O2), thermodynamically activated for reduction by one electron path, leaving it kinetically stable to the vast majority of organic cellular metabolites

Kohl's Laws of Biology (codon-optimality revisited)

May 11, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations What's in the News

Summary: Kohl’s Laws help to explain what was missing from Darwin’s ‘conditions of life.’ Darwin knew nothing about genetics, which means he knew nothing about the epigenetic effects of food odors or pheromones.
Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period 5/7/18

We provide evidence for the creation of HBV genotype A via recombination, and for a long-term association of modern HBV genotypes with humans, including the discovery of a human genotype that is now extinct. These data expose a complexity of HBV evolution that is not evident when considering modern sequences alone.

The complexity of biophysically constrained viral latency in all living genera refutes all pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwinian theorists and Big Bang cosmologists.
See for example: Who were the Neanderthals? 5/5/18

Current evidence from both fossils and DNA suggests that Neanderthal and modern human lineages separated at least 500,000 years ago. Some genetic calibrations place their divergence at about 650,000 years ago.

No serious scientists believe in the nonsense that links genetic calibrations to “divergence” at about 650,000 years ago.
See for comparison: Efficient coding explains the universal law of generalization in human perception 5/11/18
Everything known to serious scientists about natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality and RNA-mediated DNA repair is placed back into the context of evolution, which is subject to constraints (finding food and reproduction).
See also: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception (2017)
The creation of visual perception starts with the energy-dependent creation of enzymes.

High-resolution cryo-EM analysis of the yeast ATP synthase in a lipid membrane 5/11/18

…the enzyme transduces the energy of a proton gradient, generated by the electron transport chain, into the major energy currency of the cell, ATP.

The quantized energy-dependent creation of the enzyme was linked to the creation of ATP and RNA
Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

Natural selection interacts with recombination to shape the evolution of hybrid genomes 5/11/18

Hybridization is an important force in evolution.

That is a ridiculous assumption. Quantized energy is an important force in ecological adaptation. That is a fact.

Metabolic regulation of transcription through compartmentalized NAD⁺ biosynthesis 5/11/18

Competition between the NAD+ precursors—nuclear NMNAT-1 and cytosolic NMNAT-2…, regulates the balance between nuclear NAD+ synthesis for adipogenic gene regulation and cytosolic NAD+ synthesis used in metabolism.

Every aspect of what is currently know about life on Earth begins with the creation of quantized energy.
Energy efficiency drives the global seasonal distribution of birds 5/7/18
Reported as: A Thermodynamic Answer to Why Birds Migrate 5/7/18

…research makes a forceful argument that energy supply and demand is a driving ecological principle shaping the global structure of biodiversity.”

In this 1996 review, we linked the sex differences in yeasts to sex differences in humans via alternative splicings of pre-mRNAs, which are now called microRNAs. From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

I linked quantized energy from subatomic particles to all biodiversity via the creation of microRNAs in:
2014 Preprint: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
2018 Publication: Nutrient-dependent Pheromone-Controlled Ecological Adaptations: From Angstroms to Ecosystems

Biological Laws

Biophysical constraints and biological laws appear to link ecological variation to ecological adaptations via conserved molecular mechanisms in all species. For example, nutrient-dependent ecological niche construction leads to pheromone-controlled social niche construction via the nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. The nutrient-dependent origin of amino acid substitutions in viruses [149-152], which also are manifested in plant and animal interactions, exemplifies a continuum of biological plausibility and ecological validity in the context of Laws of Biology. These Laws of Biology include Kohl’s Laws of Biology, which are so named because the surname of the first author or sole author on each of 7 peer-reviewed publications in the paragraph below is Kohl. The Kohls did not create the Laws of Biology; they merely independently incorporated what is known about them into what appears to be a cohesive series of published works.

Kohl’s Laws of Biology
Life is nutrient-dependent. That is a Biological Law. The ecological origin of all biological laws is apparent 1) in the context of systems biology [87]; 2) in the context of the metabolism of nutrients by microbes [153]; and 3) in the context of how the metabolism of nutrients results in species-specific pheromones that control the physiology of reproduction [154]. Taken together, the systems biology of nutrient metabolism to species-specific pheromones, which control the physiology of reproduction, can be expressed in a summary of Kohl’s Laws of Biology: 1) Life is nutrient-dependent.

See for review [27,155]. The physiology of reproduction is pheromone-controlled. See for review [26]. In the context of nutrient-dependent epigenetically-effected human reproduction, it is clearer that the epigenetic effects of human pheromones integrate neuroendocrinology and behavior [100], which includes the neuroendocrinology of mammalian behavior associated with the development of sexual preferences [156].

Kohl’s Laws help to explain what was missing from Darwin’s ‘conditions of life.’ Darwin knew nothing about genetics, which means he knew nothing about the epigenetic effects of food odors or pheromones.

Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled feedback loops

May 3, 2018

Summary: The link from positive selection to one food energy-dependent base pair change and fixation of the mouse-model-to-human-specific EDAR V370A allele in populations on different continents attests to sympatric speciation at every level of examination that refutes the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian mutation-driven evolution.

Reported on 5/3/18 as: SWAT team of immune cells found in mother’s milk

“There is a feedback loop,” says Yu. It’s known that some immune cells like leucocytes, another white blood cell that fights infection, increase in the milk in response to an infection in the baby.

…the largest immune cell population in breast milk is macrophages, which ILCs are known to direct. Macrophages, which literally means ‘big eaters,” are the largest of the white blood cells and much-better studied than ILCs. They are known for their ability to envelop unwanted items like bacteria, viruses…

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk 4/23/18

The frequency of the human-specific EDAR V370A allele appears to be uniquely elevated in North and East Asian and New World populations due to a bout of positive selection likely to have occurred circa 20,000 y ago. The dental pleiotropic effects of this allele suggest an even higher occurrence among indigenous people in the Western Hemisphere before European colonization. We hypothesize that selection on EDAR V370A occurred in the Beringian refugium because it increases mammary ductal branching, and thereby may amplify the transfer of critical nutrients in vitamin D-deficient conditions to infants via mothers’ milk. This hypothesized selective context for EDAR V370A was likely intertwined with selection on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster because it is known to modulate lipid profiles transmitted to milk from a vitamin D-rich diet high in omega-3 fatty acids.

Reported as: Gene linked to breastfeeding may have boosted survival of earliest Americans (4/23/18)

…they carried a genetic mutation—revealed in ancient teeth—that boosted the development of milk ducts in women’s breasts, which may have helped nursing mothers pass more nutrients to their infants.

The obvious link from infant nutrition to healthy longevity was reported in the context of a ridiculous gene-centric theory of species survival. Gene-centric theories are all that pseudoscientists have left. They use them to hold back the scientific progress made by serious scientists like those who reported this:
Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction (2005)

These results may reflect a strategy wherein GnRH neurons can modify diverse functions in order to coordinate the internal state of the animal and its behavior with reproduction in order to optimize reproductive success.

EDAR V370A and sympatric speciation

May 3, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Nick Lane and others like him refuse to reappraise their human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma. All serious scientists know where the energy for recombination comes from. But, in his latest video clip, he touts the same unsubstantiated theoretical pseudoscientific nonsense.

See the: Aeon Video:

Life on earth – from mushrooms to humans and everything in between – seems enormously diverse. At the cellular level, however, almost all complex lifeforms are surprisingly similar. Why life is this way, though, remains mysterious. In this Aeon interview, the UK biochemist and author Nick Lane discusses his research on the connection between energy and genes, which, he hypothesises, made possible the radical transformation from single-celled organisms to complex life about 4 billion years ago.

See for comparison: Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma

I’ve asked the authors: Are you prepared to address the comments that you might receive from people like Nick Lane in the context of “peer review?” How will you respond to those who do not accept the fact that the creation of ATP synthase and the creation of ATP must be linked to the creation of RNA and biophysically constrained viral latency in the context of SNPs and fixation of amino acid substitutions? What can be done when biologically uninformed theorists continue to link anything except biophysically constrained viral latency to all biodiversity?

I ask because there are still too many examples of human idiocy that are being considered outside the context of facts about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.

See: Modeling Recent Human Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR Variant

See the claims about the selection of the EDAR variant placed back into the context of evolution.

Field-deployable viral diagnostics using CRISPR-Cas13

…we report the rapid (<1 week) design and testing of instrument-free assays to detect clinically relevant viral single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

The relevant energy-dependent single-nucleotide polymorphisms clearly protect all living genera from the clinically relevant viral single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The viral single-nucleotide polymorphisms link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology via what is known to all serious scientists about the energy-dependent creation of the innate immune system in species from bacteria to humans.

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk

If any experimental evidence of biophysically constrained viral latency supported the claim about positive selection 20,000 y ago, it could be linked to Nick Lane’s claims about how chimeras and electricity allowed a sterile planet to give way to complex life 4 billion years ago. Since there is no experimental evidence to support his ridiculous theories, intelligent people may want to continue to link environmental selection from food selection to the physiology of reproduction and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions such as V370A that stabilize the organized genomes of all species on Earth.

Ecological Adaptations vs the Randomness of Evolution (2)

May 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations

Summary: See for comparison: Make ‘Em Resistant to Viruses

In the new proposal — which Science says was released in advance of a meeting today — GP-write leaders say “ultrasafe” cells could be developed by making some 400,000 changes to the human genome.

A Fast One–Step Digestion of DNA or RNA for Global Detection and Characterization of Nucleotide Modifications (link opens pdf)
Product information:

The Nucleoside Digestion Mix is an optimized mixture of enzymes that provides a convenient one-step method to generate single nucleosides from DNA or RNA for quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), eliminating the need for sequential multi-step, time-consuming digestion protocols.

Digests both DNA and RNA to single nucleosides

A source of anti-entropic energy is required to create nucleosides and nucleotides. The quantized energy as information was available to modify nucleotides after the creation of sunlight.
See also: Nucleoside vs. Nucleotide

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base covalently attached to a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) but without the phosphate group. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and one to three phosphate groups.

Nucleoside = Sugar + Base
Nucleotide = Sugar + Base + Phosphate

The link from the”optimized mixture of enzymes” to Digestion of DNA or RNA links the quantification of epigenetic modifications and the activity of nucleic acid modifying enzymes from energy-dependent microRNA biogenesis to the functional structure of cellular RNA, which has been linked to viral latency and ecological adaptations in all living genera.
The facts about the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and ecological adaptations have been placed into the context of High-Resolution Epigenomic Atlas of Human Embryonic Craniofacial Development.

These data are provided in easily accessible formats for both craniofacial researchers and clinicians to aid future experimental design and interpretation of noncoding variation in those affected by craniofacial abnormalities.

The facts were reported in Blueprint for the skull: A search for cleft palate’s cause reveals a map of the facial genome

He studies the human genome, but not the genes that tell the body what proteins to make. Instead, he focuses on regulators, parts of the DNA that tell genes when and where to act. These regulators, also known as enhancers, tend to be linked to specific parts of the body.

microRNA cleft palate
1 of 33: A functional polymorphism in the pre-miR-146a gene is associated with the risk of nonsyndromic orofacial cleft.
enhancer cleft palate
1 of 35 Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis During Palatal Fusion Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Enhancer Methylation Regulating Epithelial Mesenchyme Transformation.
The link from the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs to food energy-dependent genome-wide RNA-directed DNA methylation is perfectly clear until the term enhancer is used in the context of a potential mechanism regulating epithelial mesenchyme transformation.
The conserved molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent epigenetically-effected cell type differentiation are missing and the substitution of a potential mechanism of methylation can be used to support neo-Darwinian nonsense about mutation-driven evolution.
Even after pseudoscientists admit that their theories of craniofacial development are ridiculous, since development is energy-dependent and epigenetically effected, they try to place their findings back into the context of gene-centric theories.
Alternatively, they must know that the virus-driven theft of quantized energy links Zika virus-damaged DNA to craniofacial development with the most severe effects on the size of the brain and skull.
See also: Incomplete host immunity favors the evolution of virulence in an emergent pathogen

Partially protective vaccination can sometimes select for increasingly virulent pathogens.

Reported as: In nature, an imperfect immune system drives the evolution of deadly pathogens

As annual flu shot patrons know, immune systems are not perfect and must be constantly reinforced to protect against rapidly evolving pathogens.

Also:

…birds that eat at feeders are more likely to be infected with the disease, which causes red, swollen eyes and often blindness that results in death.

The link from what the birds and the bees eat to healthy longevity was detailed in my 2013 refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense.

Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model

Scientific creationists in the US have started to tout my model without attribution.
See: Are Evolution and Adaptation the Same?

Mechanisms of adaptation are made up of complex integrated components, including environmental sensors, signaling pathways, feedback and feed-forward loops, and information control systems in the creature’s DNA.

The sentinel discovery that prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) have heritable adaptive immunity mediated through CRISPR and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins has led to transformative advances in molecular biology, most notably in gene editing (2).

The discovery of heritable adaptive immunity ended the pseudoscientific nonsense about mutation-driven evolution. It linked vaccinations and gene editing to unpredictable outcomes in species from microbes to humans by altering the perfection of our innate immune system. The alterations link the virus-driven degradation of our messenger RNA to all pathology.
But see: Cytosis for ages 10+

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

See for comparison: Make ‘Em Resistant to Viruses

In the new proposal — which Science says was released in advance of a meeting today — GP-write leaders say “ultrasafe” cells could be developed by making some 400,000 changes to the human genome.

Ecological Adaptations vs the Randomness of Evolution

May 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms RNA Directed RNA editing RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Summary: Ecological variation is linked to ecological adaptations in all living genera via the creation of microRNAs and the sense of smell.

Odor Perception on the Two Sides of the Brain: Consistency Despite Randomness

Highlights

•A random model predicts observed preservation of correlations in piriform responses
•The model supports consistent agreement about odor quality among individuals

The model fails to explain how the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs links pattern recognition to the creation of pre-mRNAs and biophysically constrained viral latency. Everything required for our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space-time continuum has been linked to the RNA-mediated transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of conserved molecular mechanisms.

See: Minding your caps and tails

A nascent mRNA, synthesized in the nucleus, undergoes diﬀerent modifcations before it can be translated into proteins in the cytoplasm. For a mRNA to be functional, it requires modifed 5´ and 3´ ends and a coding region (i.e., an open reading frame (ORF) encoding for the protein of interest) ﬂanked by the untranslated regions (UTRs). The nascent mRNA (premRNA) undergoes two signifcant modifcations in addition to splicing.

Simply put, nascent mRNAs do not exist outside the context of their energy-dependent creation.

Mathematical models explain nothing when they fail to link the anti-entropic virucidal of sunlight to energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency.

Linda Buck shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with Richard Axel, who is a co-author of the article about consistency despite randomness. She is scheduled to present during Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018

For comparison, Richard Axel appears to have been stuck with ridiculous theories and mathematical models.

Evolutionists believe adaptable traits arose through the progressive accumulation of random genetic mutations that somehow provided an advantage to living things facing specific environmental challenges. But not only are nearly all mutations either harmful or at best neutral, it’s impossible to achieve a functioning system of many orchestrated components one step at a time. All-or-nothing systems cannot evolve bit by bit.

Ecological variation is linked to ecological adaptations in all living genera via the creation of microRNAs and the sense of smell.

See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

See also: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements.

The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection. This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA.

Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes

Virus-driven cystinosis

May 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations base editing Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

A friend asked about nephropathic cystinosis, which is a disease caused by the virus-driven theft of quantized energy. All serious scientists have linked viruses from the degradation of messenger RNA to mutations and all pathology.

Nephropathic cystinosis (NC) is the most frequent cause of Fanconi syndrome (FS) in young children. It will be linked from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to azoospermia and/or progressive neuromuscular degeneration via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation compared to mechanisms that link viruses to mitochondrial degeneration.

See: Impact of atypical mitochondrial cyclic-AMP level in nephropathic cystinosis

Treatment with the non-hydrolysable cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP restored mitochondrial potential and corrected mitochondria morphology. Treatment with cysteamine, which reduces the intra-lysosomal cystine, was able to restore mitochondrial cAMP levels, as well as most other abnormal mitochondrial findings.

The link to treatment of the atypical mitochondrial cyclic-AMP level has not yet been detailed because biologically uninformed science idiots have linked mutations to evolution. But see: Combating Evolution to Fight Disease and the preprint: Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma

The facts about human mitochondrial DNA recombination, which link quantized energy and supercoiled DNA to viral latency, played a significant role in North Korea’s denuclearization. But that fact may not be accepted until the article on human mitochondrial DNA recombination is published in a peer-reviewed journal.

It will then take several more years for medical practitioners to learn how to effectively treat all diseases with food energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance.

See for details: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference

Until all pseudoscientists accept the facts, there will be many others who try to profit from misinformation or from partial information about virus-driven pathology. Most people will not read my reviews and journal articles like this: MicroRNA Regulation of RNA Virus Replication and Pathogenesis

Instead, most are willing to accept the claims of others who have “blown the whistle” on vaccines more than two decades after I first published this review of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in a peer-reviewed journal. From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

See: Doctor Blows Whistle on Flu Shot: ‘It’s Designed to Spread Cancer’

Treague confirmed that this year’s flu strain, that has left thousands of citizens dead, was caused by the vaccines itself, saying: “I believe that the low effective rate of the vaccine this year is due to the mutations that the virus made in the processing of the vaccine itself.

Claims that viruses make mutations are the claims of fools who do not know that the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA has been linked from mutations to all pathology in more than 72,000 published works.

See: microRNA

Environmental selection is natural selection (2)

April 26, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations base editing biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

I believe that if you put enough biologically uniformed theorists in the same room, they will invent more theories to support the pseudoscientific nonsense they have touted in the past. See for example:

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk

Acknowledgments

The synthesis presented here is a product of the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s 2017 annual meeting, as the ideas came together in the session entitled “Beringia and the Dispersal of Modern Humans to the Americas.”

Every aspect of every level of biophysically constrained food energy-dependent biologically-based cause and effect is placed back into the context of a ridiculous theory of human migration and evolution. The theory accurately attests to the link from one food energy-dependent base pair change to biodiversity in human populations via fixation of one amino acid substitution. But then, something goes horribly wrong.

The theory requires the fixation of the amino acid substitution to automagically occur in the context of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy. The theory fails to mention the fact that the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and the microRNA-mediated creation of all cell types in all living genera is required.

See for comparison: Anything published since the time I learned about the importance of microRNAs during the 2012 Society for Neuroscience annual meeting in New Orleans, LA.

From 2000/10/15 to 2012/10/15 microRNA Items: 1 to 20 of 19910

From 2012/10/15 to 2018/04/26 microRNA Items: 1 to 20 of 53458

The number of biologically informed serious scientists who have linked the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in bacteria continues to rapidly increase.

This begs the question: When will biologically uninformed science idiots stop attending meetings that facilitate their attempts to invent more ridiculous theories?

Environmental selection is natural selection

April 26, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations base editing biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Model Organisms Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk was published on April 23, 2018

The ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) gene has a range of pleiotropic effects, including sweat gland density, incisor shoveling, and mammary gland ductal branching. The frequency of the human-specific EDAR V370A allele appears to be uniquely elevated in North and East Asian and New World populations due to a bout of positive selection likely to have occurred circa 20,000 y ago. The dental pleiotropic effects of this allele suggest an even higher occurrence among indigenous people in the Western Hemisphere before European colonization. We hypothesize that selection on EDAR V370A occurred in the Beringian refugium because it increases mammary ductal branching, and thereby may amplify the transfer of critical nutrients in vitamin D-deficient conditions to infants via mothers’ milk. This hypothesized selective context for EDAR V370A was likely intertwined with selection on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster because it is known to modulate lipid profiles transmitted to milk from a vitamin D-rich diet high in omega-3 fatty acids.

The authors placed my claims about the mouse-to-human model of the EDAR V370A variant back into the context of an evolutionary adaptation. They seem unwilling to accept the fact that the EDAR V370A variant is a nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptation in mice and in humans. It links energy-dependent changes from angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera via natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality.
The EDAR V370A allele is also known as rs3827760, 1540T/C, 370A, or Val370Ala. It is a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2.
See the author’s copy of my invited review of nutritional epigenetics, which was returned without review :
Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems (2014)

In the context of climate change and changes in diet, the story began with what probably was a nutrient-dependent base pair change and a variant epiallele that arose in a human population in what is now central China. Apparently, the effect of the epiallele was adaptive and it was manifested in the context of an effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth. In another mammal, such as the mouse, the effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth is probably due to a nutrient-dependent epigenetic effect on hormones responsible for the tweaking of immense gene networks that metabolize nutrients to pheromones. The pheromones appear to control the nutrient-dependent epigenetically-effected hormone-dependent organization and hormone-activation of reproductive sexual behavior in mammals such as mice and humans, but also in invertebrates and in microbes as previously indicated.

The ecological adaptations, which appear to be manifested in the human population are detailed in these two reports [162-163]. The ecological adaptations are likely to be nutrient-dependent and pheromone-controlled. If so, ecological variation probably leads to ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction, which is manifested in increasing organismal complexity and species diversity. If not, there may be something as yet unknown about mutations and evolution that makes sense in the light of what is known about nutritional epigenetics and the molecular biology of species from microbes to man.

More than four years later, biologically uninformed theorists have again tried to make natural selection something different than environmental selection. Nina G. Jablonski is one of the co-authors. I’m tempted to think that all the others also are biologically uninformed science idiots who cannot link physical and chemistry from subatomic particles to ecosystems via what organisms eat and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which biophysically constrains viral latency in all living genera.
See also: microRNA and ADAR1 microRNA
For example:
Combinatory RNA-Sequencing Analyses Reveal a Dual Mode of Gene Regulation by ADAR1 in Gastric Cancer (April 25, 2018)
Virus-encoded miRNAs in Ebola virus disease (April 24, 2018)

MicroRNA-mediated denuclearization

April 21, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms RNA Directed RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations What's in the News

Kim Says North Korea Is Stopping Nuclear and Missile Tests

Early today, he said the country was stopping nuclear and missile tests and shuttering its atomic test site, which has “done its job.” Those concessions were long demanded by the U.S., lifting hopes that next Friday’s planned summit between Kim and South Korean President Moon Jae-in will be conducted in good faith.

Added Perspective
Emergence of Human G2P[4] Rotaviruses in the Post-vaccination Era in South Korea: Footprints of Multiple Interspecies Re-assortment Events
Viruses do not emerge. They adapt in the context of proton gradients and microRNA-mediated changesin energy-dependent protein folding chemistry. The food energy-dependent fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions links interspecies re-assortment events to healthy longevity.
See for comparison: A Single Amino Acid at the Polymerase Acidic Protein Determines the Pathogenicity of Influenza B Viruses
The ability of researchers in South Korea to create genetically modified viruses with increased pathogenicity links quantum physics from virus-driven energy theft to the degradation of messenger RNA and extinctions in many different populations of extinct organisms during the past 6,000 years.
See: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

We show here for the first time the crucial role of viruses in controlling archaeal dynamics and therefore the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems, and suggest that virus-archaea interactions play a central role in global biogeochemical cycles.

The population of North Korea could have been the next to be decimated by a genetically engineered virus if Kim Jong Un had not agreed to denuclearization.
See also: Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] recombination dogma

…studies dealing with human variation and evolution have assumed that human mtDNA does not recombine and should be considered as pathological or very infrequent. Using both direct and indirect approaches, we provide consistent evidence of mtDNA recombination in humans.

Food energy-dependent mtDNA recombination in humans appears to protect all organized genomes in all extant human populations. mtDNA recombination may be the best protection from extinction that any species already has. Given what is known to serious scientists about cell type differentiation, the link from light-activated endogenous substrates and the physiology of reproduction in all living genera causes many people to ridicule the assumptions still touted in the context of theories invented by neo-Darwinian theorists.
See also: Mechanisms of Recombination conference

Abiogenesis vs microRNA biogenesis

April 18, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Summary: The pseudoscientific nonsense about abiogenesis that has been touted by Karo Michaelian and others like him has caused the unnecessary suffering and premature death of millions to billions of people by placing the pathogenic consequences of deregulated miRNAs into the context of ridiculous theories.
See for comparison: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA and the parody from the same research group:
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Abiogenesis (2017)
Microscopic dissipative structuring and proliferation at the origin of life (Oct 13, 2017)

Some fundamental molecules of life are suggested to have been formed, proliferated, and evolved through photochemical microscopic dissipative structuring and autocatalytic proliferation under the UV-C/UV-B solar environment prevalent at Earth’s surface throughout the Archean. Evidence is given in the numerous salient characteristics of these, including their strong absorption in this spectral region and their rapid non-radiative excited state decay through inherent conical intersections. The examples of the dissipative structuring and dissipative proliferation of the purines and of single strand DNA are given. UV-C and UV-B-induced stationary state isomerizations and tautomerizations are shown to be crucial to the formation of the purines from hydrogen cyanide in an aqueous environment under UV-C light, while UV-C induced phosphorylation of nucleosides and denaturing of double helix RNA and DNA are similarly important to the production and proliferation of single strand DNA. This thermodynamic dissipation perspective provides a physical-chemical foundation for understanding the origin and evolution of life.

The suggestion is ridiculous. No serious scientist would claim that some fundamental molecules of life formed, proliferated, and evolved in the context of thermodynamic dissipation after the UV-C induced phosphorylation of nucleosides and denaturing of double helix RNA and DNA.
The functional structure of supercoiled DNA is energy-dependent.
All serious scientists start with the link from the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy on contact with water to the creation of ATP synthase; the creation of microRNAs; the creation of all other enzymes; the creation of all receptors; the creation of all hormones. That’s how serious scientists link microRNA biogenesis to all biophysically constrained food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled morphological and behavioral diversity on Earth.
MicroRNA biogenesis (2018)

The tipping point of 72,000 indexed published works that mention microRNAs was reached on 4/18/18
See: microRNA
Example: Arthropod viruses and small RNAs (2013)

Understanding the role of small RNAs in arthropod host-virus molecular interactions will facilitate manipulation of these pathways for both management of arthropod pests of agricultural and medical importance, and for protection of beneficial arthropods such as honey bees and shrimp. This review highlights recent research on the role of small RNAs in arthropod host-virus interactions with reference to other host-pathogen systems.

Example: MicroRNAs as mediators of insect host-pathogen interactions and immunity (2014)

In this review, we will discuss the latest developments in regards to the role of microRNA in insect host-pathogen interactions and provide some insights into this rapidly developing area of research.

Example: miRNA regulation of innate immunity (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA and are pivotal posttranscriptional regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. They act by regulating the expression of multiple immune genes, thus, are the important elements to the complex immune regulatory network. Deregulated expression of specific miRNAs can lead to potential autoimmunity, immune tolerance, hyper-inflammatory phenotype, and cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the contributory pathways and mechanisms by which several miRNAs influence the development of innate immunity and fine-tune immune response. Moreover, we discuss the consequence of deregulated miRNAs and their pathogenic implications.

The pseudoscientific nonsense touted by Karo Michaelian and others like him has caused the unnecessary suffering and premature death of millions to billions of people by placing the pathogenic consequences of deregulated miRNAs into the context of ridiculous theories.
See for comparison: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA and the parody from the same research group:

See also: Michaelian K
and Retraction: Oligoarginine peptides slow strand annealing and assist non-enzymatic RNA replication (Nov 23, 2017)
The life’s works of all those who have ever touted their ridiculous claims about abiogenesis can now be placed into the context of the eternal significance of microRNAs. The energy dependent de novo creation of microRNA flanking sequences has repeatedly been linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and sympatric speciation in all living genera.
See: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

See also: Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems (1968)
See also: Cytosis (for ages 10+)

Players take turns placing workers on available organelles within a human cell in order to collect resources (such as Carbohydrates or ATP!) or take actions (such as purchasing Cell Component cards or translating mRNA into Proteins!)

Players use their resources to build Enzymes, Hormones, and Hormone Receptors and also to help detoxify the cell – all of which score health points. The player with the most health points at the end of the game wins!

See for comparison: DNA Denaturing through UV-C Photon Dissipation: A Possible Route to Archean Non-enzymatic Replication (2014)

Many of the fundamental molecules of life, those common to all three domains; bacteria, eukaryote, and archea, including RNA and DNA, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, cofactors, and protoporphyrins, absorb photons in the UV-C 1. RNA or DNA in complexes with these molecules act as acceptor quenchers, providing the electronically excited pigment donor molecule with an extremely rapid (sub picosecond) non-radiative dexcitation channel, through internal conversion into vibrational energy of the nucleic acid and surrounding water molecules2.

On January 15, 2016 John Hewitt commented: You have just described the founding principle and thermodynamic function of life
On April 17, 2018, I commented on the ridiculous claim this so-called science journalist made because he blocked me from seeing his tweets a few months ago.