The food energy-dependent “doubling up” on ‘junk DNA’ is biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction. The metabolism of food to species-specific pheromones links the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in all individuals of all living genera to healthy longevity via what is known about amino acid substitutions in supercoiled DNA, which link energy-dependent changes in chirality to autophagy.
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The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in bacteria links top-down causation to what happens to archaea and L-forms in the context of the viral hecatomb, which links the destruction of G protein-coupled receptors to all pathology because the de novo creation of G protein-coupled receptors links the creation of the sense of smell to all biodiversity.
Our ability to detect differences in amino acid substitutions in the blood has been linked to the ability of flies to find food and to reproduce via the physiology of food-energy-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction.
See: A mammalian blood odor component serves as an approach-avoidance cue across phylum border – from flies to humans
See also:
Adaptive evolution by spontaneous domain fusion and protein relocalization
Phenotypic heterogeneity promotes adaptive evolution
My 2013 model of energy-dependent ecological adaptations: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model refuted neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense. That that model is being revisited each day that another publication is added to those that link the energy-dependent de novo creation of microRNAs to all biodiversity via hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution. See: microRNA
See also:
Overview of microRNA biology. Mohr AM et al. Semin Liver Dis. (2015)
MicroRNA Therapeutics: the Next Magic Bullet? Simonson B et al. Mini Rev Med Chem. (2015)
MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Hayes J et al. Trends Mol Med. (2014)