Caption: Contemporary analyses of cell metabolism have called out three metabolites: ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA, as sentinel molecules whose accumulation represent much of the purpose of the catabolic arms of metabolism and then drive many anabolic pathways. Such analyses largely leave out how and why ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA (Figure 1) at the molecular level play such central roles. Yet, without those insights into why cells accumulate them and how the enabling properties of these key metabolites power much of cell metabolism, the underlying molecular logic remains mysterious. Four other metabolites, S-adenosylmethionine, carbamoyl phosphate, UDP-glucose, and Δ2-isopentenyl-PP play similar roles in using group transfer chemistry to drive otherwise unfavorable biosynthetic equilibria. This review provides the underlying chemical logic to remind how these seven key molecules function as mobile packets of cellular currencies for phosphoryl transfers (ATP), acyl transfers (acetyl-CoA, carbamoyl-P), methyl transfers (SAM), prenyl transfers (IPP), glucosyl transfers (UDP-glucose), and electron and ADP-ribosyl transfers (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+) to drive metabolic transformations in and across most primary pathways. The eighth key metabolite is molecular oxygen (O2), thermodynamically activated for reduction by one electron path, leaving it kinetically stable to the vast majority of organic cellular metabolites

The eternal significance of microRNAs (5)

by with No Comment AdaptationsAutophagyCytosisDiseases & DisordersEcologyRNA DirectedRNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity
Excerpt: Researchers in South Korea, for example, have reminded the God-less Communist dictator of North Korea that one microRNA-mediated amino acid substitution in the influenza B virus could decimate the human populations that he thinks he rules.
Conclusion: Conserved energy biophysically constrains viral latency.

Ridiculously ignorant objections to my publication in what others claim is a predatory journal can be compared to my objection to publication of this article in PNAS.

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk
1) They linked environmental selection to the frequency of the EDAR V370A variant in the mouse model via positive selection for modulation of thermoregulatory sweating.
2) They linked environmental selection to similarities in human populations in North Asia, East Asia, and the New World. But they virtually ignored the mouse model of food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained ecological adaptation.
I linked the same food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled base pair change and microRNA-mediated fixation of the same amino acid substitution to all biodiversity in all living genera via feedback loops. See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

Others see what passes peer-review published in journals that support the expense of efforts made by pseudoscientists and other theorists, but they claim that the OMICS journals are predatory. I claim that pseudoscientists and other theorists do not know the difference between predation and sympatric speciation because they place predation into the context of evolved biodiversity.

For comparison see: Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow

Reported as: Baleen Whale Genomes Point to Evolution With Gene Flow

Large baleen whales in the Balaenopteridae family (commonly known as rorqual whales) have undergone sympatric speciation — speciation without clear geographic barriers between them — despite ongoing hybridization, according to new research from investigators in Sweden and Germany.

System-wide Rewiring Underlies Behavioral Differences in Predatory and Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes

Reported as:

“The patterns of synaptic connections perfectly mirror the fundamental differences in the feeding behaviours of P. pacificus and C. elegans”, Ralf Sommer concludes. A clear-cut result like that was not what he had necessarily expected.

Neo-Darwinian theorists and other biologically uniformed pseudoscientists have failed to use any common sense in attempts to link what organisms eat from the physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained biodiversity.  For comparison, serious scientists have forced the denuclearization of North Korea by reminding others to start with what is known about how food energy-dependent autophagy protects all life on Earth from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

…as a reviewer, it is tiresome to raise the same objections repeatedly, wondering why researchers have not fulfilled some of the basic requirements for establishing the occurrence of an autophagic process.

 …appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used.

Researchers in South Korea, for example, have reminded the God-less Communist dictator of North Korea that one microRNA-mediated amino acid substitution in the influenza B virus could decimate the human populations that he thinks he rules.

See: A Single Amino Acid at the Polymerase Acidic Protein Determines the Pathogenicity of Influenza B Viruses

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

Ecological adaptations vs the randomness of evolution (3)

by with No Comment Adaptationsbase editingbiophotonicsDiseases & DisordersEcologyHuman PheromonesLight EnergymicroRNA editingModel OrganismsRNA Directed

Summary: Fifty years later, only theorists and other pseudoscientists have failed to recognize the facts that link experimental evidence of differences in the energy of photons to the proton motive force, which links the potential of hydrogen (pH) to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity on Earth. In that context, Carl Zimmer serves as an important example of human idiocy each time he makes claims about evolution.
Serious scientists will meet during Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018 to discuss the overwhelming amount of human idiocy exemplified in the works of theorists who failed to learn that life is “All about that base.”
Without the quantized energy-dependent creation of the base pairs, viral latency could not be biophysically constrained and entropy would be used to explain the evolution of biodiversity manifested in sympatric speciation.
See for comparison: The costs of living at the edge: Seasonal stress in wild savanna-dwelling chimpanzees

Adaptations associated with shifting from a predominately forested habitat to a more open environment are considered a crucial step in hominin evolution.

The adaptations are food energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans. For example, higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone in humans are an adaptation.
See:  Dehydroepiandrosterone – is the fountain of youth drying out?

…humans are unique in having adrenals that secrete large amounts of the prohormone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate, DHEA-S, into the bloodstream of males and females. Even non-human primates produce only ~10% of the DHEA found in humans

Carl Zimmer places everything known about how ecological variation must be linked to energy-dependent ecological adaptations into the context of human evolution.
See: Hints of Human Evolution in Chimpanzees That Endure a Savanna’s Heat

Millions of years ago, our apelike ancestors gradually moved from woodlands to savannas and began walking upright at some point. The Fongoli chimpanzees demonstrate just how difficult that transition would have been — and how that challenge may have driven some major changes in our evolution, from evolving sweat glands to losing fur and walking upright.

Before she graduated from her medical technologist course (circa 2014), I mentioned to Misty ______ the importance of  β-lactamase testing to understanding how the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs would soon be linked to all biophysically constrained biodiversity on Earth via antibiotic susceptibility testing in the hospital medical laboratory.
Shared strategies for β-lactam catabolism in the soil microbiome

A hydrolase from the put operon was found to degrade in vitro benzylpenicilloic acid, the β-lactamase penicillin product.

This clearly exemplifies how the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in β-lactamase positive organisms is linked to antibiotic resistance via what all serious scientists know about the molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent cell type differentiation.
The findings were reported in the ridiculous context of claims about How Bacteria Eat Penicillin

…some of the bacteria could, in fact, eat the drugs… As it turned out, they were everywhere. He also found examples of the phenomenon in the scientific literature going back to the 1960s.

In 1964, McEwen et al, linked the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from Schrödinger’s claims in What is Life? (1944) to the creation of ATP and the creation of RNA. Now, others like McEwen know that RNA interference biophysically constrains viral latency.
In 1968, Frohlich speculated that the highly ordered storage of quantized energy in species from microbes to humans linked hydrogen-atom transfer to the functional structure of cell membranes via the hydrogen bonds of molecules, or other dipolar constituents, which he linked to the shared energy supply that biophysically constrains life.
Fifty years later, only theorists and other pseudoscientists have failed to recognize the facts that link experimental evidence of differences in the energy of photons to the proton motive force, which links the potential of hydrogen (pH) to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity on Earth. In that context, Carl Zimmer serves as an important example of human idiocy each time he makes claims about evolution.
See also: UTX-mediated enhancer and chromatin remodeling suppresses myeloid leukemogenesis through noncatalytic inverse regulation of ETS and GATA programs

By integrating proteomic and genomic analyses, we link these changes to UTX regulation of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, coordination of the COMPASS complex and enhanced pioneering activity of ETS factors during evolution to AML.

They linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from the creation of ATP to chromatin remodeling during the evolution of pathology, which all serious scientists know is biophysically constrained by the physiology of food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction.
See: [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)] (1994)

A study of the influence of pheromone stressor(s) on proliferating germ and somatic cells was performed on laboratory lines of house mouse in the context of the physiological hypothesis of mutation process, proposed by M.E. Lobashev in 1947. Data from experiments are presented, and results obtained during last 10-15 years are discussed. The adaptive role of cytogenetic and other observed pheromonal effects is considered. The possible existence of interorganism systems of genetic regulation is discussed, the search for and study of which may help in more complete understanding of the regularities of functioning of genetic material.

The interorganism systems of genetic regulation have since been placed into the context of sympatric speciation by all serious scientists.
See: Direct estimation of mutations in great apes reveals significant recent human slowdown in the yearly mutation rate
See also: Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants

Watering Young Plant - Vintage Effect

Environmental selection is natural selection (4)

by with No Comment AdaptationsAlternative SplicingsAutophagybase editingbiophotonicsCytosisDiseases & DisordersEcologyModel OrganismsPhysicsSubatomic

Conclusion: Only biologically uninformed science idiots still believe in the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian evolution.
VISUALIZING APOPTOSIS AS IT HAPPENS

Apoptosis is a highly regulated and critical homeostatic process in multicellular organisms.

Biologically uninformed theorists have claimed the conserved molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent apoptosis in multicelluar organisms arose after energy emerged. Aberrations in this form of energy-dependent programmed cell death have been linked from the virus-driven theft of quantized energy to all pathology. That helps to explain why biologically uninformed science idiots continue to link emergence to the evolution of all biodiversity but serious scientists present experimental evidence of highly regulated apoptosis.
Every level of biological organization has now linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to the proton motive force from apoptosis to all biodiversity via what is known about biophysically constrained viral latency.
For more evidence of obfuscation that theorists have used in their attempts to support their pseudoscientific nonsense “Download this eBook from The Scientist and Biotium to find out more about”

– The intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways
– The biochemical and morphological stages of apoptosis
– Apoptosis signs and signals
– Nuclear events during apoptosis

Quantized energy-dependent changes link the extrinsic pathway to the instrinsic pathway via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance, which links the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated fixation of amino acid substitutions and ecological adaptations in the context of viral latency.
For links to what is known about the role of anti-entropic virucidal energy links the proton motive force from protection of the mitochondrial membrane to all biophysically constrained biodiversity, see:
Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma
Substitute energy-dependent ecological adaptation each time you see others suggest that human mitochondrial DNA recombination evolved.
See also:  If you can’t explain something in simple terms, you don’t understand it

Sizing up his audience perfectly, Feynman said, “I’ll prepare a freshman lecture on it.” But he came back a few days later to say, “I couldn’t do it. I couldn’t reduce it to the freshman level. That means we don’t really understand it.”

He died in 1988. Anyone who continues to claim that we still do not understand the links from quantum physics to quantum souls exemplifies human idiocy. See: Food energy
Only biologically uninformed science idiots still believe in the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian evolution.

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

2018 March for Science vs microRNAs

by with No Comment AdaptationsbiophotonicsDiseases & DisordersEcologyRNA Directed

Summary: Only biologically uninformed theorists and other pseudoscientists do not seem to know that all carbon-based life is quantized energy-dependent and that biophotonic energy as information comes from the sun. It is obvious to all serious scientists that proton gradients link photons from quantized energy as information to the proton motive force, which is how the potential of hydrogen (pH) is linked to changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance that biophysically constrain viral latency in the context of hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution that must be linked to supercoiled DNA.
The Second March for Science a Smaller Affair

…the events are not devoid of politics—either on signs or in rhetoric.

“It is a remarkable outpouring of scientists to talk about the marvelous accomplishments of science, the amazing relevance of science, and a call for defending the conditions under which science can thrive.” — Rush Holt, the CEO of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Science is not thriving. See for comparison: All in the (bigger) family (2015)

…at a special symposium of the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, researchers reported new parallels between these two very successful groups of animals and new insights about what it took for an ancient crustacean to give rise to insects.

Energy-dependent microRNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency was required. The scientific facts about food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained viral latency and microRNA-mediated sympatric speciation probably contributed most to the reduced turnout at the ridiculous Marches for Science. All serious scientists know that science is not thriving, and pseudoscientists are finding out.
This is serious science: miRNA regulation of innate immunity

In this review, we discuss the contributory pathways and mechanisms by which several miRNAs influence the development of innate immunity and fine-tune immune response. Moreover, we discuss the consequence of deregulated miRNAs and their pathogenic implications.

Who needs more proof that neo-Darwinian theorists and Big Bang cosmologists are biologically uninformed science idiots?
When George Church reported in this interview that cyanobacteria fix light, he left no room for ridiculous claims about the emergence of energy or claims about mutation-driven evolution. Two months later, most theorists skipped the Marches.
I believe they probably stayed home and attempted to rewrite their grant proposals. But what I believe doesn’t matter. I can’t prove that they’ve been forced by serious scientists to eliminate “evolution” and/or their automagical “evolutionary processes” from the content/context.
But see at 15:10

“…the cyanobacteria turn out that they fix light ah as well or better than land plants…”

See for comparison, from the transcript:

The cyanobacteria fix [carbon via] light as well or better than land plants. Under ideal circumstances, they can be maybe seven to ten times more productive per photon.

Only biologically uninformed theorists and other pseudoscientists do not seem to know that all carbon-based life is quantized energy dependent and that biophotonic energy as information comes from the sun. It is obvious to all serious scientists that proton gradients link photons from quantized energy as information to the proton motive force, which is how the potential of hydrogen (pH) is linked to changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance that biophysically constrain viral latency in the context of hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution that must be linked to supercoiled DNA.
Theorists have been left behind and anyone who participated in the 2018 March for Science has revealed their overwhelming ignorance. Why didn’t George Church warn them? Richard Feynman did:
See: Food energy  for Feynman’s claim about human idiocy.
Alternatively, see: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference
See also: A 360 degrees view of circular RNAs: From biogenesis to functions

The pre-mRNA splicing machinery generates circRNAs via backsplicing reactions, which are often facilitated by intronic repeat sequences that base pair to one another and bring the intervening splice sites into close proximity.

See also: Dr. Gene Nelson wrote:  “This year, I printed 500 copies of the handout that I wrote regarding CGNP’s battle with the CPUC and the plant’s owner. I returned with about 490 handouts.”
On April 19, 2018 “From Layout to Multi-Physics: Integrating Thermal and Photonics Simulation into the PIC Design Flow” will link the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to thermal cycling.
The thermal cycles have been linked to cracks in the Vietnam Memorial Wall. This free Webinar will almost undoubtedly place the eternal significance of “The Wall” into the context of the eternal significance of microRNAs, which repair DNA damage in carbon-based life forms. Damage repair via the food energy-dependent creation of microRNAs is linked to the eternal significance of differences between organic and inorganic chemistry.
For instance, quantum physics can be linked to the biophysically constrained production of uranium isotopes by the physiology of reproduction in bacteria. And, the use of uranium isotopes in therapy attests to the fact that the unconstrained energy causes cracks in the human genome. The “cracks” are manifested in radiation-induced pathologies.
Treating glioblastoma with radiation may be ill-advised. For comparison, microRNA-mediated therapy has emerged as an effective treatment regimen based on naturally occurring prevention of all pathology.

Pseudoscientists are willing to let Vietnam Veterans and others with glioblastoma suffer unnecessarily and die prematurely. The pseudoscientists won’t admit that food energy-dependent changes in microRNAs have been linked to the stability of all organized genomes via sympatric speciation in all living genera.
 
 
 
There is no such thing as a de novo mutation. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA has been linked from mutations to all pathology via the death gene, which was discovered during the early 1990s by researchers who worked for Abcam.
See: Epigenetic modifications poster
See for comparison: A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution

Why is Jennifer Doudna still touting controlled evolution at a time when other serious scientists have linked every aspect of the quantized energy-dependent creation of microRNAs to the epigenetically modified physiology of reproduction and all ecological adaptations? What hasn’t she learned about biophysically constrained microRNA-mediated cell type differentiation in species from microbes to humans?
See: When the Most Potent Combination of Antibiotics Selects for the Greatest Bacterial Load: The Smile-Frown Transition (April 23, 2013)

Finding the most potent combinations of antibiotics in the lab can be a challenge if antibiotic interactions are not robust to evolutionary adaptation.

For nearly 5 years serious scientists have watched theorists try to escape from the traps that were set by their predecessors. All intelligent people now realize that there is no such thing as evolution of a new species. There is only ecological variation and quantized energy-dependent ecological adaptations to the virus-driven theft of quantized energy that comes from sunlight and sustains the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera.
Reported as: The XV Collection: What Happens when the Antibiotic 1-2 Punch Backfires? (April 13, 2018)

Antibiotic-resistant mutants readily arise within almost any population of bacteria. If a population containing both susceptible and resistant mutants is treated with two antibiotics, the susceptible majority is, as expected, rapidly wiped out. But this also removes any competition for the resistant minority, enabling them to quickly grow and proliferate.

The food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in bacteria biophysically constrains the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links antibiotic resistance from mutations to all pathology.
Reported on June 14, 2013 as: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model

That extension of the vertebrate/mammalian model to invertebrates occurred as researchers integrated what was known about human pheromones and their effects on neuroendocrine systems during the development of human behavior (Kohl et al., ). Invertebrate research rapidly progressed to include the epigenetic effects of nutrients and pheromones on gene expression and on hormone-organized and hormone-activated behavioral transitions throughout life (Elekonich & Roberts, ), which is consistent with their epigenetic effects throughout the life of vertebrates, including mammals.

The honeybee model organism exemplifies what has been learned from the study of invertebrates (De Loof, Lindemans, Liu, De Groef, & Schoofs, ). This includes what has been learned about the epigenetic effects of nutrients and pheromones on juvenile hormone (JH).

See also: Pursuing Preprints, Preventing Pandemics: How pre-peer review posting can accelerate outbreak science

Preprints are scientific manuscripts posted online prior to or concurrent with submission for peer review and publication in a scientific journal. They offer opportunities to share data and findings sooner and to get broader community feedback before publication. During outbreaks, decisions that can save lives must often be made quickly and with little information. The fast, open nature of preprint posting can help address these needs.

The posting of most preprints on the bioRxiv server obfuscates what is known to serious scientists about biophysically constrained energy-dependent microRNA-mediated sympatric speciation. The consistent focus of most preprints places the findings into the context of evolution because that is what biologically uninformed theorists have been taught to believe in.

Until everyone admits that the creation of microRNAs is food energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, the ability to respond to urgent and complex health challenges will be placed into the ridiculous context of evolutionary processes.

See for exception:  A transmissible RNA pathway in honey bees

…RNA extracted from worker and royal jellies harbor differential naturally occurring RNA populations. Some of these RNAs corresponded to honey bee protein-coding genes, transposable elements, non-coding RNA and exogenous viruses. These results reveal an inherent property of honey bees to share RNA among individuals and generations. Thus, our findings suggest a transmissible RNA pathway, playing a role in social immunity and epigenetic dynamics among honey bees and potentially other closely interacting organisms.

See for comparison: SLC6A4 binding site and acute prosocial effects of (+/-)-3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are evolutionarily conserved in Octopus bimaculoides

Human and octopus lineages are separated by over 500 million years of evolution, and show divergent anatomical patterns of brain organization.

No experimental evidence of top-down causation or energy-dependent RNA interference suggests separation of the lineages by 500 million years of evolution.

See for comparison: Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

From the concluding paragraph:

Future work on O. vulgaris olfaction must also consider how animals acquire the odours detected by the olfactory organ and what kind of odour the olfactory organ perceives. The OL acting as control centre may be target organ for metabolic hormones such as leptin like and insulin like peptides, and olfactory organ could exert regulatory action on the OL via epigenetic effects of nutrients and pheromones on gene expression (Kohl, 2013; Elekonich and Robinson, 2000).

See also: See Diamond et al., 1996: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Elekonich and Robinson (2000) linked our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation to the honeybee model of food energy-dependent biophysically constrained biodiversity.

Effects of hormones on brain and behavior occur through three mechanisms: (1) behaviors both organized and activated by hormones, (2) behaviors only organized by hormones, and (3) behaviors only activated by hormones (reviewed in Arnold and Breedlove, 1985; Diamond et al., 1996).”

See also: Honey bees as a model for understanding mechanisms of life history transitions

In this review we discuss the physiological and genetic mechanisms of this behavioral transition, which include large scale changes in hormonal activity, metabolism, flight ability, circadian rhythms, sensory perception and processing, neural architecture, learning ability, memory and gene expression.

See also: IAPV, a bee-affecting virus associated with Colony Collapse Disorder can be silenced by dsRNA ingestion (2009)

Here we report on RNAi-silencing of IAPV infection by feeding bees with double-stranded RNA, as an efficient and feasible way of controlling this viral disease. The association of CCD with IAPV is discussed, as well as the potential of controlling CCD.

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

Sympatric Speciation vs Pseudoscientific Nonsense (1)

by with No Comment AdaptationsAlternative SplicingsCytosisDiseases & DisordersEcologymicroRNA editingModel OrganismsRNA DirectedRNA editingRNA interferenceRNA methylationRNA-directed DNA methylationRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expressionRNA-mediated gene silencingRNA-mediated toxicityRNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

Summary: The “Science Behind the Game” from the cell biology game “Cytosis” supports all claims that clearly link energy-dependent alternative splicings of pre-mRNAs (aka microRNAs) to biophysically constrained viral latency. Game play by ages 10+ establishes the requirement for viral latency in the context of ecological variation and ecological adaptation outside the context of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense. Simply put, Darwin presciently placed his “conditions of life” into the current perspective on ecological niche construction and sympatric speciation, which exemplifies ecological adaptation in all living genera.
For a historical perspective, see:
1996 From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans (Adler and Hajduk, 1994; de Bono, Zarkower, and Hodgkin, 1995; Ge, Zuo, and Manley, 1991; Green, 1991; Parkhurst and Meneely, 1994; Wilkins, 1995; Wolfner, 1988). That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.

For obfuscation of our claims about cause and effect, which have since been linked to all biodiveristy, see: Altered microRNA expression and pre-mRNA splicing events reveal new mechanisms associated with early stage Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection (2016)
Simply put, no new mechanisms were revealed. The well-known mechanisms of energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation were simply placed into the context of more unintelligible rhetoric.
See for comparison: 2013 Alternative splicings and amino acid substitutions (redux)
Tracking niche variation over millennial timescales in sympatric killer whale lineages

Ecological variation is the raw material by which natural selection can drive evolutionary divergence [1–4].

The differences in amino acid composition among different tissues can lead to large differences in trophic discrimination [38].

For more information on the current perspective, which is the same as the historical perspective, see:
2018 Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow

…speciation of rorqual evolution occurred under gene flow, which is best depicted by evolutionary networks. Especially in marine environments, sympatric speciation might be common; our results raise questions about how genetic divergence can be established.

Reported as: Baleen Whale Genomes Point to Evolution With Gene Flow

Large baleen whales in the Balaenopteridae family (commonly known as rorqual whales) have undergone sympatric speciation — speciation without clear geographic barriers between them — despite ongoing hybridization…

See also: May, 2015 Riding the Evolution Paradigm Shift With Eugene Koonin

The entire evolution of the microbial world and the virus world, and the interaction between microbes and viruses and other life forms have been left out of the Modern Synthesis…

See also: August, 2015 Eibi Nevo: Evolution, Let’s Get It Right, It’s the “Basis of Everything”

Viruses are the dynamo of change that we see in the modern genome. . . .

Cytosis_Booklet_Science.pdf (63 KB) (Log in or Register [for free] to download.) The “Science Behind the Game” from the cell biology game “Cytosis” supports all claims that clearly link energy-dependent alternative splicings of pre-mRNAs (aka microRNAs) to biophysically constrained viral latency. Game play by ages 10+ establishes the requirement for viral latency in the context of ecological variation and ecological adaptation outside the context of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense. Simply put, Darwin presciently placed his “conditions of life” into the current perspective on ecological niche construction and sympatric speciation, which exemplifies ecological adaptation in all living genera.
Cytosis is described as: A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!
The collaborative efforts of 20 serious scientists who validated the details in the game include the mention of Stephen J. Bush. See: Bush, SJ et al., (2017) Alternative splicing and the evolution of phenotypic novelty

Alternative splicing, a mechanism of post-transcriptional RNA processing whereby a single gene can encode multiple distinct transcripts, has been proposed to underlie morphological innovations in multicellular organisms. Genes with developmental functions are enriched for alternative splicing events, suggestive of a contribution of alternative splicing to developmental programmes. The role of alternative splicing as a source of transcript diversification has previously been compared to that of gene duplication, with the relationship between the two extensively explored. Alternative splicing is reduced following gene duplication with the retention of duplicate copies higher for genes which were alternatively spliced prior to duplication. Furthermore, and unlike the case for overall gene number, the proportion of alternatively spliced genes has also increased in line with the evolutionary diversification of cell types, suggesting alternative splicing may contribute to the complexity of developmental programmes. Together these observations suggest a prominent role for alternative splicing as a source of functional innovation. However, it is unknown whether the proliferation of alternative splicing events indeed reflects a functional expansion of the transcriptome or instead results from weaker selection acting on larger species, which tend to have a higher number of cell types and lower population sizes.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.
See for comparison: Retraction: Oligoarginine peptides slow strand annealing and assist non-enzymatic RNA replication
Reported as: RNA Replication Paper Retracted 
Szostak and others got busted for their pseudoscientific nonsense about non-enzymatic emergence by someone who understands quantized energy as information-dependent RNA-mediated top-down causation. People over age 10+ who play the cell biology game “Cytosis” may now force all biologically uninformed theorists to retract their claims, which typically have been placed into the context of mutation-driven evolution.

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

Less evolvable RNA-mediated ecological adaptations

by with No Comment AdaptationsCytosisDiseases & DisordersEcologyLight EnergyModel OrganismsNutrigenomicsPhysicsRNA DirectedRNA editingRNA interferenceRNA methylationRNA-directed DNA methylationRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expressionRNA-mediated gene silencingRNA-mediated toxicityRNA–Mediated Epigenetic HeredityVariations

No experimental evidence of biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation supports the claim about “…the evolutionary plasticity of the regulatory regions involved in transcriptional regulation…” The overwhelming systems complexity of energy-dependent RNA-mediated cause and effect can no longer be placed into the context of the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by theorists. Watch Andrea Wagner’s group try to escape from the claims made by losers.
But first see: Kalevi Kull: Censorship & Royal Society Evo Event

Nobody wants to belong to the party of losers. One of the best strategies in such a case is evidently an interpretation of the change as a gradual accumulation of knowledge while their work has always been at the cutting edge. — Kalevi Kull

RNA-mediated gene regulation is less evolvable than transcriptional regulation

…nucleic acid binding sites of RNA-mediated gene regulation are less evolvable than those of transcriptional regulation. This observation is consistent with the high levels of mRNA target conservation for RBPs (10, 82, 83) and the evolutionary plasticity of the regulatory regions involved in transcriptional regulation (84⇓–86) as well as their role in the evolution of myriad adaptations and innovations (11, 87, 88).

It is obvious to anyone who has followed the works of Andreas Wagner that his group has reached an impasse.
See: Evolution of Viral Proteins Originated De Novo by Overprinting (2012)

We found that young de novo genes have a different codon usage from the rest of the genome.

There is no such thing as a de novo gene.
See: From de novo to “de nono”: most novel protein coding genes identified with phylostratigraphy represent old genes or recent duplicates

I collectively refer to the putative de novo genes that failed to pass the validation criteria as the ‘de nono’ genes.

See also: Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition

The amino acid optimality code (Fig 6) provides an alternative perspective on sequence changes between paralogs in evolution and human disease.

Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality links what organisms eat to their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans. Ecological variation is linked to ecological adaptations only in the context of biophysically constrained viral latency. That fact is now perfectly clear in the context of more than 71,000 indexed published works that link the energy-dependent creation of ATP synthase to the creation of ATP and the creation of RNA in the context of McEwen et al., (1964) and Frohlich (1968).
People like Andreas Wagner are stuck with their ridiculous claims about evolution, when all serious scientists know that only the hecatombic evolution of virus-driven pathology is possible. Healthy longevity requires food energy-dependent biophysically constrained polycombic ecological adaptations. The metabolism of food to species-specific pheromones links RNA-mediated autophagy to all biodiversity. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA is linked to all pathology.
Andreas Wagner reversed every aspect of what is known in: Arrival of the Fittest: Solving Evolution’s Greatest Puzzle (2014)

…he has found that adaptations are not just driven by chance, but by a set of laws that allow nature to discover new molecules and mechanisms in a fraction of the time that random variation would take.

See for comparison: Kohl’s Laws of Biology in Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems (2014)

Life is nutrient-dependent. That is a Biological Law. The ecological origin of all biological laws is apparent 1) in the context of systems biology (P. Kohl, et al., 2010); 2) in the context of the metabolism of nutrients by microbes (K. D. Kohl, 2012); and 3) in the context of how the metabolism of nutrients results in species-specific pheromones that control the physiology of reproduction (J. Kohl, Ostrovsky, Frechter, & Jefferis, 2013). Taken together, the systems biology of nutrient metabolism to species-specific pheromones, which control the physiology of reproduction, can be expressed in a summary of Kohl’s Laws of Biology: 1) Life is nutrient-dependent. See for review (J. V. Kohl, 2012; M. Lynch, 2007). The physiology of reproduction is pheromone-controlled. See for review (J. V. Kohl, 2013). In the context of nutrient-dependent epigenetically-effected human reproduction, it is clearer that the epigenetic effects of human pheromones integrate neuroendocrinology and behavior (J. V. Kohl, et al., 2001), which includes the neuroendocrinology of mammalian behavior associated with the development of sexual preferences (J.V. Kohl, 2007).

Andreas Wagner, and others like him, will probably continue to misrepresent what is known about how the creation of sunlight must be linked to food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction by natural selection for codon optimality. But the facts about how energy must be linked to increasing organismal complexity are not going to change.
See: Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
and/or Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

 
 
 

An evolutionary theory killer

Polymaths and paradigm shifts: from Asimov to Bear (1)

by with One Comment AdaptationsbiophotonicsDiseases & DisordersEcologyLight EnergyModel OrganismsPhysicsRNA DirectedRNA–Mediated Epigenetic HereditySubatomicVariations
Summary: In the context of what is known about how top-down causation must be linked to all biodiversity on Earth, the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight links differences in the energy of two photons from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs. The link from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs is endogenous RNA interference (RNAi). Endogenous RNAi is manifested as energy-dependent differences in biophysically constrained viral latency.
Biophysically constrained viral latency has been linked to healthy longevity in all living genera from what appears to be the “dawn of creation.”
See: Conceptual Insights, Energy Transformations in Oxidative Phosphorylation (2002)

View this media module for an animated, interactive summary of how electron transfer potential is converted into proton-motive force and, finally, phosphoryl transfer potential in oxidative phosphorylation.

See: Section 18.4A Proton Gradient Powers the Synthesis of ATP
Place what is known to all serious scientists about the proton motive force into the context of energy-dependent electron transfer potential.
See also: Chemiosmosis

…the term proton-motive force (PMF)… can be described as the measure of the potential energy stored as a combination of proton and voltage (electrical potential) gradients across a membrane. The electrical gradient is a consequence of the charge separation across the membrane (when the protons H+ move without a counterion, such as chloride Cl−).

See: Search results for proton motive force
On February 2, 2018 and on February 26, 2018 I linked the claim that Permeability transition in human mitochondria persists in the absence of peripheral stalk subunits of ATP synthase (2017) to findings on RNA-RNA interactions in The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14  (1993) This link opens the to free pdf

Two small lin-4 transcripts of approximately 22 and 61 nt were identified in C. elegans and found to contain sequences complementary to a repeated sequence element in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of lin-14 mRNA, suggesting that lin-4 regulates lin-14 translation via an antisense RNA-RNA interaction.

The small lin-4 transcripts of approximately 22 and 61 nt were subsequently referred to as pre-mRNAs before the term pre-mRNA became microRNA as the number of nucleotides (nt) was reduced to 22 in the context of more than 70,000 published works on microRNAs. See: microRNA
In the context of what is known about how top-down causation must be linked to all biodiversity on Earth, the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight links differences in the energy of two photons from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs. The link from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs is endogenous RNA interference (RNAi). Endogenous RNAi is manifested as energy-dependent differences in biophysically constrained viral latency. Biophysically constrained viral latency has been linked to healthy longevity in all living genera from what appears to be the “dawn of creation.”
For instance see: Recent Explosive Human Population Growth Has Resulted in an Excess of Rare Genetic Variants (2012) and Evolution and Functional Impact of Rare Coding Variation from Deep Sequencing of Human Exomes (2012)
Reported May 17, 2012 as: Humans riddled with rare genetic variants
See also: Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants (2013)
Reported November 28, 2012 Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome
See also: The splicing code (Feb 2018)

…except for very few and marginal variations, it is the same from bacteria to man, the RNA stretch: 5′ GUGUUC 3′ reads as the dipeptide: Val-Phe in bacteria, in yeast, in Arabidopsis, in zebra fish, in mouse and in human. A degree of ambiguity is possible if mutations are introduced in the tRNAs in a way that the anticodon reads one amino acid but the aminoacyl-transferase attaches a different one onto the tRNA.

See also: Creatures’ Adaptability Begins with Their Sensors
Sensory input must be linked to energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: OLYMPUS experiment sheds light on structure of protons

…most of the time, only one of the photons has high energy, while the other must carry very little energy indeed…

In 2013 Isaac Asimov Memorial Debate:The Existence of Nothing, Neil deGrasse Tyson made this spurious claim:

Isaac Asimov, “…perhaps, the last polymath of our civilization.”

A polymath should be required to link quantum physics from quantum chemistry to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity. Wide-ranging knowledge should include what is known about the conserved molecular mechanisms that link the food energy-dependent physiology of reproduction to ecological adaptations in species from microbes to humans.
Eshel Ben-Jacob and Greg Bear are polymaths. Isaac Asimov was not.
Eshel Ben-Jacob presciently linked Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing (2009)  to the biophysically constrained viral latency Greg Bear placed into the context of the creation of a new human species in two books reviewed in Nature:
Evolution rising from the grave (2000)
Living with the Neanderthals (2003)
See also: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)
Polymaths should be able to recognize patterns that link photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation from the creation of enzymes to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated DNA repair, which links ecological variation from phytoremediation to ecological adaptations in all living genera. Anyone who fails to do that in the context of the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum in P. fluorescens should be called a biologically uninformed theorist or a science journalist who has no excuse for reporting pseudoscientific nonsense.
The only way to resurrect the bacterial flagellum over-the-weekend involves what is known as the proton motive force. Fro example: A twitter search for “proton motive force” led me to this claim, thanks to Nigel Ten Fleming

Enzyme-bound ATP forms readily in the absence of a proton-motive force.

In the context of Energy Transformations in Oxidative Phosphorylation (2002), that claim was followed by this claim:

…the role of the proton gradient is not to form ATP but to release it from the synthase.

See also:

If the aspartate residue is protonated to its neutral form, the c ring can now rotate, but only in a clockwise direction. Such a rotation moves the newly protonated aspartic acid residue into contact with the membrane, moves the charged aspartate residue from contact with the matrix half-channel to the cytosolic half-channel, and moves a different protonated aspartic acid residue from contact with the membrane to the matrix half-channel. The proton can then dissociate from aspartic acid and move through the half-channel into the proton-poor matrix to restore the initial state. This dissociation is favored by the positive charge on a conserved arginine residue ( 210) in the a subunit.

The difference in the energy of photons was linked from protons to hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution. The energy-dependent biophysically constraints link microRNA-mediated cell type differentiation from the RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to the differences in all cell types in all individuals of all living genera.
See also: 18.4.5. ATP Synthase and G Proteins Have Several Common Features (with my emphasis)

In Chapter 15, we learned that the signaling properties of other members of this family, the proteins, depend on their ability to bind nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates with great kinetic tenacity. They do not exchange nucleotides unless they are stimulated to do so by interaction with other proteins. The binding-change mechanism of ATP synthase is a variation on this theme. The three different faces of the γ subunit of ATP synthase interact with the P-loop regions of the β subunits to favor the structures of either the NDP- or NTP-binding forms or to facilitate nucleotide release. The conformational changes take place in an orderly way, driven by the rotation of the γ subunit.

See for comparison:Jay R. Feierman:

Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

The MicroRNAome Strikes Back: A Sokalian hoax (10)

by with No Comment AdaptationsAutophagybiophotonicsCytosisDiseases & DisordersEcologyModel OrganismsRNA DirectedRNA-directed DNA methylationVariations
Linda Buck, Ben Feringa, Michael Gazzaniga, Christof Koch, Nick Lane and Svante Paabo are among the presenters who will almost undoubtedly discuss some or all of my claims.
Prepare to ask questions or intelligently discuss accurate representations of top-down causation by watching this:

The energy-dependent creation of the microRNAome protects the organized genomes of all living genera from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links mutations to all pathology.
See: The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression

MicroRNA present in mature sperm appears to not only be left over from spermatogenic processes, but may actually serve important regulatory roles in fertilization and early developmental processes. Further, our results indicate the possibility that environmental changes may impact the expression of specific miRNA.

See also: Dynamic control of chirality and self-assembly of double-stranded helicates with light
See for comparison: A Bioenergetic Basis for Membrane Divergence in Archaea and Bacteria (2014)

We conclude that the enzymes involved took these alternatives by chance in independent populations that had already evolved distinct ion pumps. Our model offers a quantitatively robust explanation for why membrane bioenergetics are universal, yet ion pumps and phospholipid membranes arose later and independently in separate populations. Our findings elucidate the paradox that archaea and bacteria share DNA transcription, ribosomal translation, and ATP synthase, yet differ in equally fundamental traits that depend on the membrane, including DNA replication.

The microRNA-mediated creation of enzymes is quantized energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by phosphorylation in the context of food energy and the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of all morphological and behavioral phenotypes in species from bacteria to primates. Membrane divergence in archaea occurs via the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which links the loss of quantized energy from mutations to all pathology. The degradation of the cell membrane links archaea to L-forms, the last remnant of the life of a cell. See: The Inner Life of the Cell (video)
See also: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor (2016)

We show here for the first time the crucial role of viruses in controlling archaeal dynamics and therefore the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems, and suggest that virus-archaea interactions play a central role in global biogeochemical cycles.

So far as I know, none of the people who are presenting at “The Future of Biology” meeting have linked Schroedinger’s claims from the past to what is known about the conserved molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in species from microbes to humans. Even if they are not evolutionary theorists, most have not linked the energy-dependent fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to increasing organismal complexity and some have even reversed what is known about top-down causation. For example, Nick Lane, like Gunter P. Wagner have used mathematical models of correlations.
See: Pervasive correlated evolution in gene expression shapes cell and tissue type transcriptomes
They start with this admission”

A major challenge for interpreting this data is that cell type transcriptomes may not evolve independently…

They seem to think they can use statistics and interpretations to address the challenge of facts about increasing organismal complexity.

Our study provides a statistical method to measure and account for correlated gene expression evolution when interpreting comparative transcriptome data.

See for comparison: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior and Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
The fact that what organisms eat has been linked from the food energy-dependent creation of enzymes, receptors, and hormones to the affect of hormones on behavior in all invertebrates and vertebrates was placed into the context of the cell biology game, Cytosis.

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

During the month of January (2018), 2831 people learned from my twitter profile about the domains RNA-mediated.com and Autophagy.pro and some of them learned from more than 100,000 impressions how energy must be linked to RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency by autophagy.
Jan 2018 Summary
Tweets
1,199
Tweet impressions
102,000
Profile visits
2,831
Mentions
71
New followers
29
 

Why do I have only 29 new followers? Are theorists really that scared? If so, how will they help to prevent the next viral apocalypse, if it has not already started before September, 2018?

See also:

If my claims about biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation are not discussed by Linda Buck, Ben Feringa, Michael Gazzaniga, Christof Koch, Nick Lane, and Svante Paabo others will have another example of what happens after a paradigm shift.

 In the past nothing happened because serious scientists failed to acknowledge this fact: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction. The article was co-authored by LInda Buck. There is no mention of mutations or evolution and Linda Buck is scheduled to present what can best be described as a refutation of neo-Darwinian evolution.

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

BiondVax Universal Flu Vaccine Patent

by with No Comment AdaptationsAlternative SplicingsAutophagyCytosisDiseases & DisordersEcologyModel OrganismsNutrigenomicsRNA DirectedRNA editingRNA interferenceRNA methylationRNA-directed DNA methylationRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expressionRNA-mediated gene silencingRNA-mediated toxicityRNA–Mediated Epigenetic HeredityVariations

Summary: …the dream to create an effective universal flu vaccine to ultimately eradicate the flu is placed into the context of claims about changes to the virus. The changes are energy-dependent ecological adaptations. No one claims that the virus mutates or that it evolves. Only biologically uninformed theorists make such ridiculous claims.
BiondVax Universal Flu Vaccine Patent Granted in India

The patent describes influenza vaccines comprised of multiple copies of several epitopes, such as M-001 which contains nine common and conserved influenza virus epitopes.

The use of the word epitope obfuscates cause and effect in the context of natural information processing, which is energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. If they used the term conserved amino acid substitutions more people might understand the fact the fixation of amino acid substitutions biophysically constrains viral latency. Who knows what epitopes are or what they do or how they do it?
See for comparison: Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing (Israel) and Generation of influenza A viruses as live but replication-incompetent virus vaccines, (China) which was reported as: Engineered virus has artificial amino acid allowing it to serve as a vaccine
Researchers in other countries, but not in the United States of America, have made scientific progress that helps to make sense of claims about energy-dependent natural information processing and RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions that biophysicaily constrain viral latency and typically prevent all pathology.
In this video, the dream to create an effective universal flu vaccine to ultimately eradicate the flu is placed into the context of claims about changes to the virus. The changes are energy-dependent ecological adaptations. No one claims that the virus mutates or that it evolves. Only biologically uninformed theorists make such ridiculous claims.

See for comparison: How to Build a Better Flu Shot (with my emphasis)
1) … the influenza virus has many rapidly mutating strains. And because the strains mutate so quickly…
2) …the mushroom head of hemagglutinin mutates rapidly, so antibodies against one type of head won’t work against a mutant version.
3) To infect the cell, the stalk of the hemagglutinin mushroom becomes completely rearranged from its normal state. “It’s a machine,” Krammer explains. “It doesn’t tolerate mutations well. If you introduce mutations, you destroy the machine, so the virus doesn’t like to change it.”
4) Other teams are testing headless stalks made by anchoring the stalk to a ferritin protein nanoparticle or by creating genetic mutations at the top, as potential vaccines too.
5) In a study published January 19 in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, virologist Ren Sun and colleagues identified eight genetic mutations that make the flu virus sensitive to a host cell’s interferons.
6) “The team was able to mutate this virus for interferon sensitivity without changing the immune response, which is a challenge.”
7) Fauci says one essential piece of information scientists need to build a universal flu vaccine is to understand how serial exposure to the virus and vaccination affects the immune system.
8) “This is what we call immunological imprinting. It’s controversial, but we need to know what the influence is to create a broadly effective flu vaccine,” Fauci says.
9) Understanding the effect of pre-existing immunity on virus evolution is also important, given that vaccination itself could influence how flu strains evolve, Fauci and colleagues note in a paper published last summer in Immunity
10) The paper describes a path toward making a universal flu vaccine. “I see this work falling into three buckets,” Fauci says. “There’s the bucket on antibody development, the bucket on boosting the immune response to flu, and finally the bucket on prior exposure and how that affects the immune system,” he says.
Fauci wants others to believe that viruses mutate and evolve but that immunological imprinting is controversial. He has many others to help people in the United States accept the claims about mutations and evolution and put the claims of serious scientists who understand the facts about immunological imprinting into the context of controversy.
My comment to The Scientist:

In this report from the NIH: Flu infection study increases understanding of natural immunity the focus on the change in the influenza virus was properly placed into context of energy-dependent changes in the virus, which are called ecological adaptations when they occur in human populations.

For example, one energy-dependent amino acid substitution causes increased virulence in the influenza virus, as clearly stated here: The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.

Simply put, all serious scientists know that viruses do not mutate and evolve. Viruses steal the energy that biophysically constrains viral latency and some humans in some human populations fail to ecologically adapt as quickly as others.

Is Fauci, or anyone else who made claims in the article from The Scientist, a serious scientist? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Serious scientists do not believe that mutations can be linked to evolution. That gives them an edge if they are working in other countries, but not the United States of America.
See how serious scientists in some countries will maintain their edge, and continue to put theorists from the United States of America to shame — along with all the so-called science journalists who report the nonsense about mutations and evolution.
Controversy over evolution in Israel (2010)

There are many people who don’t believe the evolutionary account is correct,” he was quoted as saying. “There are those for whom evolution is a religion and are unwilling to hear about anything else. Part of my responsibility, in light of my position with the Education Ministry, is to examine textbooks and curricula.”

See also: Israeli Middle Schools School to Include Theory of Evolution (2014)

 “…learning about evolution is not the primary function of the decision, but rather to use it as a building block for students to learn more about their ecology.”

Those who learn about ecology are less likely to make claims about mutations or evolution.
Turkish schools to stop teaching evolution, official says (2017)

The secular opposition has long argued that the government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is pursuing a covert Islamist agenda contrary to the republic’s founding values.

Does anyone in the United States think that the Trump administration is pursuing a covert Christian agenda?  If so, see:
Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

 

For God and Country

Enzyme-constrained interethnic diversity (8)

by with No Comment AdaptationsDiseases & DisordersEcologyHuman BrainHuman PheromonesRNA Directed

I am intrigued by the fact that I detailed the energy-dependent links to interethnic diversity in this blog post on the same day that the so-called science journalist Ed Yong placed everything known to serious scientists back into the context of neo-Darwinian evolution.
See for comparison to Ed Yong’s nonsense: “Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!”
Yong’s addendum:

*This article has been corrected to reflect the fact that Arc genes were co-opted by animals from a group of genes that also gave rise to retroviruses, and are not directly descended from retroviruses, as originally stated. We regret the error.

Retractions by Szostak reflect a similar theme.

In retrospect, we were totally blinded by our belief [in our findings]…we were not as careful or rigorous as we should have been (and as Tivoli was) in interpreting these experiments.

The food energy-dependent creation of Arc genes links the virus-driven theft of quantized energy to the creation of retroviruses, which are biophysically constrained by RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in the context of the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.
Something has gone horribly wrong in the context of respected scientist’s retractions and the addendums by science journalists who have failed to link ridiculous theories from top-down causation to biophysically constrained viral latency during the past two decades.
See for comparison:  The vibrational theory of olfaction for the win
John Hewitt will almost undoubtedly be the first science journalist to link the energy-dependent creation of enzymes from the sense of smell in bacteria to our visual perception of mass and energy.
Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception will then be linked to “The Darwin Code: Intelligent Design without God” and interethnic biodiversity via food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions.