Summary: I believe there is a bipartisan trend that links conservative Republicans to survival of the species, but I don’t know for sure what will happen to the liberal Democrats. And, I can’t prove it!
Helicity and chirality https://www.facebook.com/ed.unverricht/videos/10155506720828729/
See also: God’s shrinking role in salvation (2)
A Theory of Reality as More Than the Sum of Its Parts
“Causal emergence is a way of claiming that your agent description is really real,” said Hoel, a postdoctoral researcher at Columbia University who first proposed the idea with Larissa Albantakis and Giulio Tononi of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. “If you just say something like, ‘Oh, my atoms made me do it’ — well, that might not be true. And it might be provably not true.”
For comparison, see also: How concepts of God have developed: God’s shrinking role. God’s survival. Conclusions.
The chances of a given person belonging to God’s “true” religious institution is rather small. Some people are willing to accept this conclusion. However, most are quite certain that their faith tradition is the one that is God’s. Sadly, many find it quite difficult to extend equal human rights to members of other religions. A few are quite capable of denying human rights to, and even killing, those that they consider to be infidels in order to further what they perceive to be their God’s wishes.
See also the historical perspective on the de novo creation of energy-dependent biophysically constrained cell type differentiation in species from microbes to humans. This must be manifested in the context of helicity, chirality, autophagy, and chromosomal inheritance.
From fertilization to adult sexual behavior (1996) and The zinc spark is an inorganic signature of human egg activation (2016)
The historical perspective links the creation of sunlight to injections of adenosine for repair of damaged DNA via a “minimal gene signature.”
See for example: Cross-species gene modules emerge from a systems biology approach to osteoarthritis
Consensus modules established between species
To establish concordance and divergence in the network organization across the two species, consensus modules, modules shared by both networks, were derived from each species network using the weighted average of the two correlation matrices. In all, there were six consensus modules (C1–C6), Figs. 1b and 2b and Supplementary Figs. 4b and 5b. Functional annotation of the consensus modules included: “muscle system process” (C1), “oxidative phosphorylation” (C2), “cell cycle” (C3), “system development” (C4), and “immune system process” (C5).
For comparison, most theorists have traditionally used inferences of top-down causation to establish a consensus, which they tout in simple-minded claims that “evolution is true.” Here is a fact about the pathology of osteoarthritis.
Reported as: Cross-species links identified for osteoarthritis
OA [osteroarthritis] is the destruction of the tissues of the joints and affects more than half of individuals over 65 years old; it is the leading cause of joint pain and disability in the UK.
Animal models are often used to replicate human disease; the relevance and similarity between animal models of joint disease and human osteoarthritis has not been fully evaluated.
Researchers from the University’s Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, led by Senior Lecturer in Orthopaedic Sciences Dr Simon Tew, examined molecular messages produced by cartilage cells in both humans and rats.
The molecular messages, which the researchers extended across species also link the speed of light on contact with water to the energy-dependent de novo creation of all biodiversity on Earth.
See: New research explains hydrophobicity and A single ion impacts a million water molecules
See also: The interfacial structure of water droplets in a hydrophobic liquid, which was reported as: Water is surprisingly ordered on the nanoscale
Sunlight is also surprisingly ordered at the level of quantized energy. If it was not, serious scientists would not know how to link energy dependent changes from Ångströms to ecosystems in all living genera. Thank God, the information about water ordered on the nanoscale can now be linked from the color of the rainbow to all biodiversity on Earth via the physiology of reproduction.
Their surprising results have been published in Nature Communications. They pave the way to a better understanding of atmospheric, biological and geological processes.
Nanometric-sized water drops in the air as droplets or aerosols, in industrially produced medications, within rocks and oil fields, and within supercoiled DNA interact with changes in temperature in their hydrophobic environment. Simply put, that is the concept of how theromodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation are biophysically constrained by ecological adaptation to stress at different temperatures in different functional structures. At room temperature, water molecules at the surface of the droplets have stronger interactions than the water molecules in a normal water surface.
Does any of the above information surprise you? If so, see Water is surprisingly ordered on the nanoscale (discussion attempt)
This is not at all surprising enough to be published in Nature!! There have been many publications by the Bakker group since 2003/2005. In fact my own publication in JACS, PRL discusses such a phenomena at lipid membrane interfaces back in 2007/8. Wonder what’s going on. And a fun fact, Sylvie and I were colleagues for a short while in AMOLF!!
See also: Endogenous adenosine maintains cartilage homeostasis and exogenous adenosine inhibits osteoarthritis progression.
…adenosine, acting at A2AR, is an important homeostatic regulator of chondrocytes and cartilage and adenosine repletion may represent a novel approach to treating OA (Fig. 6).
Reported as: Rodents with trouble walking reveal potential treatment approach for most common joint disease
Important to the study’s implications, adenosine is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that stores the energy needed by the body’s cells until they break it up to use it. Scientists have known that both inflammation and aging lead to diminished ATP production (and so lower adenosine levels) in chondrocytes. Until now, they had not linked diminished adenosine levels to osteoarthritis, the commonplace, “wear-and-tear” form of arthritis.
The underlying gene regulatory mechanisms in osteoarthritis link injections of adenosine from A-to-I RNA editing via what is known about femtosecond blasts of UV light, which have been linked to the repair of DNA. Simply put, the injecting adenosine is like an injection of virucidal ultraviolet light.
These consensus modules (in reverse order) support the link from the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to:
“muscle system process” (C1),
“oxidative phosphorylation” (C2),
“cell cycle” (C3),
“system development” (C4),
and
“immune system process” (C5).
The energy-dependent de novo creation of the innate immune system is the only way to link the other consensus models from angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera via the functional structure of supercoiled DNA.
Others have helped to establish the consensus models by starting with the obvious link from the innate immune system in E. coli, which is a model organism of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptation. This model organism also links the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum in P. fluorescens to all biophysically constrained biodiversity on Earth via the sense of smell.
But, first see for comparison: Environment determines evolutionary trajectory in a constrained phenotypic space (2017)
reported as: Genetic mutation trade-offs lead to parallel evolution
In our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review of energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation, we included a section on molecular epigenetics and stated this:
Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans (Adler and Hajduk, 1994; de Bono, Zarkower, and Hodgkin, 1995; Ge, Zuo, and Manley, 1991; Green, 1991; Parkhurst and Meneely, 1994; Wilkins, 1995; Wolfner, 1988). That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.
One generation (~21 years) later, other serious scientists linked energy-dependent changes from angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera via what is known about biophysically constrained physiology of reproduction.
This journal report on parallel evolution preceded, but the news report on the evolutionary trajectory of genetic mutations, followed the publication of Mechanism of transmembrane signaling by sensor histidine kinases, which as reported as: Scientists investigate how the sense of smell works in bacteria. That is how, after-the-fact, the sense of smell in bacteria was placed back into the context of mutation-driven evolution.
This excerpt removed mutation-driven evolution from any further consideration by serious scientists.
…the signaling and inactive states differ only very slightly at the nitrate-binding site – by 0.5-1 angstroms, which is approximately one fifth of the size of the ion itself (1 angstrom is 10-10 meters). However, when this ion binds to the sensor, it causes huge changes in the protein: The helices of different monomers begin to move in different directions, like pistons. These “pistons” transmit the small change of 0.5-1 angstroms through the membrane, and their outer ends shift by approximately 2.5 angstroms in different directions. Inside the cell, in the HAMP domain, these shifts are converted into the rotation of two parts of NarQ relative to each other. Ultimately, the positions of the output helices change by as much as 7 angstroms, thus completing the signal transmission.
Serious scientists can compare the pseudoscientific nonsense about mutations and evolution to the accurate representation of how the sense of smell in bacteria links nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations from microbes to humans via signal transmission and an inorganic signature of human egg activation.
You can learn more about the energy-dependent spark that links the inorganic signature of gene activation in the human egg to adult sexual behavior in all living genera by learning more about cell biology,
You can learn more about the ignorance displayed by pseudoscientists who failed to learn anything about biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation by reading this article, which was co-authored by researchers I met during presentations at meetings of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences. Johan Lundström and
Mats Olsson are among the most biologically uninformed researchers I have encountered during those meetings. They demonstrate that fact by placing their recent study results into the context of neo-Darwinian nonsense.
See: Behavioral and neural correlates to multisensory detection of sick humans (subscription required)
A superadditive effect of olfactory–visual integration of sickness cues was found in the intraparietal sulcus, which was functionally connected to core areas of multisensory integration in the superior temporal sulcus and orbitofrontal cortex. Taken together, the results outline a disease-avoidance model in which neural mechanisms involved in the detection of disease cues and multisensory integration are vital parts.
If serious scientists attempt to tell people like this that God’s role in their salvation is clearly exemplified by the facts presented in Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants, the people would walk away as quickly as they have done when they passed by my poster sessions. Many other researchers have done that, and some professors have literally dragged their students away (lest they be unduly influenced by facts).
See for instance: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome
The findings confirm their earlier work suggesting that the majority of variants, including potentially harmful ones, were picked up during the past 5,000–10,000 years.
See also: Contamination of the genome by very slightly deleterious mutations: why have we not died 100 times over? (1995)
If substitutions at 10% of all nucleotide sites have selection coefficients within this range with the mean 10(-6), an average individual carries approximately 100 lethal equivalents. Some data suggest that a substantial fraction of nucleotides typical to a species may, indeed, be suboptimal. When selection acts on different mutations independently, this implies too high a mutation load. This paradox cannot be resolved by invoking beneficial mutations or environmental fluctuations. Several possible resolutions are considered, including soft selection and synergistic epistasis among very slightly deleterious mutations.
If natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality did not link what organisms eat to the de novo creation of receptors that link the metabolism of food to the pheromones the biophysically constrain energy-dependent biodiversity via the physiology of reproduction and chromosomal inheritance, all life on Earth would have dies 100 times over.
See for example: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game
A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!
If substitutions at 10% of all nucleotide sites have selection coefficients within this range with the mean 10(-6), an average individual carries approximately 100 lethal equivalents. Some data suggest that a substantial fraction of nucleotides typical to a species may, indeed, be suboptimal. When selection acts on different mutations independently, this implies too high a mutation load. This paradox cannot be resolved by invoking beneficial mutations or environmental fluctuations. Several possible resolutions are considered, including soft selection and synergistic epistasis among very slightly deleterious mutations.
Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality fits into the context of Darwin’s “conditions of life,” and biophysically constrained viral latency via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. That suggests all neo-Darwinists are among the “walking dead” who may or may not be here after the forthcoming viral apocalypse. They are not prepared to meet their Maker because they believe energy emerged and then they evolved from nothing, which automagically became everything from the inorganic to the organic.
For comparison, I believe there is a bipartisan trend that links conservative Republicans to survival of the species, but I don’t know for sure what will happen to the liberal Democrats. And, I can’t prove it!
