chemistry Archives - Scent of Eros

Subatomic: From thermophiles to humans (3)

February 13, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations

Summary: RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in species from insects to primates can be linked from claims about the lower percentage of food energy-dependent DNA methylation in Diet and cell size both affect queen-worker differentiation through DNA methylation in honey bees (Apis mellifera, Apidae) to the conclusion from “Cryo-electron tomography reveals that dynactin recruits a team of dyneins for processive motility.”
See also: Starfish reveal the origins of brain messenger molecules (February 9, 2016)

One of the neuropeptides found is similar to kisspeptin, a chemical that triggers the onset of puberty in humans.

The link from kisspeptin to GnRH helped to establish the link from food odors and pheromones to the RNA-mediated physiology of reproduction in all invertebrates and vertebrates.
Placing facts about neuropeptides into the context of human brain evolution thus seems to exemplify incredible ignorance of physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics.
See for comparison: The Importance of ncRNAs as Epigenetic Mechanisms in Phenotypic Variation and Organic Evolution
Conclusion:

The increasing number and diversity of these small and long ncRNAS in relation to the complexity and adaptability of living beings, explains that they have been paramount in complex biological processes and are not an evolutionary paradox.

The fact that miRNAs can be mobilized by the fluids of plants and animals, allows them to act at different distances to where they were transcribed, much like hormones or pheromones do. In addition, they can respond to environmental stimuli, favoring the adaptation of organisms through the modification of epigenetic marks and also a transgenerational inheredity and the evolution of species as part of a Neo-Lamarckian model.

There has never been a neo-Lamarkian model for the evolution of species. Lamarck put his observations into the context of Darwin’s “conditions of life.” If the conditions of life are met, ecological variation can be linked to food energy-dependent ecological adaptations. Only the bastardization of Darwin’s claims put natural selection for mutations first — when biologically uninformed theorist invented neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense.
SARCASM ALERT: Please do not tell anyone about this 2013 refutation of neo-Dawinism. Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
Excerpt:

The role of the microRNA/messenger RNA balance (Breen, Kemena, Vlasov, Notredame, & Kondrashov, 2012; Duvarci, Nader, & LeDoux, 2008; Griggs et al., 2013; Monahan & Lomvardas, 2012) in adaptive evolution will certainly be discussed in published works that will follow.

Conclusion:

…the model represented here is consistent with what is known about the epigenetic effects of ecologically important nutrients and pheromones on the adaptively evolved behavior of species from microbes to man. Minimally, this model can be compared to any other factual representations of epigenesis and epistasis for determination of the best scientific ‘fit’.

See for comparison. Others are making the same claims:
Modulation of miRNAs by Vitamin C in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

…identification of vitamin C-dependent microRNA regulation is important for understanding the basic mechanisms underlying BMSC differentiation and tissue engineering.

All cell type differentiation in all tissues of all species with tissues is energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. That fact is consistently thrown into the political ring of nonsense touted by theorists who attack the President of the United States.
See: Trump: Tell us about your flu shot

Why are so few Americans getting the flu vaccine? And why isn’t the CDC doing more to change that?

The CDC can do nothing. Intelligent people know that the flu virus adapts each season. The CDC will abandon their claims about mutations, which were linked to evolution. More people will be angry when they learn that only a single amino acid substitution can cause an adaption.
Trump-hating liberals may be forced to repurpose their anger and use it to rid the academic swamp of their idiot minions — the so-called science journalists who refused to join the serious scientists who are Combating Evolution to Fight Disease
Most of the anger will be directed toward biologically uninformed science journalists who have failed to present the facts about all virus-driven pathology. For example see: The Quest to End the Flu (2013)

New pandemics don’t come out of the blue. They evolve from viruses that infect animals—typically birds.

Pandemics “evolve” from viruses? What kind of so-called science journalist makes a claim like that?
Is Most of Our DNA Garbage? (March 5, 2015)

…junk DNA isn’t a sign of evolution’s failure. It is, instead, evidence of its slow and slovenly triumph.

The triumph is not slow and slovenly. One base pair change and fixation of one amino acid substitution is all that is required to start the process of ecological adaptation.
See for comparison: It’s time to put America’s health first

While the CDC neglected its mission here, Obama committed billions to build labs and train health personnel in Africa during the Ebola scare. Billions for a disease that killed only one person in the United States — and even he got infected elsewhere.

The so-called science journalists who also are Trump-haters have contributed to more unnecessary suffering and premature death than most people can begin to imagine. They spread their ignorance and hatred across the country and across the world. It is the pathology of their ignorance that must be removed if ever we are to put America’s health first. The first thing we must do, is rid ourselves of the unethical so-called science journalists.

Subatomic: From thermophiles to humans

February 9, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations What's in the News

A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. — Max Planck
Every great scientific truth goes through three stages. First, people say it conflicts with the Bible. Next they say it has been discovered before. Lastly they say they always believed it. — Louis Agassiz (1807-1873)
The claims of neo-Darwininan theorists and big bang cosmologists bastardized the scientific truth that he included in his “conditions of life.” The theorists made it appear that the greatest of all scientific truths did not come from the Bible because their ridiculous theories were nowhere to be found in the context of links from the creation of energy to the physiology of reproduction and all morphological and behavioral diversity on Earth.
See for comparison:

Subatomic

Subatomic is themed around the intersection of particle physics and chemistry! At it’s core, Subatomic is a deck-building game with a light Area Majority mechanic for end game points. Players start with a hand of Up Quarks, Down Quarks and Particle/Wave Duality cards, which they use to form protons, neutrons, and electrons. Players combine these subatomic particles to either build available Elements or buy even more powerful cards for their deck.

See also: Modulation of miRNAs by Vitamin C in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (Nutrients, February 8, 2018)

We hypothesized that vitamin C mediates these biological processes partially through miRNA regulation.

MiRNA regulation is quantized energy-dependent. The energy comes from the sun. Their hypothesis appears to be based on my claims in my invited review of nutritional epigenetics, which was returned without review by the guest editors of the journal “Nutrients.”
I linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from the claims in Schrodinger (1944) “What is life?” via the quantized energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and vitamin C.
See Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

The likelihood that hemoglobin variants are associated with other beneficial nutrient energy-dependent changes in microbiota populations in the gut can be considered in the context of how balanced nutrition, which includes access to endogenous vitamin C in human populations, supports efficient metabolism and ecological niche construction (McNulty, et al., 2011).

Nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on histone modifications and DNA methylation play an important role in stabilizing cell type identity and in orchestrating many developmental processes. For example, vitamin C appears to stimulate histone demethylases, which appear to alter the de novo creation of functional G protein-coupled genes such as olfactory receptor genes (Adipietro, Mainland, & Matsunami, 2012; Blaschke et al., 2013; Jazin & Cahill, 2010; Lyons et al., 2013; Tan, Zong, & Xie, 2013).

Researchers recently rediscovered a nutrient-dependent epigenetic variant that links vitamin C to what is probably a glucose and glucose dehydrogenase-dependent base pair change. The base pair change results in addition of a methyl group to a cytosine base, which takes on a hydroxyl group to form different 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmCs). Different 5hmCs are associated with differences in cell types that have the same genetic backgrounds. Nutrient-dependent epigenetically-marked bases help to explain how hundreds of cell types in the human body and in the brain (Kriaucionis & Heintz, 2009) are differentiated and how they maintain their glucose-dependent and other nutrient-dependent receptor-mediated identities (Wu et al., 2014).

Conclusion:

In the context of climate change and changes in diet, the story began with what probably was a nutrient-dependent base pair change and a variant epiallele that arose in a human population in what is now central China. Apparently, the effect of the epiallele was adaptive and it was manifested in the context of an effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth. In another mammal, such as the mouse, the effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth is probably due to a nutrient-dependent epigenetic effect on hormones responsible for the tweaking of immense gene networks that metabolize nutrients to pheromones. The pheromones appear to control the nutrient-dependent epigenetically-effected hormone-dependent organization and hormone-activation of reproductive sexual behavior in mammals such as mice and humans, but also in invertebrates and in microbes as previously indicated.The ecological adaptations, which appear to be manifested in the human population are detailed in these two reports (Grossman, et al., 2013; Kamberov, et al., 2013).

The ecological adaptations are likely to be nutrient-dependent and pheromone-controlled. If so, ecological variation probably leads to ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction, which is manifested in increasing organismal complexity and species diversity. If not, there may be something as yet unknown about mutations and evolution that makes sense in the light of what is known about nutritional epigenetics and the molecular biology of species from microbes to man.

…our study demonstrates that NONO post-transcriptionally coordinates circadian mRNA expression of metabolic genes with the feeding/fasting cycle, thereby playing a critical role in energy homeostasis.

Reported as: Researchers discover how liver responds so quickly to food

“After mice eat, it looks as if NONO brings all these RNAs together and processes them so they can be used to make proteins,” says Panda.

Panda linked what serious scientists know about food energy-dependent RNA interference to autophagy, which protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA and all mutations, which have been linked to all pathology.
See: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (video 6.46 minutes)
See also: Untangling Neurodegenerative Diseases using Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Wednesday, February 7, 2018 12PM EST (available on demand with registration)

Everything I claimed about the need to link microRNAs to RNA-mediated amino acid substitution ins proteins was included in the context of this Webinar

Within the first 10 minutes, the speaker describes the ability to link specific amino acids to the structure of the protein strand, which allows for the differentiation of pathology from healthy longevity.

Within the first 17 minutes, he links energy-dependent changes in hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution from microtubules to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Lewy Body Disease, and ALS.

He adds that others who are interested in his approach may contact him and he many help them to refine their approach.

Simply put, he does not seem to be among a group of competitors with interests that might prevent the dissemination of accurate information or to prevent rapid scientific advances linked from preventative medicine to Precision Medicine via cryo-EM technology.

Keep in mind the fact that Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (1973), and this claim:

…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla.

Refine your approach to include this fact: Humans And Chimps Differ At Level Of Gene Splicing (2007)

Splicing is the process by which the coding regions of genes are joined to generate genetic messages that specify the production of proteins, the key structural and functional constituents of cells. Splicing can occur in alternative ways in the same genetic message to generate more than one type of protein. The new findings reveal that the alternative splicing process differs significantly between humans and chimpanzees.

See also: Tissue-Specific Alternative Splicing Remodels Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (2012)
Stop touting ridiculous theories before everyone who understands the fact that cryo-EM links everything known to serious scientists about the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from the physiology of reproduction to healthy longevity. Only then will you begin to understand how the virus-driven theft of quantized energy links the degradation of messenger RNA from mutations to all pathology.
Teach your children well. If you teach them to believe in ridiculous theories, your hell will become theirs. Alzheimer’s is a form of hell on Earth, for example.

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young – Teach Your Children

Here Comes the Sun: A Tribute to George Harrison by Paul Simon, Crosby and Grahm Nash

A reversible TCA cycle in a thermophile

February 8, 2018

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic What's in the News

Make no mistake, pseudoscientists have stolen the soul of science for more than 20 years, with their ridiculous claims about mutations and evolution.
For comparison, see:

“…considering that we have just 3 such round Nos ‘100’ ‘1000’ ‘10000’, its just three out of all realistic possibilities, no? Admit its looks cool just bec. we calc in Dec system. History books claims was invented by ancient societies; but I think its evolution: We have 10 fingers!”

My reply (SARCASM ALERT):

Thanks. The correlations are intriguing. Templeton funding might help you prove that the numbers game of evolution is true in the context of Cosmopsychism. With enough correlations, facts that link physics and chemistry to viral latency can be dismissed.

Thanks to the Ralser lab for bringing this to my attention with a claim about:
A reductive TCA cycle in a thermophile, which uses the same citrate synthase [enzyme] both for the oxidative and the reductive directionality.

“Every day it looks more likely that primoridial and modern metabolism look similar”

A link was provided to: A primordial and reversible TCA cycle in a facultatively chemolithoautotrophic thermophile

…raises the possibility of a facultatively chemolithomixotrophic origin of life.

Has anyone else considered that possibility?
I tried to look at it from the perspective of chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism and electron-eating microbes that enzymatically (not automagically) create uranium isotopes, but I got side-tracked by the claims about mutations and evolution. I could not link those claims from the physiology of reproduction in microbes to claims that link the metabolism of food energy to pheromones that biophysically constrain viral latency in species from microbes to humans.

Now, the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in electron-eating microbes that create uranium isotopes suggests the same thing that the Ralser lab suggested: SARCASM ALERT: “It’s turtles all the way down” (the infinite regress problem in cosmology).Unless, like the folks at the Ralser Lab, you are a serious scientist.

The problem for pseudoscientists, theorists, and many so-called science journalists may be familiar to those at the Ralser lab. McEwen et al., (1964) reported “The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.” All serious scientists know “ATP controls the crowd.”

These findings suggest an additional way for cells to use ATP to maintain proteostasis in the crowded cytoplasm and also fine-tune the material properties of nonmembrane-bound organelles and the cell interior in general.

Obviously, there are now several groups of serious scientists that can make fun of all the pseudoscientists and so-called science journalists who have failed to link physics and chemistry to biophysically constrained viral latency via energy-dependent changes in base pairs in species from thermophiles to those that create uranium isotopes. But Kudos to the first group, or one of the first, to do that:

12/10/14 All about that base and Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA 10/12/15

Sarcasm Alert: I hope that claims about the emergence of energy and mutation-driven evolution did not confuse others as much as they confused so-called science journalists such as John Hewitt, Philip C. Ball, Carl Zimmer, and many others.
When you see the facts reported by an intelligent science journalist, please tell others about the claims that link the creation of energy from the game “Subatomic” to biophysically constrained viral latency in “Cytosis.” Comparisons will be made. It will become clearer that pseudoscientists, theorists and many others have lost their games.
See for example: Attacked from All Sides: RNA Decay in Antiviral Defense

…RNA decay machinery plays important roles in antiviral defense. This can involve either direct effects on vRNA stability or indirect regulation of the intracellular milieu. Furthermore, an emerging theme suggests that many RNA binding proteins can be repurposed from their endogenous roles in the nucleus to antiviral roles in the cytoplasm. Future studies are necessary to further elucidate how these RNA binding…

…proteins recognize foreign RNAs and how they interface with the RNA decay machinery to restrict vRNA replication.”

Alternatively, everyone can simply accept the fact that food energy typically restricts the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, and tell all the pseudoscientists and so-called science journalists where to put their pseudoscientific nonsense (e.g., where the sun don’t shine).
For example: Is the Universe a conscious mind?

Cosmopsychism might seem crazy, but it provides a robust explanatory model for how the Universe became fine-tuned for life

For comparison: A Big Bang in spliceosome structural biology and Alternative splicing and the evolution of phenotypic novelty
But remember to link the claims about the evolution of phenotypic novelty to the missing claims about behavior, and see the claims made by Bruce McEwen and Martin Picard in:
Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Conceptual Framework (Part 1)

Mitochondria, a subcellular organelle with its own genome, produce the energy required for life and generate signals that enable stress adaptation. An emerging concept proposes that mitochondria sense, integrate, and transduce psychosocial and behavioral factors into cellular and molecular modifications. Mitochondrial signaling might in turn contribute to the biological embedding of psychological states.

Reported as: Cellular ‘powerhouses’ may explain health effects of stress
in the same context as Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Systematic Review (Part 2)

Evidence from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies also suggest additional layers of regulation by which stressful experiences may alter mitochondrial components among rodents. Although these metabolites, protein composition, and gene expression outcomes do not reflect the functionality of mitochondria, when assessed in parallel with functional outcomes, they will help explain and refine our understanding of the mechanisms by which stress influences mitochondrial function and health. In addition, whereas functional changes should be regarded as primary indicators of MAL (21), stress-induced molecular changes within mitochondria may also reflect compensatory mechanisms or recalibrations that contribute to long-term changes in mitochondrial function and to the accumulation of MAL. [mitochondrial allostatic load (MAL)]

Subatomic: An Atom Building Board Game

A deck-building game where particle physics & chemistry collide! Use quarks to build subatomic particles & those particles build Atoms!

Review: Subatomic
See also: Self-evident: Contrary to recent opinion, there is such a thing as the self, and it is empirically amenable to scientific investigation
It has been investigated at every level of investigation that links quantum physics from quantum chemistry to quantum souls in the context of what is known to all serious scientists about biophysically constrained energy-dependent protein folding chemistry that protects supercoiled DNA from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which links mutations to all pathology.
Conclusion (from self-evident):

The multitudinous self mediates scientific explanations of the complexity of real people with and without mental disorders. It also provides resources for enhancing the moral agency that permits people to flourish. For me, flourishing is simply the development of a person’s psychological and social skills in engagement with herself and with others, in the face of the challenges triggered by her physical, social and psychological environment. If we know the characteristics of the self, we might be able to improve the lives of those whose self-experiences are not conducive to flourishing. The self is not an idle concept, either scientifically or ethically; it organises human experience and proliferates moral possibilities. So, yes, know thyself. Every single part.

See: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Parenthetically it is interesting to note even the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a gene-based equivalent of sexual orientation (i.e., a-factor and alpha-factor physiologies). These differences arise from different epigenetic modifications of an otherwise identical MAT locus (Runge and Zakian, 1996; Wu and Haber, 1995).

Make no more mistakes, pseudoscientists have stolen the soul of science for more than 20 years, with their ridiculous claims about mutations and evolution.

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

Mouse morphs and primate diversity in 50 years

December 7, 2017

Excerpt:

Analysis of the crystal structure of deer mouse Hb at 1.8 Å resolution (24, 25) revealed that each of the eight rHb mutants is characterized by a unique constellation of hydrogen bonds within and between subunits (Table 2 and fig. S2). Additional hydrogen bonds between subunits of the same αβ dimer are formed in the presence of β128Ser (an L-type residue; fig. S2), which contributes to the observed epistasis between allelic α- and β-chain variants.

———————————
Energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency (i.e., silencing of viral elements) protects all organized genomes from the degradation of messenger RNA that links mutations to all pathology. The mutations are caused by nutritional stress and/or social stress. That fact has been known to all serious scientists for at least 50 years. But see:
Silencing of viral elements: A cure for schizophrenia? ARTICLE Provisionally accepted

1. The problem.
Scientific evidence for various infectious agents as cause for psychosis in schizophrenia is not robust. Many pathogens that influence brain development might play a role in disease causation. It has been shown that influenza exposure before birth(Brown, 2012), exposure to herpes simplex during birth(Brown et al., 2011) or exposition to Toxoplasma gondii and other pathogens (Arias et al., 2012) increases risk for schizophrenia and/or compromises cognition. During psychosis viral and also ancient retroviral elements become may activated in the brain(Karlsson et al., 2001; Perron et al., 2012). The implication of this research for use in clinical practice is ambiguous, because a robust virus test is lacking.

Examples of human idiocy are the problem. See for comparison:

QuEBS workshop has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. This field has been developed in Lithuania for more than 20 years already. The beginnings could be associated with a series of “Light-harvesting Physics” international conferences, which were held in Lithuania (in Preila, 1992 and 1994, and in Birštonas, 1996). During these conferences, discussion of notable scientists and pioneers of Quantum Biology, such as Graham R. Fleming, Shaul Mukamel, Rienk van Grondelle, Richard Cogdell, Alfred Holzwarth and others, established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.

Every aspect of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated life on Earth has refuted the pseudoscientific nonsense about emergence and evolution.

As climate warms, mice morph

Biologists document changes in teeth and skull structure in two species in southern Quebec over past 50 years

The ridiculous claim that the fixed amino acid substitutions were adaptive mutations proves how little the authors understand about biophysically constrained viral latency.

Excerpt 1)

“Biologists document changes in teeth and skull structure in two species in southern Quebec over past 50 years

Excerpt 2)

“These changes may be related to a dietary shift caused by climate change, combined with competition for food resources between the two species of mice, according to the researchers.”

All serious scientists know that food energy biophysically constrains the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction, which links the fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to cell type differentiation in all living genera.

We have now arrived at the claims of biologically uninformed science idiots who tell us that two different species evolved in 50 years.

Excerpt 3)

“One question that remains to be settled is whether the changes are genetic, and will be passed on to future generations — actual evolution — or whether they represent “plasticity,” the capacity of some species to adjust to rapid environmental change.”

The facts about the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of healthy longevity for comparison to virus-driven pathology have been exquisitely detailed. All serious scientists have dispensed with the nonsense that questions the capacity of some species to adjust to rapid environmental change. Ecological variation must be linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation that link fixation of amino acid substitutions to the morphological and behavioral phenotypes of all individuals and all species on Earth.

See for instance, on the same day that my 2013 refutation of Nei’s pseudoscientific nonsense about Mutation-driven evolution was published, this also was published: Epistasis Among Adaptive Mutations in Deer Mouse Hemoglobin

Epistasis is food energy-dependent. The energy must be biophysically constrained in the context of the physiology of pheromone-controlled transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The creation of energy in a hydrogen atom was linked from the anti-entropic virucidal effect of sunlight to the stability of the organized genome of mice by hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution and differences in the hemoglobin molecule of ecologically adapted species.

Exposing the 2nd Law to more ridicule (1)

December 6, 2017

Summary: Experiment demonstrates quantum mechanical effects from biological system

After 1944, Richard P. Feynman took a stand against the human idiocy, and lost. He was not killed, just ignored.

Ignorance prevails. It always has. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA ensures that organized genomes continue to become less organized and that biologically uninformed theorists continue to tout pseudoscientific nonsense.

New Genes and Functional Innovation in Mammals 21 July 2017

We identify several previously described cases of genes originated de novo from noncoding genomic regions, supporting the idea that this mechanism frequently underlies the evolution of new protein-coding genes in mammals. Finally, we show that most young mammalian genes are preferentially expressed in testis, suggesting that sexual selection plays an important role in the emergence of new functional genes.

Reported as: Genes identified that distinguish mammals from other animals 4 December 2017

They have also identified antimicrobial peptides, which participate in the body’s defence against pathogens.

The energy-dependent creation of “…antimicrobial peptides, which participate in the body’s defence against pathogens” already was linked from the sense of smell in bacteria to the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and biophysically constrained viral latency, which protects all organized genomes from the degradation of messenger RNA. False assumptions about entropy for comparison to experimental evidence of the de novo creation of genes have been placed into the context of the “arrow of time.”

Scientists Experimentally Demonstrate the “Reversal of the Arrow of Time” 4 December 2017

Through a remarkable experiment, an international team of scientists has found that it is possible to reverse the arrow of time without violating the second law of thermodynamics.

Pseudoscientists need no longer consider anything that cannot be linked to this experimental evidence of top-down energy-dependent causation and biophysically constrained viral latency/genomic entropy. Thank God, nothing but experimental evidence of the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight has ever been considered by those who have linked feedback loops from odors and pheromones to all biodiversity on Earth.
See: QuEBS workshop

…has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. This field has been developed in Lithuania for more than 20 years already. The beginnings could be associated with a series of “Light-harvesting Physics” international conferences, which were held in Lithuania (in Preila, 1992 and 1994, and in Birštonas, 1996). During these conferences, discussion of notable scientists and pioneers of Quantum Biology, such as Graham R. Fleming, Shaul Mukamel, Rienk van Grondelle, Richard Cogdell, Alfred Holzwarth and others, established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.

Quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems have been linked from the de novo creation of sunlight to answers about all biophysically constrained biodiversity via Schrodinger’s What is Life? (1944).

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.) (pp. 73 and 74)

See for comparison: 7/25/13 Jay R. Feierman:

Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.

See also: What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy (video) 30 Mar 2016

The anti-entropic force of virucidal ultraviolet light links guanine–cytosine (G⋅C) Watson–Crick base pairing from hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to supercoiled DNA, which protects the organized genomes of all living genera from virus-driven entropy. For example, protection of DNA from permanent UV damage occurs in the context of photosynthesis and nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to DNA repair. In the context of thermodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation, DNA repair enables the de novo creation of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Olfactory receptor genes are GPCRs. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes links chemotaxis and phototaxis from foraging behavior to social behavior in species from microbes to humans. Foraging behavior links ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of this atoms to ecosystems model of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Protein folding chemistry links nutrient-dependent microRNAs from microRNA flanking sequences to energy transfer and cell type differentiation in the context of adhesion proteins, and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy.

See for comparison: On causal roles and selected effects: our genome is mostly junk December 5, 2017

The idea that much of our genome is irrelevant to fitness—is not the product of positive natural selection at the organismal level—remains viable.

Conclusion:

That is to say, many of our uniquely human traits are probably the contingent products of drift and historical accidents—they make us us, but were not selected to have that, or necessarily any, effect. So we are back to Ohno’s conundrum. If lungfishes have junk, or at the least extraordinarily weakly or diffusely functional DNA in their genomes, why is it that we think we do not?

The concept of “junk DNA” is inconsistent with anything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency. Feedback loops link top-down causation to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction via RNA-mediated fixation of amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of all living genera.
See: Understanding and accounting for relational context is critical for social neuroscience
My comment: New data on how genetic predispositions are epigenetically linked to phenotypically distinct neuroanatomy and behaviors is provided in the honeybee model. Across-species comparisons from insects to vertebrates clearly show that the epigenetic influence of food odors and pheromones continues throughout the life of organisms that collectively survive whereas individuals do not. These comparisons also attest to the relative salience of sensory input from the rearing environment. For example, when viewed from the consistency of animal models and conditioned behaviors, food odors are obviously more important to food selection than is our visual perception of food. Animal models affirm that food odor makes food either appealing or unappealing. Animal models reaffirm that it is the pheromones of other animals that makes them either appealing or unappealing.
“Socioaffective neuroscience and psychology may progress more quickly by keeping these apparent facts in mind: Olfaction and odor receptors provide a clear evolutionary trail that can be followed from unicellular organisms to insects to humans (Keller et al., 2007; Kohl, 2007; Villarreal, 2009; Vosshall, Wong, & Axel, 2000).”

— Kohl, JV (2012) Human pheromones and food odors: epigenetic influences on the socioaffective nature of evolved behaviors Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 2012 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24693349

George F R Ellis This is absolutely correct and forms part of the larger concept that top-down causation is a key factor not just in the way the brain works but in broader contexts in biology and even physics. This is explored here: [Top-down causation: an integrating theme within and across the sciences?] http://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/1.toc 25 Apr 2014 at 07:49am
See also: What Bacteria Can Tell Us About Human Evolution December 5, 2017

See for comparison: Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing
The link from biological light-harvesting systems to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans exemplifies everything known to serious scientists about biophysically constrained viral latency, which links ecological variation to ecological adaptations in the context of physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics. The facts refute all neo-Darwinian nonsense and the nonsense touted by “Big Bang” cosmologists.
Sunlight is quantized energy as information and it is virucidal.
See also: Generation of photonic entanglement in green fluorescent proteins

…our prepared state is free from environmental decoherence because of the protective β-barrel structure that encapsulates the fluorophore in the protein. Our photonic entanglement generation and characterization indicate that the SFWM process in EGFP is a promising quantum process for developing quantum spectroscopic techniques and quantum-enhanced measurements in biological materials.

Reported as: Experiment demonstrates quantum mechanical effects from biological system

Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology.

Schrödinger (1944) linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in soil bacteria to all biodiversity. He then began to suspect that his colleagues, who displayed human idiocy, would kill him.
After 1944, Richard P. Feynman took a stand against human idiocy, and lost. He was not killed, just ignored.

Ignorance prevails. It always has. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA ensures that organized genomes continue to become less organized and that biologically uninformed theorists continue to tout pseudoscientific nonsense.

See for comparison: Microbiome-Centric Human Health: A Call for Systems Biology
Stop calling for more microbiome-centric systems biology and link what is known about energy-dependent changes in electrons to ecosystems in all living genera via pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)] 1994

A study of the influence of pheromone stressor(s) on proliferating germ and somatic cells was performed on laboratory lines of house mouse in the context of the physiological hypothesis of mutation process, proposed by M.E. Lobashev in 1947. Data from experiments are presented, and results obtained during last 10-15 years are discussed. The adaptive role of cytogenetic and other observed pheromonal effects is considered. The possible existence of interorganism systems of genetic regulation is discussed, the search for and study of which may help in more complete understanding of the regularities of functioning of genetic material.

Loss of energy as information (1)

October 24, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations What's in the News

Summary: Koonin claims that the theories of population geneticists have replaced what he calls the just-so stories of adaptationists with testable predictions. He claims that serious scientists should attempt to falsify the ridiculous theories touted by people like him, so that the ongoing use of ridiculous mathematical models can improve our understanding of evolution.
I think Koonin may be attempting to address the concerns brought forward after another biologically uninformed science idiot claimed that my refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense was “…an unsupported challenge to modern evolutionary theory and misrepresentations of established scientific terms and others’ research.”
See for comparison: In modern discourse, …[Bonini’s] paradox was articulated by John M. Dutton and William H. Starbuck^[2]

“As a model of a complex system becomes more complete, it becomes less understandable. Alternatively, as a model grows more realistic, it also becomes just as difficult to understand as the real-world processes it represents” (Computer Simulation of Human Behaviour, 1971).

The difficulty of understanding “real-world” processes has since been placed into the context of: Building Blocks of Life May Have Formed in Water Droplets
From the journal article: Abiotic production of sugar phosphates and uridine ribonucleoside in aqueous microdroplets

…we show that sugar phosphates and a ribonucleoside form spontaneously in microdroplets, without enzymes or an external energy source.

My comment to The Scientist:

Something seems to be missing from what others may believe about the anti-entropic virucidal energy-dependent creation of life.

See for instance: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

That suggests there is no such thing as “abiotic production.” It is more likely that Schrodinger (1944) was correct:

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.) (pp. 73 and 74)

The authors linked the quantized energy-dependent creation of the sense of smell in bacteria from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to all biophysically constrained biodiversity in the context of the space-time continuum and our visual perception of energy and mass.

…our results unequivocally show that duplication of protein segments happens both above and below the domain level among amino acid segments of diverse lengths. Indeed, we show that significant evolutionary information is lost when the protein is approached as a string of domains.

Duplication of protein segments is energy-dependent.
Concluding sentence:

“…the principles presented here and the computational pipeline could facilitate the detection of such peptides. Relating themes to biological functions, such as binding of ligands, nucleic acids, and proteins, may also facilitate this effort, offering a perspective on the evolution of protein function.”

Protein function is energy-dependent. No experimental evidence of biophysically constrained biologically-based cause and effect suggests that protein function “evolved” outside the context of what is known about the sun’s energy. The detection of all energy-dependent links from electrons to ecosystems via peptides has shown that the functional structure of supercoiled DNA is RNA-mediated and biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

The physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction biophysically constrains the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that serious scientists have linked from mutations to all pathology.

See: [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)]

For a perspective on the coevolution of protein function and speciation during the past 6000 years, see: Genome divergence and diversification within a geographic mosaic of coevolution

Our results further characterize a striking example of coevolution driving speciation within perhaps as little as 6000 years.

Did coevolution (aka ecological adaptation, aka evolutionary adaptation) drive all speciation during the past 6000 years? If so, what drove adaptive evolution?

See: January 10, 2013 Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants

We estimate that approximately 73% of all protein-coding SNVs and approximately 86% of SNVs predicted to be deleterious arose in the past 5,000–10,000 years. The average age of deleterious SNVs varied significantly across molecular pathways, and disease genes contained a significantly higher proportion of recently arisen deleterious SNVs than other genes.

If protein function “evolved,” what limited the number of deleterious mutations that arose in the past 5,000–10,000 years?

For the most likely answer, see: Base-pair opening dynamics of the microRNA precursor pri-miR156a affect temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis

If the base-pair openings and closings of dynamic microRNA precursor pri-miR156a processing can be linked to all energy-dependent healthy longevity during the past 6,000 years via the physiology of reproduction in plants, will cryo-EM imaging reveal the overwhelming amount of pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwinian theorists and other biologically uninformed science idiots?

Replication is food energy-dependent, and current technology now attests to the comment Richard Feynman made about “human idiocy.”

INFORM YOURSELF

Predicting who wins the 2017 Nobel Prizes

October 2, 2017

by James Kohl with 4 Comments Adaptations Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing Variations

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 will be announced on Monday 2 October, 11:30 a.m. at the earliest.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 will be announced on Tuesday 3 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 will be announced on Wednesday 4 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest.
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 According to tradition, the Swedish Academy will set the date for its announcement later.
The Nobel Peace Prize 2017 will be announced on Friday 6 October, 11:00 a.m.

My Predictions

Wen Zhou wins the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

See: Why the First Drawings of Neurons Were Defaced by R. Douglas Fields

Even in this age of electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, his drawings retain their power to inspire and inform. While I was at the institute, Toledano opened one of the black boxes of glass microscope slides and held up a histological section of human brain cut and stained by Cajal at the turn of the 20th century. “This one I used in my new paper on senile dementia,” he said with a smile.

See for comparison: Link to Little-known nerve may be secret to lust

“You take those facts and form a hypothesis, and that’s exactly where we are,” he said.

Fields has supporters, among them James Kohl, co-author of “The Scent of Eros,” a book on pheromones.

“He’s right on,” Kohl said. “We have known there is some physical link, but [nerve zero] really helps to define it. Maybe a lot of neuroscientists don’t know about it, but people who study the olfactory system and pheromones see that and say that’s really important.”

Here’s exactly where we are 10 years later: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception
My summary: The sense of smell in bacteria has been linked from their energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the time-space continuum. Their findings and the findings of all serious scientists suggest that neural energy represents a warped perception of time in the context of multisensory input at subsecond scales.
The reality of the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum in P. fluorescens attests to the fact that all neo-Darwinian theories will be eliminated when Wen Zhou wins the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Gianmarc Grazioli wins the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics

m1A and m1G disrupt A-RNA structure through the intrinsic instability of Hoogsteen base pairs
Reported as: DNA’s dynamic nature makes it well-suited to serve as the blueprint of life
By linking energy-dependent changes from physics and chirallity to the RNA-mediated stability of base pairs,Gianmarc Grazioli crossed the disciplines that Wen Zhou crossed to win her Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
See also: Chemists know (parody)
See also: RNA Structural Modules Control the Rate and Pathway of RNA Folding and Assembly

Mutations that destabilize native P5abc decrease the assembly rate up to 100-fold.

Lynn Zechiedrich wins the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

See: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA
Zechiedrich has linked the energy-dependent transfer of hydrogen atoms in DNA base pairs in solution from quantum physics to chemistry and the functional structure of DNA via RNA-directed DNA methylation and fixation of amino acid substitutions that differentiate all cell types in all living genera in the context of their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.
See also: All about that base (parody)

Bruce McEwen wins the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize

Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

Bruce McEwen has since helped others to link nutrient-stress and social stress from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to amino acid substitutions in the context of the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction. For example, the substitution of one amino acid in the cell types of mammals protects them from the virus-driven energy theft that links amino acid substitutions in viruses to all pathology. McEwen’s works are the only known works of a serious scientist who has continued to refute the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwinian theorists since before 1964.
He will receive the “Peace Prize” for helping to establish and reestablish the fact that all organisms must forage and find food or they do not become part of a species. And, no organism has ever mutated into an organism that became a member of another species. That fact will lead to world peace if all those who are ecologically adapted to life in their energy-dependent ecosystems eat the most nutritious foods they can find and avoid eating too much. Eating too much causes the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links excess energy to the proliferation of viruses that typically is constrained by food and pheromones.
See for comparison: Dr. David Sinclair, Discoverer of Anti-aging NAD Fad, Speaks About Human Trials of NMN

DNA damage, if not repaired, is a significant cause of the diseases of aging such as declining energy levels, cancer, chronic inflammation and a host of other diseases. Unfortunately, our body’s natural DNA repair mechanisms decline with age. Boosting our DNA repair mechanisms could help us ward off the chronic illnesses of old age, such as flagging energy levels, chronic inflammation, and cancer. If NAD boosting with NMN supplementation repairs human DNA, it could be one of the greatest anti-aging and disease-preventing inventions of all time.

A conserved NAD+ binding pocket that regulates protein-protein interactions during aging NADH stands for “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H). The virus-driven theft of quantized energy has been linked from the degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology by serious scientists who do not make claims that the facts about energy-dependent healthy longevity have not been linked from viruses to all pathology. Serious scientists link hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to all biodiversity via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction, which biophysically constrains viral latency.

Greg Bear wins the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature

He predicted everything known about biophysically constrained viral latency in a series of novels that started with “Blood Music” (1985) and continued with “Darwin’s Radio” (1999), “Darwin’s Children” (2003) and Quantico (2006). The fact that he followed in the footsteps of the 1930 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, will be mentioned in the context of claims by Sinclair Lewis about viruses in bacteria that have since been linked to all pathology via the theft of quantized energy.
See also: Relating protein functional diversity to cell type number identifies genes that determine dynamic aspects of chromatin organisation as potential contributors to organismal complexity
See for comparison: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Yet another kind of epigenetic imprinting occurs in species as diverse as yeast, Drosophila, mice, and humans and is based upon small DNA-binding proteins called “chromo domain” proteins, e.g., polycomb. These proteins affect chromatin structure, often in telomeric regions, and thereby affect transcription and silencing of various genes (Saunders, Chue, Goebl, Craig, Clark, Powers, Eissenberg, Elgin, Rothfield, and Earnshaw, 1993; Singh, Miller, Pearce, Kothary, Burton, Paro, James, and Gaunt, 1991; Trofatter, Long, Murrell, Stotler, Gusella, and Buckler, 1995).

"Evolution of Man. - Undoubtedly there once lived upon the earth races of men who were much lower in their mental organization than the present inhabitants.

Science vs Secularism: Molecular Mechanisms or Math?

September 7, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation Variations What's in the News

Summary: An example from ancient knowledge of trigonometry links pattern recognition as the basis for the science of creationism, and pattern recognition also is the basis for molecular biology.
What form of virus-driven pathology would you most like to see eliminated from future consideration by serious scientists who know how energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs? In any case, a PubMed search for microRNA and your disease of choice will be enlightening. See for example: microRNA + Alzheimer’s or microRNA + fragile X syndrome; Parkinson’s disease; diabetes; cancer; malaria; and/or other human diseases
See: Are scientists who speak out against religion hurting science? for discussion of Why religion is not going away and science will not destroy it

…science needs all the friends it can get. Its advocates would be well advised to stop fabricating an enemy out of religion, or insisting that the only path to a secure future lies in a marriage of science and secularism.

Serious scientists have met the enemies of science. One of them is the author of Quantum common sense

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

More than 64,000 indexed publications on the PubMed site attest to the fact that the energy-dependent de novo creation of plant microRNAs is linked to all healthy longevity via the food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans. Experimentally established facts about the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA are linked to all pathology via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance.

See: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

What form of virus-driven pathology would you most like to see eliminated from future consideration by serious scientists who know how energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs? In any case, a PubMed search for microRNA and your disease of choice will be enlightening. See for example: microRNA + Alzheimer’s or microRNA + fragile X syndrome; Parkinson’s disease; diabetes; cancer; malaria; and/or other human diseases
Role of miRNAs in development and disease: Lessons learnt from small organisms

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small (18-22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and many other small organisms have been instrumental in deciphering the biological functions of miRNAs. While some miRNAs from small organisms are highly conserved across the taxa, others are organism specific. The miRNAs are known to play a crucial role during development and in various cellular functions such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The miRNAs associated with fragile X syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, cancer, malaria, infectious diseases and several other human diseases have been identified from small organisms. These organisms have been used as platforms in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of human diseases and to study miRNA biogenesis. Small organisms have also been used in the development of miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. The molecular techniques such as genome sequencing, northern blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR, have been used in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in small organisms. How miRNAs from small organisms especially those from Drosophila and C. elegans regulate development and disease pathogenesis is the focus of this review. The outstanding questions raised by our current understanding are discussed.

See for comparison: Quantum Theory Rebuilt From Simple Physical Principles by Philip Ball

“What is needed is new mathematics that will render these notions scientific,” he said. Then, perhaps, we’ll understand what we’ve been arguing about for so long.”

I do not believe that new mathematics will end the arguments, and I do not believe anything Philip Ball claims. Does any intelligent person on Earth believe this claim? “We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking”

For a historical perspective on the nonsense touted by theorists and so-called science journalists, like Philip Ball, see:

Secularism: This ancient Babylonian tablet may contain the first evidence of trigonometry

He and Wildberger concluded that the Babylonians expressed trigonometry in terms of exact ratios of the lengths of the sides of right triangles, rather than by angles, using their base 60 form of mathematics, they report today in Historia Mathematica. “This is a whole different way of looking at trigonometry,” Mansfield says. “We prefer sines and cosines … but we have to really get outside our own culture to see from their perspective to be able to understand it.”

When have serious scientists not gone outside our own culture to understand how the history of human behavioral development has been misrepresented by so-called experts.

See: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome

The findings confirm their earlier work suggesting that the majority of variants, including potentially harmful ones, were picked up during the past 5,000–10,000 years.

Simply put, the harmful variants probably contribute to our relative lack of intelligence compared to the intelligence of our ancestors, unless you think that a single-celled organism is one of your ancestors. Obviously, however, even if that is the case, you are somewhat more intelligent that pond scum. But, let me apologize in advance for referring to you as a “biologically uninformed science idiot” — in the context of the definition of “idiot” as someone with no professional expertise. Apologists might use the term “fool” in the context of this passage from the Holy Bible:

“Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die:”

Feynman used the term “human idiocy” in the context of representations made by theoretical physicists:

Prepare yourself to experience more insults from experts who have, during the past 5-10,000 years confirmed the links from energy to physics, chemistry, and molecular biology in the context of food energy and the biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.

Apologetics:Indiana Banks and the Tablet of Trig

This story attracted my attention because it is yet more evidence against the Darwinian narrative of human history, which holds that we evolved from apes and have been steadily gaining in technology and science ever since. The reality is very different. The evidence often points to initial brilliance followed by decline, the pattern that creationists would expect. In this instance, extremely ancient people pioneered a form of trigonometry that is more exact than the form used by later Mesopotamian nations and by the Greeks, Romans, and later Western Civilization.

Pattern recognition is the basis for the science of creationism and pattern recognition is the basis for molecular biology.

In their concluding paragraph, the authors link irreverent representations of the space-time continuum (Hawking, 1988) to our visual perception of mass and energy. With no vague representations of untested theories, they suggest that neural energy represents multisensory input at subsecond scales.

If what they suggest is true, their published work is an unprecedented refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense and an unparalleled refutation of “Big Bang” cosmology. Simply put, they concurrently link the creation of energy to the energy-dependent creation of the sense of smell in bacteria. The sense of smell is linked to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera via representations that link neural energy from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA.

For example, the sense of smell in bacteria is linked to the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum.

See:Evolutionary Rewiring

Strong selective pressure can lead to rapid and reproducible evolution in bacteria.

Natural selection for food energy-dependent codon optimality was linked to the ability of P. fluorescens to find food, which was linked to their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction by everything known about quorum sensing. But wait, that fact defies attempts to put the refutation of all theories into the context of something as simple-minded as this claim:

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

For more information on the mutation-driven “dumbing down” of you and your ancestors play the game “Cytosis” when it becomes available later this month and watch for more information on the game “Subatomic.” It is less difficult now than it ever has been to link energy-dependent changes from atoms to ecosystems by what is known to serious scientists. But first, you may need to dismiss the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by theorists.

This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man.

We also show that the readout layer can learn to decode the information stored in the reservoir via standard evolutionary strategies. Our work thus suggests that recurrent dynamics is a key element for the processing of complex time-dependent information by cells.

What evolutionary strategies led to the recurrent dynamics of time-dependent information processing and the use of trigonometry ~5000 years ago?
Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing

It seems that bacteria have some sort of collective memory by which they keep track of how they handled their previous encounters with antibiotics. They know how to collectively glean information from the environment, “talk” with each other, distribute tasks, generate collective memory, and turn their colony into a “cybernetic system”—a massive “brain” that can perform natural distributed information processing, learn from past experience, and possibly alter the genome organization or even create new genes to better cope with novel challenges.8–13,17,18

Physiology is rocking the foundations of evolutionary biology

Perhaps the elegant mathematics and the extraordinary reputation of the scientists involved blinded us to what now seems obvious: the organism should never have been relegated to the role of mere carrier of its genes.

A rendering of how changes in an electron's motion (bottom view) alter the scattering of light (top view), as measured in a new experiment that scattered more than 500 photons of light from a single electron. Previous experiments had managed to scatter no more than a few photons at a time. Credit: Extreme Light Laboratory|University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Energy-dependent physical and biophysical constraints (3)

July 25, 2017

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

See first: Energy-dependent physical and biophysical constraints (2)
Emily Balskus Pins Down the Chemistry and Metabolism of Human Microbiomes
Summary: The chemistry and metabolism of all microbiomes is food energy-dependent and pheromone-controlled via the physiology of reproduction.
See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

My comment to The Scientist:

…trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp) dehydratase, a newly discovered member of an abundant family of proteins, produced by gut bacteria, known as the glycyl radical enzymes, helps in metabolizing trans-Hyp, an amino acid that is rare in bacteria but is common in eukaryotes.

The de novo creation of energy-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in supercoiled DNA protects the organized genomes of all living genera from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which has been linked from mutations to all pathology via the claims Schrodinger made in “What is Life?” (1944).

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.) (pp. 73 and 74)

Natural selection for food energy-dependent codon optimality links the sense of smell in bacteria to the biophysically constrained viral latency that links ecological variation to ecological adaptations in species from microbes to humans via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.

Sunlight has since been placed into the context of quantized energy as information, which links our visual perception of mass and energy from the space-time continuum to the concept of the energy-dependent creation of quantum souls.
See also: Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (2016) and From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996)

God's shrinking role in salvation

June 13, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy Model Organisms Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

God’s shrinking role in salvation can temporarily be placed into the context of what serious scientists are reporting for comparison to the claims of pseudoscientists.
See: Quantum Simulation (free download)

It presents several examples of experiments using both density and momentum imaging and quantum gas microscopy to study the motion of atoms in optical lattices.

The energy-dependent motion of atoms must be linked to ecosystems by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera. That fact requires extended consideration of helicity, chirality, autophagy, and hydrophobicity in supercoiled DNA
Helicity – the projection of the spin onto the direction of momentum. ie. spin direction depends on direction of motion;
Chirality – not identical to its mirror image, ie. left-handed vs right-handed;
Cool animation of a particle where the Helicity matches the Chirality.

I’m not sure how to start an attempt to finalize ongoing comments on what has been learned during the past century about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation, which is manifested in the complexity of the animation. I would like to move forward without the redundancy of explaining everything each time a new finding links quantized energy from physics to chemistry and the facts link molecular epigenetics to the biologically-based energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and RNA-mediated cause and effect.
The energy-dependent creation of microRNAs is missing in this representation of energy-dependent internal motion in DNA.
DNA Internal Motion Likely Accelerates Protein Target Search in a Packed Nucleoid

The internal motions of DNA appear to be governed by strong internal forces arising from being crowded into the small space of the nucleoid.

God’s shrinking role in salvation can be placed into the context of works published by those who fail to link the creation of energy as information to the packed nucleoid via DNA internal motion in the context of the creation of microRNAs.
See for example: microRNA
Everything known to serious scientists about the creation of microRNAs links the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from the solar analemma to representations of the time-space continuum in a Mobius strip and to this solution to the grandfather paradox, which is based on quantum entanglement, which includes quantum entanglement in DNA.
The solution to the grandfather paradox links quantized energy from quantum entanglement to energy-dependent changes in the structure and function of supercoiled DNA, which helps to ensure the survival of individuals and species, but only if the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight was created before anything else.
The creation of quantized energy also must be biophysically constrained by the physiology of reproduction in all living genera.
See: Light Modulates the Biosynthesis and Organization of Cyanobacterial Carbon Fixation Machinery through Photosynthetic Electron Flow, which was reported as: Illuminating the inner ‘machines’ that give bacteria an energy boost
See also: Direct characterization of the native structure and mechanics of cyanobacterial carboxysomes, which was reported as: Nanotechnology reveals hidden depths of bacterial ‘machines’ and subsequently placed into the context of the nonsense touted by theorists on June 8, 2017 as Revealing the Structure of Bacterial Machines
The structure and function of the bacterial machines depends on the innate ability of the species to find enough food. If an organism fails to find food, it cannot adapt to ecological variation and reproduce in the context of the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. For example, this species finds food that it metabolizes to create a uranium isotope.
See: A new twist on uranium’s origin story, by CSU scientists

…using new techniques including synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopy and isotope fingerprinting. They found that up to 89 percent of the uranium from their 650-foot-deep samples wasn’t crystalline uraninite at all, but rather, a non-crystalline uranium that was bound to organic matter or inorganic carbonate. Most of the uranium they found in that unmined site is estimated to be 3 million years old, and formed via reduction by microorganisms – microbes that respire not on oxygen, but on uranium.

The energy-dependent creation of the isotope exemplifies how the energy of sunlight is biophysically constrained in the context of quantum physics and the physiology of energy-dependent reproduction, which Richard Feynman linked to the creation of the atomic bomb — even though he did not know where the energy in a hydrogen atom came from. I have asked others where the energy came from, but the question has not been answered.
The estimate that the uranium was formed by bacteria 3 million years ago is based on pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwinian theorists and “Big Bang” cosmologists. Taken together those who are biologically uninformed are now attempting to separate everything known to serious scientists about the energy-dependent creation of all life on Earth from the quantized energy required for creation and the physiology of reproduction.
If quantized energy is not information, the loss of energy from the sun via thermal entropy could create life and all biodiversity, at least in theory. But who believes in theories that are this ridiculous?
See: Information entropy and thermal entropy: apples and oranges

…the change of information entropy and the related change of thermal entropy can be separated in space and time leading to the break of Brillouin’s negentropy principle. iv) The information entropy can increase without triggering any change of the thermal entropy indicating that information erasure does not necessarily require energy dissipation.
v) There is no case where Landauer’s principle of erasure dissipation is even seemingly valid because erasing of the memory does not yield change in the information entropy. vi) The information entropy can violate the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

When theorists are allowed by others who are biologically uninformed to tout the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense contained in this excerpt (above), everyone who believes that the Laws of Thermodynamics can be violated is an example of what Feynman claimed is a form of human idiocy.

See also, from 2-3 years ago in the science news:

The first ever photograph of light as both a particle and wave 3/2/15

Scientists see ripples of a particle-separating wave in primordial plasma 6/10/15

Scientists find genetic basis of brain networks seen in imaging studies 6/11/15
Cell density remains constant as brain shrinks with age 6/12/15
This Nifty Infographic Is a Great Introduction to Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Therapy
New immunoregulation and biomarker 6/12/15

Cell type stability is receptor-mediated and biophysically constrained.

DNA data explosion lights up the Bronze Age 6/10/15

Quantized energy-dependent amino acid substitutions are still being reported as if they are mutations.

See for comparison: The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins, 1st Edition

See also: The Ancient Origins of Consciousness: How the Brain Created Experience 3/25/16
See also: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model 6/14/13 My review is cited in the context of:

12. Plotnick, Dornbos, and Chen (2010). Others who advocate smell-first are Lucia Jacobs (Jacobs, 2012), who says the building of smell maps of environmental space came first and James Kohl (Kohl, 2013), whose model says chemical ecology is the main driver of adaptive evolution. — p. 263

The concept of smell-first was linked from energy-dependent changes in angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera.
Scientists investigate how the sense of smell works in bacteria

…the signaling and inactive states differ only very slightly at the nitrate-binding site – by 0.5-1 angstroms, which is approximately one fifth of the size of the ion itself (1 angstrom is 10-10 meters). However, when this ion binds to the sensor, it causes huge changes in the protein: The helices of different monomers begin to move in different directions, like pistons. These “pistons” transmit the small change of 0.5-1 angstroms through the membrane, and their outer ends shift by approximately 2.5 angstroms in different directions. Inside the cell, in the HAMP domain, these shifts are converted into the rotation of two parts of NarQ relative to each other. Ultimately, the positions of the output helices change by as much as 7 angstroms, thus completing the signal transmission.

The signal transmission was linked from the physiology of reproduction in soil bacteria to fertility in mammals via changes in the bull sperm microRNAome. See: The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression
Outside the context of the creation of quantized energy and the de novo creation of genes linked to increasing organismal complexity, there is no need to discuss God’s shrinking role in salvation. You can, instead, link the Stepwise Evolution of a Buried Inhibitor Peptide over 45 My from the de novo evolution of genes and the novel proteins they encode to the innovations that automagically contribute to the diversity of life via The evolution of social behavior in microorganisms.
See also: Metabolism and the evolution of social behavior

…using experimental evolution, we followed the joint evolution of the genome, the metabolome and the social behavior as swarming re-evolved. New variants emerged spontaneously with mutations that reorganized the metabolome and compensated in distinct ways for the disrupted metabolic prudence. These experiments with a unicellular organism provide a detailed view of how metabolism—currency of all physiological processes—can determine the costs and benefits of a social behavior and ultimately influence how an organism behaves towards other organisms of the same species.

Simply put, the quantized energy of the smell-first model of energy-dependent ecological adaptation in species from microbes to humans can be compared to the metabolism-first theory of de novo gene evolution. Both can be compared in the context of the joint evolution of the genome, the metabolome and the evolution of social behavior, which is portrayed as swarming in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The swarming behavior re-evolved in an evolution experiment.
The re-evolved ability to swarm can be compared to the report on the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum in Pseudomonas fluorescens.
See: Evolutionary resurrection of flagellar motility via rewiring of the nitrogen regulation system
The weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum suggests that virtually any change in an organized genome can be linked to the pheromone-controlled the physiology of reproduction. If not, the claims about evolution can be linked from the wrong choice of food to the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which links mutations to all pathology. But claims about the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA are rarely made by theorists.
When the missing information about the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA is placed into the context of the the solar analemma, a Mobius strip, and the solution to the grandfather paradox, quantum entanglement appears to link all changes in the amount of quantized energy that comes from sunlight to biophysically constrained energy theft and viral latency, which prevents pathology.
For comparison, see: A New RNA Synthesis of Cells: A Possible End of Birth Defects

…an estimation of these two above elements [nitrogen and phosphorus] as a chemical compound leads a human’s birth defect to have the correct amino acid sequence as previously mentioned and then become a normal trait. With the correct calculation of the compound of nitrogen and phosphorous for an unstable RNA messenger, which is traced to a birth defect, a researcher can discover the ideal growth rate for its stability as an RNA messenger and then its end as a birth defect.

The quantized energy-dependent biosynthesis of RNA is food energy-dependent and pheromone-controlled in species from microbes to humans and virus-driven energy theft appears to cause the degradation of messenger RNA, which has been linked to all pathology. The report of the evolutionary resurrection of flagellar motility clearly exemplifies how energy-dependent changes in RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions are linked to survival of the species outside the context of the “magic traits.” The “magic traits” do not link nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled cell type differentiation to all biodiversity in reports like this one: Magic traits in speciation: ‘magic’ but not rare?
The “magic traits” have been linked to rapid speciation in bacteria and vertebrates
See: Extraordinarily rapid speciation in a marine fish

We evaluated different possible evolutionary scenarios under the approximate Bayesian computation framework and estimate that the speciation process started in allopatry ∼2,400 generations ago, following the colonization of the Baltic by the demersal lineage. This is faster than most known cases of ecological speciation and represents the most rapid event of speciation ever reported for any marine vertebrate.

Reported as:“Evolution on the fast lane—One flounder species became two” May 30, 2017

“The answer may lay in so called magic traits, meaning traits that are under selection which at the same time cause reproductive isolation as a byproduct. In theory, selection on such traits could play a central role in rapid speciation events. The mating strategies and reproductive traits of the two flounder species could act as magic traits,” clarifies Momigliano.

Quantum Physics News (see for discussion on this group)
The Quantum Physics News was created by Robert Karl Stonjek, whose atheistic pseudoscientific nonsense is pervasively distributed among several other Facebook groups and yahoo groups. His influence has caused the unnecessary suffering and premature death of millions of people who think God’s shrinking role in salvation can best be viewed in the context of the “magic traits” of neo-Darwinian theorists.