ecological variation Archives

Environmental selection is natural selection (5)

April 30, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic

Summary: Atheistic Chinese Communists realize that vaccinations cannot protect them. Their attempts to develop a universal vaccine have failed. Bill Gates promotes vaccinations, which led us to the brink of the next pandemic.

Vaccines prevent ecological adaptations in some cell types. Does Bill Gates, a non-scientist, think that people from God-fearing non-communist countries can do better than the atheistic Communists?

Bill Gates calls on U.S. to lead fight against a pandemic that could kill 33 million

Gates and his wife, Melinda, have repeatedly warned that a pandemic is the greatest immediate threat to humanity. Experts say the risk is high, because new pathogens are constantly emerging and the world is so interconnected.

New pathogens do not emerge. Read Quantico. The viruses that cause all pathology ecologically adapt by stealing the quantized energy that all differentiated cell types need to survive.

Bill Gates thinks a coming disease could kill 30 million people within 6 months — and says we should prepare for it as we do for war

If you were to tell the world’s governments that weapons that could kill 30 million people were under construction right now, there’d be a sense of urgency about preparing for the threat, Gates said.

The one time the military tried a sort of simulated war game against a smallpox pandemic, the final score was “smallpox one, humanity zero,” Gates said.

…a strategy was developed in 2009, but it’s carried out by several government agencies in an uncoördinated approach…

Bill Gates has been promoting vaccinations as a strategy. The vaccinations led us to the brink of the pandemic. Vaccines prevent ecological adaptations in some cell types. The atheistic Chinese Communists now realize that vaccinations cannot protect them. Their attempts to develop a universal vaccine have failed, miserably. Does Bill Gates, a non-scientist, think that people from non-communist countries can do better than the atheistic Communists?
Perhaps he doesn’t know how South Korea forced the denuclearization of North Korea, which will probably lead to proclamations of world peace.
See: Engineered virus has artificial amino acid allowing it to serve as a vaccine (2016)

A team of researchers at Peking University has developed a new type of vaccine that they claim may allow for a new approach to generating live virus vaccines which could conceivably be adapted to any type of virus.

Their “new approach” failed. The uncoordinated strategy against the CRISPR bioterror threat has failed to address the established scientific facts. All ecological adaptations are quantized energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. That fact is presented in the context of the Holy Bible, which explains why scientific creationists from South Korea were able to force denuclearization on atheistic communists.
Now Gates accuses the US Government (the Trump Administration?) of failing to protect US citizens.
On April 26, 2018, I discussed factual representations of biologically-based cause and effect that probably led to the death of Timothy J. Cunningham. I told a friend that Cunningham’s publication record clearly reveals his ability to link viruses to the failed differentiation of all cell types in all living genera.
See his publications on

1)”Racial Disparities in Age-Specific Mortality”
2) “Sex-specific relationships between adverse childhood experiences”
3) “Associations between antioxidants and all-cause mortality”
and
4) “Health and Safety Issues for Travelers”

What Bill Gates Fears Most may be the revelations of facts about vaccines. Gates seems to be still promoting the live (or dead) virus-containing vaccines that have failed to protect anyone since the time they were supposed to start protecting us all.
Is he aware that An error made in 1925 led to a crisis in modern science?
The error replaced the creation of energy with models of statistical significance as if the answer to the question “What is Life?” was akin to computers that automagically emerged with the energy to run themselves.
See also: Arrowsmith (1925). If Bill Gates had studied US history, he might have learned that the 1925 Scopes Trial in Dayton, Tennessee predicted that teaching neo-Darwinian evolution would cause the next pandemic.
Instead see: Gates Foundation launches $12M Grand Challenge for universal flu vaccine, as Bill Gates urges world to prepare for war on pandemics
When Europeans “invaded” the Americas, indigenous human populations were decimated by the virus-driven degradation of their messenger RNA. Few American Indians had the amino acid substitution that protected them from the virus-driven pathology manifested in the deep sea. The virus-driven pathology has been linked to all physical and mental diseases/disorders on Earth via the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic.
For comparison, everything known to all serious scientists about quantized energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation has been linked to biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor and Cytosis.
See for comparison: Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk
The V370A adaptation came from populations in what is now Central China, but dietary changes eliminated the need for the adaptation in the Americas, where indigenous populations had adapted to other viruses. When Europeans introduced the viruses to indigenous populations on other continents, the 6,000 year history of ecological adaptations in species from mice to humans became clear.
See: Modeling Recent Human Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR Variant
The EDAR variant is V370A, which is also known as The ectodysplasin receptor variant (EDARV370A) and as rs3827760, which is also known as 1540T/C, 370A or Val370Ala. It is a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2. The fact that one food energy-dependent variant in one SNP was linked from the creation of a receptor to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in species from mice to humans proved that environmental selection links quantized energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance from the creation of sunlight to viral latency in all living genera.
See for comparison: Here Are Michelle Wolf’s Boldest Moments At The White House Correspondents’ Dinner
See also the bold moves made by scientific creationists in South Korea, who forced the denuclearization of North Korea (in the same week as the “dinner”) with prior publication of two articles that link viruses to the decimation of populations of atheistic Communists.
Whether or not the US, and/or if South Korea invades, they could decimate the populations of atheists without firing more than one shot to deliver a payload of virus-modified yeasts. The lives of well-nourished troops could be saved for the take-over/occupation.
See:
1) A Single Amino Acid at the Polymerase Acidic Protein Determines the Pathogenicity of Influenza B Viruses 4/13/18

Several amino acid mutations were identified in PB2, PB1, PA, BM2, and/or NS1 protein coding regions, and one concurrent lysine (K)-to-arginine (R) mutation in PA residue 338 (PA K338R) was found in both maVc_BR60 and maYm_WI01 viruses.

2) Emergence of Human G2P[4] Rotaviruses in the Post-vaccination Era in South Korea: Footprints of Multiple Interspecies Re-assortment Events 4/18/18

…17-24 amino acid changes, specifically A87T, D96N, S213D, and S242N substitutions in G2 epitopes, were observed.

If the only thing atheistic Communists want is to not be invaded, they probably know that vaccines and nuclear weapons cannot protect them from the decimation that could be caused by a single amino acid substitution in a virus.

Why tempt our Creator to show them the error of their ways, when atheistic Communists do not believe in Him? Ask also, “Who killed Timothy J. Cunningham?” — and/or anyone else who is killed or goes missing during the transition to Global Peace.
See also: [evol-psych] Sorry but Yahoo! groups have blocked all my news items — Robert Karl Stonjek 4/30/18
Wait for this to happen with the Human Ethology Yahoo group, where you can still find the atheistic pseudoscientific nonsense touted by the moderator, Jay R. Feierman.
See for example:
Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.
See also: I am absolutely certain that if you showed this statement to any professor of biology or genetics in any accredited university anywhere in the world that 100% of them would say that “Random mutations are the substrate upon which directional natural selection acts” is a correct and true statement.
See for comparison: Tracking niche variation over millennial timescales in sympatric killer whale lineages

Ecological variation is the raw material by which natural selection can drive evolutionary divergence [1–4].
The differences in amino acid composition among different tissues can lead to large differences in trophic discrimination [38].

Many evolutionary theorists and Big Bang cosmologists are among the hate-mongers who would rather combat Christianity than make any efforts towards Combating Evolution to Fight Disease.

Environmental selection is natural selection

April 26, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations base editing biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Model Organisms Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk was published on April 23, 2018

The ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) gene has a range of pleiotropic effects, including sweat gland density, incisor shoveling, and mammary gland ductal branching. The frequency of the human-specific EDAR V370A allele appears to be uniquely elevated in North and East Asian and New World populations due to a bout of positive selection likely to have occurred circa 20,000 y ago. The dental pleiotropic effects of this allele suggest an even higher occurrence among indigenous people in the Western Hemisphere before European colonization. We hypothesize that selection on EDAR V370A occurred in the Beringian refugium because it increases mammary ductal branching, and thereby may amplify the transfer of critical nutrients in vitamin D-deficient conditions to infants via mothers’ milk. This hypothesized selective context for EDAR V370A was likely intertwined with selection on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster because it is known to modulate lipid profiles transmitted to milk from a vitamin D-rich diet high in omega-3 fatty acids.

The authors placed my claims about the mouse-to-human model of the EDAR V370A variant back into the context of an evolutionary adaptation. They seem unwilling to accept the fact that the EDAR V370A variant is a nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptation in mice and in humans. It links energy-dependent changes from angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera via natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality.
The EDAR V370A allele is also known as rs3827760, 1540T/C, 370A, or Val370Ala. It is a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2.
See the author’s copy of my invited review of nutritional epigenetics, which was returned without review :
Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems (2014)

In the context of climate change and changes in diet, the story began with what probably was a nutrient-dependent base pair change and a variant epiallele that arose in a human population in what is now central China. Apparently, the effect of the epiallele was adaptive and it was manifested in the context of an effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth. In another mammal, such as the mouse, the effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth is probably due to a nutrient-dependent epigenetic effect on hormones responsible for the tweaking of immense gene networks that metabolize nutrients to pheromones. The pheromones appear to control the nutrient-dependent epigenetically-effected hormone-dependent organization and hormone-activation of reproductive sexual behavior in mammals such as mice and humans, but also in invertebrates and in microbes as previously indicated.

The ecological adaptations, which appear to be manifested in the human population are detailed in these two reports [162-163]. The ecological adaptations are likely to be nutrient-dependent and pheromone-controlled. If so, ecological variation probably leads to ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction, which is manifested in increasing organismal complexity and species diversity. If not, there may be something as yet unknown about mutations and evolution that makes sense in the light of what is known about nutritional epigenetics and the molecular biology of species from microbes to man.

More than four years later, biologically uninformed theorists have again tried to make natural selection something different than environmental selection. Nina G. Jablonski is one of the co-authors. I’m tempted to think that all the others also are biologically uninformed science idiots who cannot link physical and chemistry from subatomic particles to ecosystems via what organisms eat and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which biophysically constrains viral latency in all living genera.
See also: microRNA and ADAR1 microRNA
For example:
Combinatory RNA-Sequencing Analyses Reveal a Dual Mode of Gene Regulation by ADAR1 in Gastric Cancer (April 25, 2018)
Virus-encoded miRNAs in Ebola virus disease (April 24, 2018)

Polymaths and paradigm shifts: from Asimov to Bear (1)

March 14, 2018

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy Model Organisms Physics RNA Directed RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations

Summary: In the context of what is known about how top-down causation must be linked to all biodiversity on Earth, the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight links differences in the energy of two photons from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs. The link from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs is endogenous RNA interference (RNAi). Endogenous RNAi is manifested as energy-dependent differences in biophysically constrained viral latency.
Biophysically constrained viral latency has been linked to healthy longevity in all living genera from what appears to be the “dawn of creation.”
See: Conceptual Insights, Energy Transformations in Oxidative Phosphorylation (2002)

View this media module for an animated, interactive summary of how electron transfer potential is converted into proton-motive force and, finally, phosphoryl transfer potential in oxidative phosphorylation.

See: Section 18.4A Proton Gradient Powers the Synthesis of ATP
Place what is known to all serious scientists about the proton motive force into the context of energy-dependent electron transfer potential.
See also: Chemiosmosis

…the term proton-motive force (PMF)… can be described as the measure of the potential energy stored as a combination of proton and voltage (electrical potential) gradients across a membrane. The electrical gradient is a consequence of the charge separation across the membrane (when the protons H⁺ move without a counterion, such as chloride Cl⁻).

See: Search results for proton motive force
On February 2, 2018 and on February 26, 2018 I linked the claim that Permeability transition in human mitochondria persists in the absence of peripheral stalk subunits of ATP synthase (2017) to findings on RNA-RNA interactions in The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14 (1993) This link opens the to free pdf

Two small lin-4 transcripts of approximately 22 and 61 nt were identified in C. elegans and found to contain sequences complementary to a repeated sequence element in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of lin-14 mRNA, suggesting that lin-4 regulates lin-14 translation via an antisense RNA-RNA interaction.

The small lin-4 transcripts of approximately 22 and 61 nt were subsequently referred to as pre-mRNAs before the term pre-mRNA became microRNA as the number of nucleotides (nt) was reduced to 22 in the context of more than 70,000 published works on microRNAs. See: microRNA
In the context of what is known about how top-down causation must be linked to all biodiversity on Earth, the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight links differences in the energy of two photons from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs. The link from the proton motive force to the creation of microRNAs is endogenous RNA interference (RNAi). Endogenous RNAi is manifested as energy-dependent differences in biophysically constrained viral latency. Biophysically constrained viral latency has been linked to healthy longevity in all living genera from what appears to be the “dawn of creation.”
For instance see: Recent Explosive Human Population Growth Has Resulted in an Excess of Rare Genetic Variants (2012) and Evolution and Functional Impact of Rare Coding Variation from Deep Sequencing of Human Exomes (2012)
Reported May 17, 2012 as: Humans riddled with rare genetic variants
See also: Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants (2013)
Reported November 28, 2012 Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome
See also: The splicing code (Feb 2018)

…except for very few and marginal variations, it is the same from bacteria to man, the RNA stretch: 5′ GUGUUC 3′ reads as the dipeptide: Val-Phe in bacteria, in yeast, in Arabidopsis, in zebra fish, in mouse and in human. A degree of ambiguity is possible if mutations are introduced in the tRNAs in a way that the anticodon reads one amino acid but the aminoacyl-transferase attaches a different one onto the tRNA.

See also: Creatures’ Adaptability Begins with Their Sensors
Sensory input must be linked to energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: OLYMPUS experiment sheds light on structure of protons

…most of the time, only one of the photons has high energy, while the other must carry very little energy indeed…

In 2013 Isaac Asimov Memorial Debate:The Existence of Nothing, Neil deGrasse Tyson made this spurious claim:

Isaac Asimov, “…perhaps, the last polymath of our civilization.”

A polymath should be required to link quantum physics from quantum chemistry to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity. Wide-ranging knowledge should include what is known about the conserved molecular mechanisms that link the food energy-dependent physiology of reproduction to ecological adaptations in species from microbes to humans.
Eshel Ben-Jacob and Greg Bear are polymaths. Isaac Asimov was not.
Eshel Ben-Jacob presciently linked Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing (2009) to the biophysically constrained viral latency Greg Bear placed into the context of the creation of a new human species in two books reviewed in Nature:
Evolution rising from the grave (2000)
Living with the Neanderthals (2003)
See also: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)
Polymaths should be able to recognize patterns that link photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation from the creation of enzymes to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated DNA repair, which links ecological variation from phytoremediation to ecological adaptations in all living genera. Anyone who fails to do that in the context of the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum in P. fluorescens should be called a biologically uninformed theorist or a science journalist who has no excuse for reporting pseudoscientific nonsense.
The only way to resurrect the bacterial flagellum over-the-weekend involves what is known as the proton motive force. Fro example: A twitter search for “proton motive force” led me to this claim, thanks to Nigel Ten Fleming

Enzyme-bound ATP forms readily in the absence of a proton-motive force.

In the context of Energy Transformations in Oxidative Phosphorylation (2002), that claim was followed by this claim:

…the role of the proton gradient is not to form ATP but to release it from the synthase.

How to create biologically uninformed theorists

March 13, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic

Summary: On March 2, 2018, Philip C. Ball and Nick Lane started making claims about proton gradients. Their claims are based on my model of quantized energy as information. This post includes added support for what is known to all serious scientists about the light-activated endogenous substrates that link molecular epigenetics to RNA-mediated autophagy.
See first: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (audio/visual aid 2017)

The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.

This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes.

For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

Added support for the light-activated molecular epigenetics of autophagy:
Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin (2007)

…we quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents… and show that light-driven pumping by PR can fully replace respiration as a cellular energy source in some environmental conditions.

Structure of the Deactive State of Mammalian Respiratory Complex I (2018)

…the deactive state arises when critical structural elements that form the ubiquinone-binding site become disordered, and we propose reactivation is induced when substrate binding to the NADH-reduced enzyme templates their reordering. Our structure both rationalizes biochemical data on the deactive state and offers new insights into its physiological and cellular roles.

Global collective motions in the mammalian and bacterial respiratory complex I (2018)

…we identify here transitions between experimentally resolved structures of the mammalian complex I as low-frequency collective motions of the enzyme, highlighting similarities and differences between the bacterial and mammalian enzymes. Despite the reduced complexity of the smaller bacterial enzyme, our results suggest that the global dynamics of complex I is overall conserved.

The conservation of light-powered functional structures and energy-dependent proton gradients link the deactive state in critical structures to the active state via the creation of enzymes in species from bacteria to mammals. The energy-dependent creation of the enzymes links metabolism of the energy (e.g., food energy) from pheromones to biophysically constrained viral latency in the context of the physiology of reproduction.
The pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans links our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of how ecological variation must be linked to energy-dependent ecological adaptations in all living genera.
See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

Our perception of the world builds upon dynamic inputs from multiple senses with different temporal resolutions, and is threaded with the passing of subjective time. How time is extracted from multisensory inputs is scantly known. Utilizing psychophysical testing and electroencephalography, we show in healthy human adults that odors modulate object visibility around critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF)-the limit at which chromatic flickers become perceived as a stable color-and effectively alter CFF in a congruency-based manner, despite that they afford no clear environmental temporal information. The behavioral gain produced by a congruent relative to an incongruent odor is accompanied by elevated neural oscillatory power around the object’s flicker frequency in the right temporal region ~150-300 ms after object onset, and is not mediated by visual awareness. In parallel, odors bias the subjective duration of visual objects without affecting one’s temporal sensitivity. These findings point to a neuronal network in the right temporal cortex that executes flexible temporal filtering of upstream visual inputs based on olfactory information. Moreover, they collectively indicate that the very process of sensory integration at the stage of object processing twists time perception, hence casting new insights into the neural timing of multisensory events.

See also: Odors Alter Subjective Time Experience Author: Dr. ZHOU Wen’s Research Group Update time: 2017/05/15

The brain is not a timepiece. Whereas it is equipped with senses like vision, audition, touch, smell, and taste, it has no direct access to or measure of the physical time (unless you read from a clock). Rather, it constructs the subjective “time” of an event from the dynamic multisensory inputs associated with that event. Yet different senses come with different temporal precisions. For instance, when standing near an apple tree, you can detect the falling of an apple much better with your eyes or ears than the nose. How does the brain coordinate multisensory signals entering different brain regions with different temporal resolutions, and come up with the subjective time?

A team at the Institute of Psychology at Chinese Academy of Sciences tackled this issue using odors and images. Specifically, Dr. Bin Zhou, the study’s lead author, and his colleagues examined whether odors could modulate one’s temporal sampling and subjective duration of visual objects. In their study, participants viewed two series of flickering isoluminant images in red and green (Figure 1A). One of the series contained opposite images of an apple or bananas; the other contained only images of red and green fields. When the images alternated at a frequency beyond 20 Hz, the participants started to have difficulty reporting which series contained an object. Indeed, for most people, chromatic flicker fusion frequency (CFF), the limit at which alternating colors become perceived as a stable fused color, falls somewhere between 20 and 25 Hz. Interestingly, the participants’ object detection accuracies around CFF were improved under the exposure of a congruent, as opposed to an incongruent, odor. In other words, the participants detected a rapidly flickering apple better when they smelled an apple odor rather than a banana odor, and vice versa (Figure 1B, left panel). In effect, the presence of a congruent odor facilitated the brain’s temporal sampling of a visual object and elevated its CFF (Figure 1B, right panel). Based on electrical activities recorded from the participants’ scalp, the researchers found that the integration between smell and vision strengthened the signals of the corresponding object in a brain region heavily implicated in object representations called the right temporal cortex, about 150-300 ms after object onset. They further showed that such integration lengthened one’s subjective duration of the corresponding object in a duration comparison task. The researchers concluded that subjective time is warped by the neural energy involved in representing multisensory inputs at subsecond scales.

Until Philip C. Ball mentioned that Nick Lane believed proton gradients came before the energy-dependent creation of RNA, I did not realize how little they knew about this link from differences in the energy of photons to consciousness.
See: What Affective Neuroscience Means for Science Of Consciousness (2013)

The coupling of the two circuits promotes an endogenous feedback that supports conscious processes. Within this framework, we present the defence that detailed study of both affective and cognitive processes, their interactions, as well of their respective brain networks, is necessary for a science of consciousness.

The coupling of the two circuits links differences in the energy of photons from the proton motive force to the light-activated endogenous feedback loops and Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction.
It is extremely difficult for intelligent people to not link this experimental evidence to biophysically constrained viral latency in the context of reports that claim “Creatures’ Adaptability Begins with Their Sensors.”
But, see for comparison: David Attenborough on creationsim May, 2015

My comment on his nonsense: First steps to neutralizing Zika: How highly potent antibody neutralizes Zika infection discovered

This is framed within the context of energy-dependent changes in pH, which facilitate receptor-mediated entry of nutrients or viruses into specific cell types of species-specific tissues via stress-linked changes in hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs.

Virus-driven energy theft has been linked to all pathology in all living genera via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated polycombic protein folding chemistry compared to the hecatombic evolution of pathology manifested first in the differences between archaea and bacteria. Admitting that Carl Woese was wrong about the different domains of life is the first step towards understanding the difference between healthy longevity and the evolution of all virus-driven pathology.

Carl Woese was wrong

God did not create the viruses. He created the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight, which protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy. Only the choices of our ancestors could have led to the increasing amout of virus-driven pathology during the past ~6000 years that pseudoscientists place into the context of millions of years of evolution. Then, they blame God, like these two pseudoscientists do. Darwin knew they would do that, which is why he insisted that others put conditions of life before natural selection. But they bastardized his theory anyway and taught their revision to anyone who was foolish enough to believe in it. It’s called the “Modern Synthesis” and was based on de Vries 1902 definition of “mutation.”

Celebrate Your Inner Virus

It is important that we understand the design present in viruses because God made them.

It is no wonder that Sir David Attenborough and many others like Philip C. Ball and Nick Lane are confused about the energy-dependent creation of healthy longevity and consciousness. Even some young earth creationists have failed to link the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from changes in electrons to ecosystems via the proton motive force. That leaves every aspect of creation to be placed back into the context of ridiculous theories. The theories start with the virus-driven theft of quantized energy as information. The energy theft links mutations to all virus-driven pathology. The theft of quantized energy as information cannot be linked by serious scientists from beneficial mutations to the evolution of one species from another.
For comparison, pseudoscientists have no problem touting this confusing nonsense:
Sign of selection on mutation rate modifiers depends on population size (March 12, 2018)
1) Genetic variation—the raw material for evolution—is ultimately generated by mutation.
2). …beneficial alleles never become deleterious and deleterious alleles never become beneficial.
Conclusion:

Whether these phenomena can be united in a single theoretical framework remains an open question that we are actively exploring. In any case, our results add to a growing appreciation of nonclassical population size dependence in evolution by natural selection (41, 42).

Funding for research that attempts to link natural selection to evolution via mutation-driven genetic variation should be used to link food odors and pheromones from the physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and ecological adaptations. It is time to stop creating more biologically uninformed theorists.

Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

Carl Zimmer refutes theistic evolution (2)

March 11, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

Carl Zimmer refutes theistic evolution (1)
Carl Zimmer recognizes the need for a new definition of what heredity is. But he refuses to tell others what he knows about the role that viruses play in the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of all pathology.
Examples of inherited pathology typically include his misrepresentations among others who fail to link ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: Ancient Viruses Are Buried in Your DNA by Carl Zimmer
His conclusion:

In other words, early embryos may have come to depend on the tricks viruses use to manipulate them. “We’re exploiting a property that has evolved for the virus’s benefit,” Dr. Katzourakis said.

No experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect suggests anything except virus-driven pathology has evolved.
See: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

We show here for the first time the crucial role of viruses in controlling archaeal dynamics and therefore the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems, and suggest that virus-archaea interactions play a central role in global biogeochemical cycles.

We estimated that viral infections were responsible for the abatement of 1.0 to 2.2% day−1 (on average 1.6% day−1) of the bacterial abundance and 2.3 to 4.3% day−1 (on average 3.2% day−1) of the archaeal abundance in deep-sea sediments (Fig. 6).

The amount of virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in archaea is clearly biophysically constrained via the energy-dependent physiology of the pheromone-controlled reproduction in bacteria. Neo-Darwinian theorists and so-called science journalists misrepresent the facts about how the virus-driven theft of quantized energy as information is biophysically constrained.
They trick people into believing that viruses and organisms evolve by failing to to mention that viral replication is not possible outside the context of energy theft from the host. Zimmer, for example, has consistently led others to believe in anything except how viral latency is biophysically constrained by what organisms eat and how metabolism is linked to reproduction.
Others like Zimmer are directly to blame for the level of ignorance reported in the context of this project.
The Global Virome Project

Our ability to mitigate disease emergence is undermined by our poor understanding of the diversity and ecology of viral threats, and of the drivers of their emergence.

The diversity and ecology of viral threats has always been linked to stress-induced changes in endogenous substrates. Light activation of endogenous substrates has been linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity in species from bacteria to humans.
Nutrient-stress and social stress have been linked from the degradation of messenger RNA in bacteria to the creation of archaea and L-forms, in which the membrane required for biophysically constrained viral latency is missing.
Zimmer and many other biologically uninformed journalists ignore this threat: Beware ‘Disease X’: the mystery killer keeping scientists awake at night
The threat would not exist if de Vries 1902 definition of mutation had not been accepted by people with not enough common sense to know that food energy must be linked to heredity via biophysical constrained viral latency.
See: Polymaths and paradigm shifts: from Asimov to Bear (in prep)

The MicroRNAome Strikes Back: A Sokalian hoax (6)

January 25, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed

The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes Science January 26, 2018

…nontransmitted alleles can affect a child through their impacts on the parents and other relatives, a phenomenon we call “genetic nurture.”

It doesn’t matter what they call it, since there is no defined boundary between genetics and epigenetics.
Reported as: You Are Shaped by the Genes You Inherit. And Maybe by Those You Don’t by Carl Zimmer January 25, 2018

A calf may inherit those milk-boosting variants from its mother. But just because the calf carries them doesn’t mean they directly make the calves bigger.

Compared to other mammals, Dr. Bijma observed, human children are especially dependent on their parents — not just for food and other essentials, but for social development. So it stands to reason that they’d experience similar effects.

“Humans provide substantial care to their offspring, and so the nurture they create is very likely to have a genetic component,” said Dr. Bijma.

Dr. Harden said that taking account of genetic nurture could improve research on the effects of poverty on how children do in school, as well as studies of methods to improve educational attainment.

“It’s so obvious in retrospect, and so elegant,” she said. “A lot of people are going to say, ‘I can see my data in a new light with this.’”

See for comparison: No Boundary Really Between Genetic and Epigenetic

…evolutionary science has now “moved on to such an extent” that she and Peter Saunders don’t really care anymore about trying to convince the neo-Darwinists.

The reporting on genetic nurture by Carl Zimmer appears to be a ploy to soften the impact of his past misrepresentations and the misrepresentations of all theorists and most so-called science journalists. He now reports on biophysically constrained energy-dependent events that link ecological variation to ecological adaptation in all living genera. See for example the The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression.
Included in the New York Times online article is a picture of a cow and a calf that tells less than half of what we detailed in From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996). The remaining details include how molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation are conserved in the bull.
Without food energy-dependent changes in the bull’s microRNAome, no one, including Carl Zimmer can get from the energy-dependent zinc spark at fertilization to the microRNAs in cow’s milk. And now, Carl Zimmer knows it!
See: The zinc spark is an inorganic signature of human egg activation (2016)
See also: MicroRNAs: Milk’s epigenetic regulators (2017)
See also: Maternal BRG1 regulates zygotic genome activation in the mouse (2006)

Genes involved in transcription, RNA processing, and cell cycle regulation were particularly affected. The early embryonic arrest is not a consequence of a defective oocyte because depleting maternal BRG1 after oocyte development is complete by RNA interference (RNAi) also resulted in two-cell arrest. To our knowledge, Brg1 is the first gene required for ZGA in mammals.

But wait, there’s more than just RNA interference involved. The energy-dependent zinc spark is linked from the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs to the creation of monoallelic olfactory receptor genes via the biparental contribution to chromosomal rearrangements. If not, Carl Zimmer and other science journalists cannot get from the epigenetic effects of food odors and pheromones to the feedback loops that link chromosomal rearrangements to the protection of all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA and all pathology.
If Carl Zimmer appears to have had a sudden epiphany that led him to see the light of evolution is actually sunlight in the context of ecological adaptation, his ability to see the how the facts extend to humans cannot be attributed only to a recent publication.
See also: Fine-scale recombination rate differences between sexes, populations and individuals (2010)

Comparisons of our maps with two LD-based maps inferred from data of HapMap populations of Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe (CEU) and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI) reveal population differences previously masked by noise and map differences at regions previously described as targets of natural selection.

Human population differences were linked to natural selection and the energy-dependent spark at fertilization. What, besides natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality, could have been linked to the spark at fertilization? Why would there be any questions about whether the findings in other animals extend to the findings on the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of all morphological and behavioral phenotypes in species from yeasts to mammals that we reported in 1996? See our section on molecular epigenetics in From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior.
I wonder if Carl Zimmer was one of the people who may have seen my tweets during the past 28 days (80,000 impressions). There is no way to be certain that the timing of his epiphany is anything more than coincidental. But that doesn’t matter.
He is now well on his way to reporting the facts about biophysically constrained viral latency and biodiversity after decades of reporting on the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwinian theorists.
it seems just as likely that he has been following my blog posts here and is scared to death not to report the facts before the forthcoming conference: Mechanisms of Recombination After that, everyone in the world of intelligent science journalism will know that energy-dependent epigenetic effects link food odors and pheromones from feedback loops to biophysically constrained cell type differentiation and viral latency in all living genera.
See also: Epigenetic modifications poster
Anyone who continues to report findings in the context of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense about mutations and/or evolution is unlikely to be employed as a science journalist.

Energy-dependent base editing and correction of mutations (2)

December 11, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Model Organisms Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

On 12/10/17, a long-term business partner called to tell me he was ending his efforts to sell human pheromone-enhanced fragrance products to those who understand how the products help to biophysically constrain viral latency in all mammals.
QuEBS workshop has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. […] discussion of notable scientists and pioneers of Quantum Biology… established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.
Decades later, researchers reported on: Signatures of exciton condensation in a transition metal dichalcogenide. The mass media news representation is: Physicists excited by discovery of new form of matter, excitonium.

…when an electron, seated at the edge of a crowded-with-electrons valence band in a semiconductor, gets excited and jumps over the energy gap to the otherwise empty conduction band, it leaves behind a “hole” in the valence band. That hole behaves as though it were a particle with positive charge, and it attracts the escaped electron. When the escaped electron with its negative charge, pairs up with the hole, the two remarkably form a composite particle, a boson—an exciton.

Wikipedia

“An exciton is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force. It is an electrically neutral quasiparticle that exists in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids.”

If excitons are found in water, the speed of light on contact with water could be linked to the quantized energy-dependent de novo creation of all biodiversity on Earth via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera. That fact led me to find information that links thermodynamic cycles of energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry to hydrophobicity in supercoiled DNA.

The Water-Food-Energy Nexus: Processes, Technologies, and Challenges

The book is organized into 4 sections on water, food, energy, and the future of sustainability, highlighting the interplay among these topics. The first section emphasizes water desalination, water management, and wastewater treatment. The second section discusses cereal processing, sustainable food security, bioenergy in food production, water and energy consumption in food processing, and mathematical modeling for food undergoing phase changes. The third section discusses fossil fuels, biofuels, synthetic fuels, renewable energy, and carbon capture. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of the future of sustainability, including coverage of the role of molecular thermodynamics…

See for comparison. There is no coverage of the role of molecular thermodynamics in the symbols used to represent different religions. It’s as if the differences exist outside the context of what is known about the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy.

No automatic alt text available.

The role of molecular thermodynamics in energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation was detailed in the context of: Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels (1990)

Energy-dependent changes in base pairs have since been linked from changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance and RNA editing to fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions that differentiate the cell types of all living genera. However, there appears to be no mention of how the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA has been linked from mutations to all pathology in Guidelines for Genome-Scale Analysis of Biological Rhythms (2017).

Genome biology approaches have made enormous contributions to our understanding of biological rhythms, particularly in identifying outputs of the clock, including RNAs, proteins, and metabolites, whose abundance oscillates throughout the day. These methods hold significant promise for future discovery, particularly when combined with computational modeling. However, genome-scale experiments are costly and laborious, yielding “big data” that are conceptually and statistically difficult to analyze. There is no obvious consensus regarding design or analysis. Here we discuss the relevant technical considerations to generate reproducible, statistically sound, and broadly useful genome-scale data. Rather than suggest a set of rigid rules, we aim to codify principles by which investigators, reviewers, and readers of the primary literature can evaluate the suitability of different experimental designs for measuring different aspects of biological rhythms.

Could ignoring this fact be a problem? See: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

If the guidelines for linking the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to all biodiversity on earth via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans were applied, the guidelines could be extended to claims about the Molecular and cellular reorganization of neural circuits in the human lineage

…the dopaminergic interneurons found in the human neocortex were absent from the neocortex of nonhuman African apes. Such differences in neuronal transcriptional programs may underlie a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Small but distinct differences among species mark evolution of human brain

Researchers found one gene, ZP2, was active in only human cerebellum — a surprise, said the researchers, because the same gene had been linked to sperm selection by human ova.

That claim can be placed into the context of what we detailed about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in the molecular epigenetics section of our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review.
See: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996)

Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans…

The alternative splicings of pre-mRNA have since been place into the context of energy-dependent changes in microRNAs (aka pre-mRNAs), which have been linked to differentiation of all cell types in all individuals of all living genera.
See: Human GW182 Paralogs Are the Central Organizers for RNA-Mediated Control of Transcription

In the cytoplasm, small RNAs can control mammalian translation by regulating the stability of mRNA. In the nucleus, small RNAs can also control transcription and splicing. The mechanisms for RNA-mediated nuclear regulation are not understood and remain controversial, hindering the effective application of nuclear RNAi and investigation of its natural regulatory roles.

The tractable changes in organized genomes can be viewed in the context of The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression (2014)
The link to sperm selection by human ova establishes the role of quantized energy as information in the context of the physiology of reproduction, which protects all species from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA.
The link from the dopaminergic neuronal system to feedback loops that biophysically constrain behavior have been placed into the context of the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults
The authors fail to mention that Val158Met function is known to be affected by a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in COMT (G-to-A base-pair substitution) leading to a methionine (Met) valine (Val) substitution at codons 108/158 (COMT Val158Met). Carriers of the Met allele have been found to display a fourfold decrease in enzymatic activity compared to Val allele carriers going along with an increase of prefrontal DA activity (Lachman et al. 1996; Lotta et al. 1995).
The degrading enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), determines dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex. Thermostablility and exploratory behavior link the difference in the valine allele and the methionine allele to difference in primate brain development and behavior. That fact links the Second Law of Thermodynamics to one energy-dependent base pair change and the creation of one enzyme to changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance that link natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality to one amino acid substitution that differentiates the cell types of the brain in different species of primates.
Dobzhansky (1973) presciently placed that fact into this context:

…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla.

See also: Humans And Chimps Differ At Level Of Gene Splicing (2007)
See also: Tissue-specific alternative splicing remodels protein-protein interaction networks (2012)
Smocovitis (2006): Keeping up with Dobzhansky (link opens pdf):

The direction and speed of the evolution of any group of organisms at any given time is the resultant of the interaction of a series of reasonably well known factors and processes, both hereditary and environmental. The task of the evolutionist, therefore, is to seek out and evaluate all these factors and processes in respect to as many different organisms as possible, and from the specific information thus acquired construct such generalizations and hypotheses as he can. This requires the broadest possible knowledge of biology, which, if it cannot be acquired through direct contact with original research, must be built up vicariously through communication with biologists in different fields. — G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr., ‘Preface’, Variation and Evolution in Plants, 1950.

Communication with biologists in different fields has revealed facts about the direction and speed of ecological adaptations linked to longevity.
See: The Secret to Long Life? It May Lurk in the DNA of the Oldest Among Us (2017)
The facts must be placed into the context of enzyme-dependent error-free DNA repair.
The secret to safe DNA repair (2015)

…if you don’t have this enzyme, then this error-free repair is stopped. You can’t do it. If you can’t do the error-free repair, among other things that happen is that you expect these cells to be cancer prone.

See for comparison: ”Definitely embarrassing:” Nobel Laureate retracts non-reproducible paper in Nature journal

In retrospect, we were totally blinded by our belief [in our findings]…we were not as careful or rigorous as we should have been (and as Tivoli was) in interpreting these experiments.

They touted their belief in the emergence and the evolution of all biodiversity on Earth.

As I was preparing this post, a long-term business partner called to tell me he was ending his efforts to sell human pheromone-enhanced fragrance products to those who understand how the products help to biophysically constrain viral latency in all mammals. Not enough people understand biologically-based cause and effect, which limits the market for anything that protects the organized genomes of people from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA.

See: [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)]

A study of the influence of pheromone stressor(s) on proliferating germ and somatic cells was performed on laboratory lines of house mouse in the context of the physiological hypothesis of mutation process, proposed by M.E. Lobashev in 1947. Data from experiments are presented, and results obtained during last 10-15 years are discussed. The adaptive role of cytogenetic and other observed pheromonal effects is considered. The possible existence of interorganism systems of genetic regulation is discussed, the search for and study of which may help in more complete understanding of the regularities of functioning of genetic material.

My business partner and I discussed the obvious fact that most people do not want to learn anything about preventative medicine or effective treatments for all pathology, and that most are willing to accept what they are told by “pill-pushing” medical practitioners. The medical practitioners will not tell them that feedback loops link food odors and pheromones to the biophysically constrained pathways of healthy longevity. The medical practitioners will not tell people that vaccines and drug therapies alter the feedback loops. The vaccines and drug therapies act on the energy-dependent creation of the same enzymes linked from the creation of sunlight to all biodiversity on Earth.

In mammals, this is manifested in links from what offspring ingest to their food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled survival. See for example: MicroRNAs: Milk’s epigenetic regulators

The deficiency of exosomal miRNAs in infant formula and the persistent uptake of milk miRNAs after the nursing period via consumption of cow’s milk are two epigenetic aberrations that may induce adverse long-term effects on human health.

It has been more that two decades since publication of The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality. We linked the pheromones from mother’s milk to the mother-infant bond and to adult behaviors. I am disappointed to admit that all experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect has been ignored by theorists who tout emergence and mutation-driven evolution.
Apparently, Nothing can stop them! They do not seem to realize that Dobzhansky’s “light of evolution” was sunlight and it linked ecological variation to ecological adaptation in all living genera via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.

Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (1973)

For example, the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla (p. 127).

See for comparison: Cytosis – The Science Behind the Game (free pdf download)

This is the four page booklet that explains the science in Cytosis. It was written and edited collaboratively by 20 PhD’s and Doctors through the world.

Please take some time to learn what happens to biologically uninformed theorists when serious scientists collaborate.

The collaborators achieved their common goal. The link from the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to ATP and the creation of RNA is clear to players 10y/o +. The link from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology in species from microbes to humans is equally clear..

Simply put 1) What organisms eat links the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency.

Simply put 2) Food odors and species-specific pheromones biophysically constrain viral latency.

Simply put 3) Feedback loops typically prevent the hecatombic evolution of pathology that starts with viruses in seawater or the viruses in bacteria that eat electrons and produce uranium isotopes.

You may not believe that the sun was created and may not think that electrons were created to be eaten. Winners of this game will not care what losers believe. Losers can compare what they believe about the evolution of hydrogen and all biodiversity to the facts known to serious scientists who helped to create this game.

Schrodinger's answer to Schrodinger's question

November 21, 2017

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations What's in the News

There is no such thing as de novo control of electrons or self-assembly.

Answering Schrödinger’s question: A free-energy formulation

The free-energy principle (FEP) is a formal model of neuronal processes that is widely recognised in neuroscience as a unifying theory of the brain and biobehaviour. More recently, however, it has been extended beyond the brain to explain the dynamics of living systems, and their unique capacity to avoid decay.

They don’t understand the question that Schrodinger answered. He linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction via what organisms eat. What they eat protects them from the virus-driven degradation of their messenger RNA. What they eat links food energy-dependent changes in base pairs from microRNA editing to RNA editing and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes of all individuals of all living genera.

Schrodinger answered this question: What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy? (video 6:37) Published on 30 Mar 2016

Abstract:

The anti-entropic force of virucidal ultraviolet light links guanine–cytosine (G⋅C) Watson–Crick base pairing from hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to supercoiled DNA, which protects the organized genomes of all living genera from virus-driven entropy. For example, protection of DNA from permanent UV damage occurs in the context of photosynthesis and nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to DNA repair. In the context of thermodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation, DNA repair enables the de novo creation of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Olfactory receptor genes are GPCRs. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes links chemotaxis and phototaxis from foraging behavior to social behavior in species from microbes to humans. Foraging behavior links ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of this atoms to ecosystems model of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Protein folding chemistry links nutrient-dependent microRNAs from microRNA flanking sequences to energy transfer and cell type differentiation in the context of adhesion proteins, and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy.

Life that is not protected from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA links the reduced number of food energy-dependent microRNAs to activation of the death gene. See for example:

Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene

The natural contribution of food energy is linked to the endogenous level of microRNA expression seen in neuronal cells in the context of limited cell death compared control glioblastoma cells. That fact was linked to the treatment of brain cancers.

For a review of how food energy-dependent microRNAs protect the organized genomes of all living genera from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links mutations to all pathology, see:

A Concise Review of MicroRNA Exploring the Insights of MicroRNA Regulations in Bacterial, Viral and Metabolic Diseases

For a example of how human idiocy has prevented the effective treatment of all pathology, see also:

Neuropathological and transcriptomic characteristics of the aged brain

Reported as: Researchers reveal new details on aged brain, Alzheimer’s and dementia

One factor that is not always taken into account when studying gene expression in the aged brain is the quality of the genetic material itself,” says Miller. “This variable is not necessarily related to any specific pathology or disease, but these results highlight the importance of properly controlling for RNA quality when studying the aged brain and indicate that degradation of genetic material may be an underappreciated feature of neurodegeneration or dementia.

Re: degradation of genetic material may be an underappreciated feature of neurodegeneration or dementia.

See: Cytosis

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

Energy-dependent structure and function: Until death (1)

October 11, 2017

by James Kohl with One Comment Autophagy Diseases & Disorders Human Brain Human Pheromones Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity RNA Directed RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression Variations

The structure-energy landscape of NMDA receptor gating

…using single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), we map the energy landscape of the first transmembrane segment of the Rattus norvegicus NMDA receptor under resting and various liganded conditions. These results show kinetically and structurally distinct changes associated with apo, agonist-bound, and inhibited receptors linked by a linear mechanism of gating at this site. Furthermore, the smFRET data suggest that allosteric inhibition by zinc occurs by an uncoupling of the agonist-induced changes at the extracellular domains from the gating motions leading to an apo-like state, while dizocilpine, a pore blocker, stabilizes multiple closely packed transmembrane states.

Achiral glycine in position 6 of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) decapeptide links the energy landscape from ecological variation to the stability of the 7 transmembrane states in the GnRH receptor to the creation of all biophysically constrained vertebrate biodiversity via feedback loops that link food odors and pheromones to the survival of all species on Earth. Organisms die without food and species become extinct when too many conspecifics die. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, links mutations to all pathology and to death and the extinction of species.
Reported as: Molecule Movements Through Nerve Cells Could Lead to Multi-functional Drugs

The NMDA receptor is set of four protein subunits, each with four domains, and each of those domains has a particular function. Collectively, they span the cell membrane. Each subunit can have many “states,” or shapes, that regulate which electrical signals — and how many of them — pass through. The subunits sit on each side of the channel and activate when they bind both glutamate and glycine neurotransmitter ligands and trigger the signaling pathway that allows positively charged ions to pass into the cell.

The energy-dependent “states” are the functional shapes of receptors that link electrical signals to receptor-mediated behavior and to all biodiversity. Their function can be examined in the context of links from electrons to ecosystems via cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
All energy-dependent functions in all living genera link top-down causation from food energy-dependent feedback loops to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species of microbes to survival of all species. For example, the effects of energy-dependent binding of glutamate and glycine neurotransmitter ligands to their substrates can be examined in the relatively simplistic context of this 2005 review of ecological variation and ecological adaptations.
Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

It appears that GnRH neurons integrate a variety of information about the internal state of the animal and its external environment. At least 10,000 neurons in 26 different brain areas appear to transmit signals directly to GnRH neurons. Among these are areas involved in odor and pheromone processing, sexual behavior, arousal, reward, and other functions. This suggests that GnRH neurons are poised to modulate reproductive physiology and behavior in accordance with the overall state of the animal.

These studies also indicate that GnRH neurons are likely to influence numerous brain functions. They appear to transmit signals to as many as 30,000 or more neurons in 34 brain areas, consistent with previous studies showing GnRH+ fibers and GnRH receptors in multiple brain regions (Badr and Pelletier, 1987; Jennes et al., 1988; Jennes et al., 1997). BL+ neurons likely to receive synaptic input from GnRH neurons were seen in areas associated with numerous different functions, including odor and pheromone processing, sexual behavior, appetite, defensive behavior, motor programs, and the relay of information to higher cortical areas. These results may reflect a strategy wherein GnRH neurons can modify diverse functions in order to coordinate the internal state of the animal and its behavior with reproduction in order to optimize reproductive success.

See for comparison to what is known about the feedback loops: Replication defective viral genomes exploit a cellular pro-survival mechanism to establish paramyxovirus persistence
My summary: Viral persistence (paramyxovirus persistence) and biophysically constrained epigenetically-effected viral latency require the energy-dependent fine-tuning of epigenesis and epistasis that links the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction from species of microbes to humans via what is known about soil microbes, fescue toxicosis, and the bull sperm microRNAome.
The most confusing representation of biophysically constrained energy-dependent epigenetically-effected top-down causation I have ever seen was reported as: Team shows how seemingly acute viral infections can persist

…our cells are wired to survive if they are engaged in an antiviral response…

One expert from the report, which is about the well known aspects of food energy-dependent autophagy attests to all the facts known to serious scientists. The facts refute the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by most theorists. For example, see the three articles that link the food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in soil bacteria to all biodiversity in mammals.

The presence of viruses in semen is probably more widespread than currently appreciated, and the absence of virus in genital secretions should not be assumed for traditionally non–sexually transmitted viruses. The investigation of virus detection and persistence in semen across a range of viruses is useful for clinical and public health reasons, in particular for viruses that lead to high mortality or morbidity rates or to epidemics.

The presence of viruses in bacteria (bacteriophages) and in semen attests help to explain how serious scientists have linked the virus-driven theft of quantized energy from the degradation of messenger RNA to mutations and all pathology in all living genera. The facts can now be placed into the context of the fact that other organisms typically do not commit suicide. Energy-dependent autophagy typically links chirality to the protection of all cell types in all individuals of all species from suicide. That fact left me and others with questions about why people commit suicide.
See: Energy-dependent structure and function: Until death (2)
See also: Energy-dependent structure and function: Until death (3)

God vs host-derived creation of virus-driven pathology (2)

August 24, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Model Organisms RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated gene silencing

See first: God vs host-derived creation of virus-driven pathology

When you next see someone claim that “…there is very little knowledge about the gut microbiome” you may associate that claim with the ignorance touted by neo-Darwinian theorists and compare it to what anyone 10 years-old or older will learn when they play the cell biology game “Cystosis.” A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!
Moving forward: Food energy is required to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking viruses. The metabolism of food to species-specific pheromones that control the physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans is represented in this presentation from 2009 by Eshel Ben-Jacob.

At 39:10, he declares that the link from food energy to pheromones and behavior is “epigenetic.”‘
See also: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (video)

Published on 15 Feb 2017

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy.
The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.
This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes.
For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

See for comparison: Preprocessing of emotional visual information in the human piriform cortex

To conclude, our findings support the specific role of the piriform cortex beyond a mere sensory relay up to a higher-order associative brain area. We are the first to demonstrate that the human piriform cortex processes emotional visual information before odor perception. Moreover, we found a common activation pattern in regions of the olfactory network such as piriform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus for the subsequent integration of the emotional visual information while processing the actual odor. Matching behavioral results reveal that the emotion of a facial expression influences the valence rating of an odor. Thus, the behavioral observation as well as brain activation data jointly point towards a preprocessed integration of emotional visual information that modulates olfactory processing.

Their ridiculous conclusion, which is based on brain imaging linked to behavior, makes it appear that humans are primarily visual creatures.For comparison, see: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

It has been a long-standing observation in the clinic that autoimmune diseases evolve over time, attacking an ever-expanding array of organs and tissues – a phenomenon known as ‘epitope spreading…

The observation fails to link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology via energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance. See for comparison: microRNA Items: 1 to 20 of 63935

“It’s truly natural selection on a microcosm,” says van der Poel. “Once activated, there are ten different possible colors to represent different B cell clones. Over a week or two, the color diversity begins to shift—eventually one color dominates, representing a single clone winning out.”

It’s energy-dependent RNA-mediated autophagy. Activation is energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality must be linked from ecological variation to ecological adaptation via the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. These researchers are making unsubstantiated claims about the “evolution” of pathology at a time when all serious scientists know that all pathology is caused by virus-driven energy theft.