Caption: Contemporary analyses of cell metabolism have called out three metabolites: ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA, as sentinel molecules whose accumulation represent much of the purpose of the catabolic arms of metabolism and then drive many anabolic pathways. Such analyses largely leave out how and why ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA (Figure 1) at the molecular level play such central roles. Yet, without those insights into why cells accumulate them and how the enabling properties of these key metabolites power much of cell metabolism, the underlying molecular logic remains mysterious. Four other metabolites, S-adenosylmethionine, carbamoyl phosphate, UDP-glucose, and Δ2-isopentenyl-PP play similar roles in using group transfer chemistry to drive otherwise unfavorable biosynthetic equilibria. This review provides the underlying chemical logic to remind how these seven key molecules function as mobile packets of cellular currencies for phosphoryl transfers (ATP), acyl transfers (acetyl-CoA, carbamoyl-P), methyl transfers (SAM), prenyl transfers (IPP), glucosyl transfers (UDP-glucose), and electron and ADP-ribosyl transfers (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+) to drive metabolic transformations in and across most primary pathways. The eighth key metabolite is molecular oxygen (O2), thermodynamically activated for reduction by one electron path, leaving it kinetically stable to the vast majority of organic cellular metabolites

The eternal significance of microRNAs (5)

Excerpt: Researchers in South Korea, for example, have reminded the God-less Communist dictator of North Korea that one microRNA-mediated amino acid substitution in the influenza B virus could decimate the human populations that he thinks he rules.
Conclusion: Conserved energy biophysically constrains viral latency.

Ridiculously ignorant objections to my publication in what others claim is a predatory journal can be compared to my objection to publication of this article in PNAS.

Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk
1) They linked environmental selection to the frequency of the EDAR V370A variant in the mouse model via positive selection for modulation of thermoregulatory sweating.
2) They linked environmental selection to similarities in human populations in North Asia, East Asia, and the New World. But they virtually ignored the mouse model of food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained ecological adaptation.
I linked the same food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled base pair change and microRNA-mediated fixation of the same amino acid substitution to all biodiversity in all living genera via feedback loops. See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

Others see what passes peer-review published in journals that support the expense of efforts made by pseudoscientists and other theorists, but they claim that the OMICS journals are predatory. I claim that pseudoscientists and other theorists do not know the difference between predation and sympatric speciation because they place predation into the context of evolved biodiversity.

For comparison see: Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow

Reported as: Baleen Whale Genomes Point to Evolution With Gene Flow

Large baleen whales in the Balaenopteridae family (commonly known as rorqual whales) have undergone sympatric speciation — speciation without clear geographic barriers between them — despite ongoing hybridization, according to new research from investigators in Sweden and Germany.

System-wide Rewiring Underlies Behavioral Differences in Predatory and Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes

Reported as:

“The patterns of synaptic connections perfectly mirror the fundamental differences in the feeding behaviours of P. pacificus and C. elegans”, Ralf Sommer concludes. A clear-cut result like that was not what he had necessarily expected.

Neo-Darwinian theorists and other biologically uniformed pseudoscientists have failed to use any common sense in attempts to link what organisms eat from the physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained biodiversity.  For comparison, serious scientists have forced the denuclearization of North Korea by reminding others to start with what is known about how food energy-dependent autophagy protects all life on Earth from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

…as a reviewer, it is tiresome to raise the same objections repeatedly, wondering why researchers have not fulfilled some of the basic requirements for establishing the occurrence of an autophagic process.

 …appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used.

Researchers in South Korea, for example, have reminded the God-less Communist dictator of North Korea that one microRNA-mediated amino acid substitution in the influenza B virus could decimate the human populations that he thinks he rules.

See: A Single Amino Acid at the Polymerase Acidic Protein Determines the Pathogenicity of Influenza B Viruses

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

2018 March for Science vs microRNAs (2)

The anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight on contact with water has been linked from the creation of ATP synthase to the creation of ATP and to the creation of RNA. Energy-dependent RNA-mediated DNA repair has been linked to biophysically constrained viral latency via the creation of microRNAs and feedback loops linked to the food energy-dependent microRNA-mediated physiology of reproduction. The physiology of energy-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of the creation of the innate immune system and autophagy.
See: miRNA regulation of innate immunity (4/14/18)
None of the facts about the energy-dependent creation of the microRNAs or the microRNA-mediated regulation of innate immunity are included in: The Transcription Factor Runx3 Establishes Chromatin Accessibility of cis-Regulatory Landscapes that Drive Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Formation (4/17/18)
The regulatory landscape that drive memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte formation might just as well be framed in the context of magic or in the equally ridiculous context of gene-centric theories.
See this report: Your immune system holds the line against repeat invaders, thanks to this molecule

Runx3’s control of T cell differentiation is important because when our bodies fight off viruses and cancers—and our T cells burst into action—the vast majority tend to become effector cells. These effector cells are short-lived and do not persist once the infection resolves.

The control of all cell type differentiation is energy-dependent, RNA-mediated and biophysically constrained by the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. The cell biology game “Cytosis” for ages 10+ teaches the facts that link Schrödinger (1944) What is Life? to Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
In 1944, Schrödinger wrote:

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)

See for comparison (this gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense):
– Part I: FINDING THE CODE (Run time: 12:10
The race to sequence the human genome was also billed as a race to end disease. What happened?

– Part II: FIXING THE CODE (Run time: 13:07)
CRISPR — and the promise and pain of gene therapy that came before it. 

– Part III: SELLING THE CODE (Run time: 10:55)
Genetic testing has moved out of the labs into the masses. But even with your genome in hand, what can you believe?
The gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense does not start with the creation of energy.  But every aspect of biophysically constrained life on Earth starts with the quantized energy-dependent creation of microRNAs. The epigenetically effected energy-dependent microRNA-mediated creation of the “Code” and the microRNA-mediated fixing of the “Code” is missing from the claims of biologically uninformed theorists who link beneficial mutations from natural selection to evolution. They have sold their gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense to many people.
For example, some gene-centric biologically uninformed theorists share beliefs about abiogenesis for comparison to quantized energy-dependent microRNA biogenesis in articles like this: DNA Denaturing through UV-C Photon Dissipation: A Possible Route to Archean Non-enzymatic Replication
Conclusion:

Many of the fundamental molecules of life, those common to all three domains; bacteria, eukaryote, and archea, including RNA and DNA, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, cofactors, and protoporphyrins, absorb photons in the UV-C 1. RNA or DNA in complexes with these molecules act as acceptor quenchers, providing the electronically excited pigment donor molecule with an extremely rapid (sub picosecond) non-radiative dexcitation channel, through internal conversion into vibrational energy of the nucleic acid and surrounding water molecules2.

See John Hewitt’s comment: You have just described the founding principle and thermodynamic function of life
In a classic example of human idiocy (See Feynman: food energy), biologically uninformed science idiots linked the dissipation of quantized energy to the origin of life via abiogenesis. The creation of biophysically constrained biophotonicaly based life in the context of the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs was reported in the context of photon dissipation and entropy as: Abiogenesis: A Theory on The Origins of Life

By now, we all know how evolution works. At least, most of us have a basic understanding of how it functions. At its most fundamental level, evolution is change over time. More specifically, it is changes within a biological population over successive generations.

Ultimately, biological complexity is one of the most important things to come out of evolution. Things started simple. Then genes mutated, cells interacted with their environment, mitochondria stopped being living organisms and started being part of a cell and—Tada—complex life.

A conflict arose between John Hewitt’s accurate representations of biophysically constrained life in The vibrational theory of olfaction for the win  and few months ago, Hewitt blocked me from seeing his tweets.

The same kinds of amino acid substitutions that control the separations and interactions of side chains in fluorescent proteins also play an essential role in tuning the proposed mechanism for vibration detection—inelastic electron tunneling. Life literally runs on electron tunneling through the respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria. These proteins employ complicated mechanisms including esoteric-soundings things like electron bifurcation and confurcation to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. When mitochondria go dark, cells can often continue to run for a short while, but it is only in the dim glow of the battery backup metabolism.

Here are some links to the reason for the conflict. Simply put, John Hewitt put everything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent microRNA biogenesis back into the context of abiogenesis.
2005 MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing
2015 Dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis and gene silencing in cancer
2015 RNA-mediated degradation of microRNAs: A widespread viral strategy?
Claims about abiogenesis exemplify what Richard Feynman referred to as human idiocy. So does John Hewitt and anyone else who believes in Michaelian’s pseudoscientific nonsense.
See other examples of Michaelian’s pseudoscientific nonsense and human idiocy by clicking here.
The energy-dependent creation of one domain of life links the physiology of reproduction in bacteria to biophysically constrained viral latency. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA is linked to the destruction of all life on Earth.
The degradation of messenger RNA links mutations to the creation of archaea and L-forms via entropy, which clearly links the weakening of the proton motive force to the elimination of the cell wall in L-forms (the last remnants of creation).
See also: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome
If you cannot link the miRNA regulation of innate immunity to all extant biodiversity via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and fixation of energy-dependent microRNA-mediated amino acid substitutions, thank a biologically uniformed science idiot.
 

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

The eternal significance of microRNAs (1) – revisited

I have never been forced to revisit a blog post on the day after it was posted, until now. The Scientist has misrepresented everything known to all serious scientists about the eternal significance of microRNAs in:
Sweet Tooth Gene Tied to Less Body Fat

“These results suggest that FGF21 has pleiotropic effects, with separate effects on macronutrient intake to those on body shape and blood pressure,” the authors write in their report.

My comment to The Scientist

See All About that Base (Meghan Trainor Parody) 12/10/14 from the Zechiedrich lab and their 2015 published work: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

A Common Allele in FGF21 Associated with Sugar Intake Is Associated with Body Shape, Lower Total Body-Fat Percentage, and Higher Blood Pressure is an open access publication.

The authors link one food energy-dependent change in a base pair from rs838133, which is an A/G/T single-nucleotide variation on human chromosome 19, to biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity in the mouse-primate-human model of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

In that model, and in all model organisms feedback loops link what organisms eat to all morphological and behavioral diversity. See: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

The atoms to ecosystems model of sympatric speciation refutes neo-Darwinian pseudoscentific nonsense by linking rs3827760, also known as 1540T/C, 370A, V370A, or Val370Ala, from a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2 to conserved morphological and behavioral phenotypes in mice and humans.

My past comments to The Scientist may be removed before others can see how my 500+ comments have continued to attest to the facts about sympatric speciation since the time that Eugene Garfield posted his comment about “The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality. See “Scent of a Book Deal” (1995)
We made a deal with the editor at Continuum Publishing  to include an attestation to mutations and evolution. I mentioned that to the late Eugene Garfield at the time I met with him in Minot, ND during a conference he funded in its entirety. His friend William Turner and I were among the few people who knew that Gene was present. He kept a low profile so that he could listen and learn.

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

Anti-entropic sunlight: Schrödinger’s Creationist Secret? (5)

Anti-entropic sunlight: Schrödinger’s Creationist Secret? (3)


The list of those scheduled to present has changed. Michael Rosbash has been added. John E. Walker is not scheduled, which suggests that everyone else already knows that the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy is the link from the creation of ATP to the creation of RNA and all biophysically constrained viral latency via feedback loops and the physiology of reproduction.
Rosbash, as all serious scientists know,  started with energy-dependent changes in cycles of RNA biosynthesis. Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels (1990). Pseudoscientists failed to link the energy from feedback to biophysically constrained viral latency.
But see: Permeability transition in human mitochondria persists in the absence of peripheral stalk subunits of ATP synthase

Production of ATP depends on the oxidation of energy-rich compounds to produce a chemical potential difference for hydrogen ions, the proton motive force (pmf), across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).

Other serious scientists have consistently linked photophosphorylation from oxidative phosphorylation to all biodiversity via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from soil bacteria to humans
Speakers (new copy-protected list)
Speakers (old list)
See also: Viral Resistance Project
The differences in innate immunity and ecological adaptation are obviously nutrient energy-dependent and transgenerationally inherited in the context of the epigenetically-effected physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and the affects of hormones on behavior. For instance, pheromones biophysically constrain viral latency via the fixation of amino acid substitutions.
See for comparison: Evolution – Genetic Novelty/Genomic Variations by RNA Networks and Viruses
There are several neo-Darwinian theorists who are scheduled to present, which means they may be ready to accept the ridicule from serious scientists.
See for example: A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution

Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and, thus, can evolve.

See also: Why I got rid of my friends
Some of my former friends kept dumping their garbage about evolution on others in the same way that I. King Jordan and Eugene Koonin did it with their comment about the evolution of the amino acid composition of proteins. See for comparison: All About that Base (Meghan Trainor Parody) 12/10/14 and Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference 2/15/17
Help others who are Combating Evolution to Fight Disease

An evolutionary theory killer

A reversible TCA cycle in a thermophile (2)

Summary: The energy-dependent creation of ATP has been linked from the energy-dependent creation of RNA to feedback loops that link the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to biodiversity in species from microbes to humans via olfaction and pheromones. Anyone who continues to try to place the facts into the context of brain stimulation by visual input and ignore the facts about how the creation of microRNAs must be linked from creation of the sense of smell to all biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity is playing a fool’s game.
See first: A reversible TCA cycle in a thermophile
See also: Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels (1990)
Thermodynamic cycles of ATP-dependent protein biosynthesis and/or the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA have since been linked to healthy longevity or from circadian disruption to diseases of the brain and body, such as depression, Crohn’s disease, IBD, heart disease or cancer.
See: Timing is everything, to our genes

 This will have huge impact on understanding the mechanisms or optimizing cures for at least 150 diseases.”

If that was true, the work in the 1990’s that led to Rosbash sharing the 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine would already have been placed into the context of this published work.Olfactory Receptor Patterning in a Higher Primate (2014).
See also, Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction another work by LInda Buck, who shared the 2004 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine and who coauthored both articles.
Instead of linking the energy-dependent pheromone-controlled feedback loops from the physiology of reproduction in thermophiles to the physiology of food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled feedback loops in humans, we have been left the examples of human idiocy in the context of Richard Feynman’s claims and the claims of all other serious scientists.
See:

See also: Single-cell analysis of experience-dependent transcriptomic states in the mouse visual cortex Published online: 11 December 2017

Activity-dependent transcriptional responses shape cortical function.

Reported as: Single-cell analysis of experience-dependent transcriptomic states in the mouse visual cortex  on December 13, 2017

…these results reveal the dynamic landscape of the stimulus-dependent transcriptional changes occurring across cell types in the visual cortex; these changes are probably critical for cortical function and may be sites of deregulation in developmental brain disorders.

Reported on and on February 8, 2018 Single-cell analysis reveals diverse landscape of genetic changes in the brain after a sensory experience

Experience and environmental stimuli appear to almost constantly affect gene expression and function throughout the brain. This may help us to understand how processes such as learning and memory formation, which require long-term changes in the brain, arise from the short bursts of electrical activity through which neurons signal to each other,” Greenberg said.

One especially interesting area of inquiry, according to Greenberg, includes the regulatory elements that control the expression of genes in response to sensory experience. In a paper published earlier this year in Molecular Cell, he and his team explored the activity of the FOS/JUN protein complex, which is expressed across many different in the brain but appears to regulate unique programs in each different cell type.

The energy-dependent creation of ATP has been linked from the energy-dependent creation of RNA to feedback loops that link the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to biodiversity in species from microbes to humans via olfaction and pheromones. Anyone who continues to try to place the facts into the context of brain stimulation by visual input and ignore the facts about how the creation of microRNAs must be linked from creation of the sense of smell to all biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity is playing a fool’s game. They should stop doing that long enough to play the cell biology game “Cytosis” and wait to link particle physics to from quantum chemistry to all biodiversity by what is known to serious scientists about energy-dependent top-down causation is biophysically constrained by the physiology of reproduction.

5th-6th Sept 2018 Dublin, Ireland

Anti-entropic sunlight: Schrödinger’s Creationist Secret? (3)

Summary: Theorists and most science journalists have failed to link the anti-entropic energy of sunlight from physical constraints on the creation of new galaxies to the biophysical constraints of ultraviolet light on viral latency. Viral latency prevents mutation-driven evolution in the context of the energy-dependent creation of ATP, microRNAs, RNA and established links from base editing to microRNA editing and RNA editing. Every aspect of energy-dependent editing links alternative splicings of pre-mRNA (microRNAs) from light-activated endogenous substrates to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Feedback loops link food odors and pheromones to all biodiversity via what has been known or suspected about biophysically constrained feedback for more than 50 years.
A whirling plane of satellite galaxies around Centaurus A challenges cold dark matter cosmology Feb 2, 2018
Reported as:

This is inconsistent with more than 99% of comparable galaxies in simulations. Centaurus A, the Milky Way, and Andromeda all have highly statistically unlikely satellite systems. This observational evidence suggests that something is wrong with standard cosmological simulations.Science, this issue p. 534; see also p. 520

See also: Synchronized Galactic Orbit Challenges Our Best Theory of How the Universe Works Feb 1, 2018
Thanks to Dan Winter for his comment.

“… kind of funny when they fail to recognize a simple picture of phase conjugate (opposing cones) doing ‘4 wave mixing’ – which is how gravity is stabilized- AND emerges into self organization (negentropy)-those who are basically clueless to why objects fall to the ground- have no hope of understanding that the phase conjugate cause of gravity- (www.fractalfield.com/conjugategravity ) is ITSELF the path out of the entropy (belief in inevitable chaos) those fatalists try to infect us with…”

See also: A measurement of the z = 0 UV background from Hα fluorescence

This value is consistent with transmission statistics of the Lyα forest and with recent models of a UVB that is dominated by quasars.

Reported as: Universe’s ultraviolet background could provide clues about missing galaxies

Simulations show that there should be more small galaxies in the Universe, but UV radiation essentially stopped them from developing by depriving them of the gas they need to form stars.

Theorists and most science journalists have failed to link the anti-entropic energy of sunlight from physical constraints on the creation of new galaxies to the biophysical constraints of ultraviolet light on viral latency. Viral latency prevents mutation-driven evolution in the context of the energy-dependent creation of ATP, microRNAs, RNA and established links from base editing to microRNA editing and RNA editing. Every aspect of energy-dependent editing links alternative splicings of pre-mRNA (microRNAs) from light-activated endogenous substrates to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Feedback loops link food odors and pheromones to all biodiversity via what has been known or suspected about biophysically constrained feedback for more than 50 years.
Serious scientists are beginning to wonder when pseudoscientists and all science journalists will report findings in the context of top-down causation and energy-dependent constraints. Thankfully, we are about to see constraints placed on the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense reported.
See for examples: 
Co-author, John E. Walker is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
Structure of the mitochondrial ATP synthase from Pichia angusta determined by electron cryo-microscopy

Living cells need fuel in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, to stay alive. This fuel is generated by a molecular machine made of two motors joined by a rotor. One generates rotation by using energy provided by oxidative metabolism or photosynthesis; the other uses energy transmitted by the rotor to make ATP molecules from its building blocks, adenosine diphosphate, or ADP, and inorganic phosphate. The structure has been determined of a fungal machine, isolated from its cellular power stations, the mitochondria, where the machine operates. It provides unsuspected details of the blueprint of the machine and how it works. The working principles of the fungal machine apply to similar machines in all species.

Permeability transition in human mitochondria persists in the absence of peripheral stalk subunits of ATP synthase

Mitochondria generate the cellular fuel ATP to sustain complex life. Production of ATP depends on the oxidation of energy-rich compounds to produce a chemical potential difference for hydrogen ions, the proton motive force (pmf), across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Disruption of the IMM, dissipation of the pmf, and cell death occur if the concentration of calcium ions inside mitochondria is sufficiently elevated to open a pore in the IMM. The identity of the pore is disputed. One proposal is that the pore is in the enzyme that makes ATP. Here, we show that proteins in the enzyme’s peripheral stalk are not involved in the formation or regulation of the pore.

Co-author, Susumu Tonegawa is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018

Tagging activated neurons with light

Two new protein tools translate neuronal activity into gene expression during a light-defined time window.

Co-author,Ada E. Yonath is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018

The cryo-EM structure of hibernating 100S ribosome dimer from pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus

…we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the native 100S ribosome from S. aureus, revealing the molecular mechanism of its formation. The structure is distinct from previously reported analogs and relies on the HPF C-terminal extension forming the binding platform for the interactions between both of the small ribosomal subunits. The 100S dimer is formed through interactions between rRNA h26, h40, and protein uS2, involving conformational changes of the head as well as surface regions that could potentially prevent RNA polymerase from docking to the ribosome.

Co-author, John O’Keefe is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018

The honeycomb maze provides a novel test to study hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation

Rats learn rapidly and their choices are influenced by three factors: the angle between the two choice platforms, the distance from the goal, and the angle between the correct platform and the direction of the goal. Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired in learning and their performance is affected by all three factors.

Co-author, Linda Buck is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

These studies reveal a complex interplay between reproduction and other functions in which GnRH neurons appear to integrate information from multiple sources and modulate a variety of brain functions.

The levels of complexity include everything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent niche construction and changes in the fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions that differentiate the cell types of all individuals of all species.
See for example: Hypothalamic microRNAs flip the switch for fertility (2017); The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression (2014); and the section on molecular epigenetics from our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans (Adler and Hajduk, 1994; de Bono, Zarkower, and Hodgkin, 1995; Ge, Zuo, and Manley, 1991; Green, 1991; Parkhurst and Meneely, 1994; Wilkins, 1995; Wolfner, 1988). That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.

See for contrasting ignorance:Universal Alternative Splicing of Noncoding Exons (2018)

We propose that noncoding exons are functionally modular, with alternative splicing generating an enormous repertoire of potential regulatory RNAs and a rich transcriptional reservoir for gene evolution.

See also: (Co-author, Linda Partridge is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018)
Drosophila as a model for ageing

Drosophila melanogaster has been a key model in developing our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ageing. Of particular note is its role in establishing the evolutionary conservation of reduced insulin and IGF-1-like signaling in promoting healthy ageing.

Sense and antisense RNA are not toxic in Drosophila models of C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD

We confirmed that these RNA foci are capable of sequestering endogenous Drosophila RNA-binding proteins, and that the production of dipeptide proteins (poly-glycine-proline, and poly-glycine-arginine) is suppressed in our models. We find that neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear sense or antisense RNA are toxic when expressed in adult Drosophila neurons, suggesting they have a limited role in disease pathogenesis.

Schrödinger (1944) “What is LIfe?”  placed energy-dependent biophysical constraints on viral latency into the context of light-activated endogenous substrates and ecological adaptations via the physiology of reproduction in species from soil microbes to humans.

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)

See for comparison: Mutation-Driven Evolution (2013) and my refutation of that pseudoscientific nonsense in Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model, which was published on the same day.
See also for a brief video review: “What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy”

 

Sunlight as information

The MicroRNAome Strikes Back: A Sokalian hoax (3)

One way to recognize a Sokalian hoax is to determine whether the claims can be linked from gravity or from the speed of light on contact with water to feedback loops that biophysically constrain viral latency and all biodiversity in all living genera.

See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

See for comparison: Chiromagnetic nanoparticles and gels

Reported as: Nanoparticle gel controls twisted light with magnetism

The trick, the researchers found, was to twist the nanoparticles themselves by coating them with amino acids.
 

What kind of carefully-designed “trick” is that? Could it be linked by serious scientists to the prevention of all pathology?

See:

Energy-dependent light-modulated reversible chemical changes in the chirality of the nanoparticles produces is linked to a heightened sensitivity to magnetism that strengthens the interactions with circularly polarized light. That suggests the next thing that theorists will learn about is achiral glycine in position 6 of the gonadotropin releasing hormone decapeptide. Achiral glycine is the food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled RNA-mediated amino acid substitution that stabilizes all organized genomes in vertebrates that supposedly evolved during the past 600 million years.

See: Evolution of Constrained Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Ligand Conformation and Receptor Selectivity

These findings indicate that the substitution of glycine for a chiral amino acid in GnRH during evolution allows a more constrained conformation for receptor binding and that this subtle single amino acid substitution in a site remote from the ligand functional domains has marked effects on its structure and activity.

In the context of food and pheromones the “nanoparticles” are microRNAs that link what organisms eat from the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to all biophysically constrained biodiversity via the anti-entropic virucidal effects of sunlight.

There is a model for that:

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements.

The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.

This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA.

Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes.

For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

If serious scientists are right about the protection of organized genomes that has repeatedly been place into the context of  feedback loops and autophagy, which protects all orgnanized genomes from virus-driven degradation of their messenger RNA, the recent series of Abcam buyouts can readily be explained.

See: Abcam acquires rights to over 700 Roche products in new licensing deal

The deal marks the latest in a series of moves by Abcam to expand its portfolio, which now includes more than 120,000 products. Since 2011, the biotech has made a number of acquisitions to this end, including AxioMx, Ascent Scientific, Epitomics, Firefly Bioworks and MitoSciences.

This is a fitting end to my efforts to inform others about the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense they have been subjected to during the past few decades. The discovery of the death gene was made by serious scientists working for Abcam in the early 1990s. It was linked from the discovery of pre-mRNAs (now called microRNAs and many other things) and prevention of cancer cell type proliferation in glioblastoma.

See: Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene (2011)

See also: A Concise Review of MicroRNA Exploring the Insights of MicroRNA Regulations in Bacterial, Viral and Metabolic Diseases

It is time for anyone still touting the pseudoscientific nonsense about mutation-driven evolution to prepare for this conference. Mechanisms of Recombination conference

The first preparatory step should be to admit that your commercial interests or your interest in pursuing an academic career in the academic swamp prevented you from examining truth or telling it to help stop the unnecessary suffering and premature death of millions. The next step should be to find a place to hide until all other pseudoscientists proclaim that evolution is ecological adaptation and that they have always known that.

See for comparison: Study finds convergent evolution of gene regulation in humans and mice January 18, 2018

Organisms that aren’t closely related may evolve similar traits as they adapt to similar challenges. It’s called convergent evolution…

No, ecological adaptation is not called convergent evolution.

See also: High-Resolution Crystal Structure of RpoS Fragment including a Partial Region 1.2 and Region 2 from the Intracellular Pathogen Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila RpoS (LpRpoS), an alternative sigma factor of RNA polymerase (RNAP), is essential for virulence and stress resistance. To investigate the mechanism of RpoS in the intracellular pathogen L. pneumophila, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of the LpRpoS 95–195 containing a partial region 1.2 and region 2. The structure of LpRpoS 95–195 reveals that the conserved residues are critical for promoter melting, DNA and core RNAP binding. The differences in regulatory factor binding site between Escherichia coli RpoS and LpRpoS suggest that LpRpoS may employ a distinct mechanism to recruit alternative regulatory factors controlling transcription initiation.

Compare the claims about the “alternative sigma factor of RNA polymerase” and virulence or stress resistance in the context of what is known about food energy-dependent microRNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity.

microRNA Items: 1 to 20 of 69027

See also: The Postmodernism Generator web page (generates a random postmodernist article each time loaded)

Via the use of terms for microRNA that have bastardized the concept of energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency, you might be able to create a Postmodernism Generator for pseudoscientists who do not want anyone to know that Abcam applications of current technology will help to prevent or effectively treat activation of your death gene.

At a time when all food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biodiversity has clearly been linked from the speed of light on contact with water to biophysically constrained viral latency in all genera, what excuse is left for the ignorance of theorists who have never examined the facts in published works like these:

Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

Viral MicroRNAs, Host MicroRNAs Regulating Viruses, and Bacterial MicroRNA-Like RNAs

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

The tipping point (revisted): 69,000 publications

See first: The tipping point (revisited): 68,000 publications December 21, 2017
On December 24, 2017, I started a “tweet” series on Twitter, which was designed to test the response to accurate information about RNA-mediated energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency. Nearly 80,000 impressions have led to few engagements and virtually no discussion during a time when almost 1000 additional published works have been indexed on the PubMed database.
In my January 20, 2018 PubMed search for term “microRNA,” among nearly 69,000 results, I found:
Small RNA pathways responsible for non-cell-autonomous regulation of plant reproduction

…the non-cell-autonomous regulation by somatic companions plays important roles in efficient reproduction, in addition to the cell-autonomous regulation. Epigenetic silencing of transposable elements is one of the central events by which the germline transmits the error-free genome to the next generation.

Non-cell-autonomous microRNA-mediated regulation of plant reproductive physiology links the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in soil bacteria to the creation of selenocysteine via the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight.
Today’s blog post target audience is the biologically uninformed science journalists who refuse to ask or to answer questions about mutations and evolution, especially when the questions are placed into the context of what is known to all serious scientists about The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression.
See: The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression. What is known to serious scientists link Schrodinger’s claims about sunlight from negentropy (aka the anti-entropic virucidal effects of UV light) to the creation of soil bacteria, bull dung (aka BS), and back to all biophysically constrained viral latency and biodiversity.
Without the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and enzymes I do not believe that the vertebrate-like metabolism of food to pheromones in insects and elephants could be linked from fescue toxicosis, BS, and the bull sperm microRNAome to healthy longevity or to all virus-driven pathology.
Insect pheromone in elephants (1996)

SIR – (Z)-7-dodecen-l-yl acetate is used by the females of more than 126 species of insects, especially Lepidoptera, as part of their pheromone blends to attract insect males1. Female Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, also use a pheromone to signal to males their readiness to mate2.

See also:

Abstract:

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.

This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

I think that Facile Recoding of Selenocysteine in Nature  should be considered by intelligent science journalists to be an example of how energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency must be linked from the creation of microRNAs to all biodiversity.
Ridiculous claims of cell-autonomous regulation of the functional structure of supercoiled DNA should be replaced by what is known about the light-activated endogenous substrates, which also are required for the biogenic creation of uranium ores.
Claims that the light-activated creation of ATP, RNA, and all energy-dependent biophysically constrained biodiversity can now be viewed in the context of published works make biologically uninformed science journalists appear to be the purveyors of pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwinian theorists.
See for comparison:  Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

See also: Cytosis

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

The science behind the game Cytosis and the science behind the claims of energy-dependent creation of all biophysically constrained biodiversity can now be learned by playing a cell biology game for anyone 10 years old or older. That probably includes most so-called science journalists. They can now learn enough about cell biology from a game to inform their target audience.
However, that’s probably not going to happen. Here’s why:

“A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it.” — Max Planck

See also: Nobody wants to belong to the party of losers. One of the best strategies in such a case is evidently an interpretation of the change as a gradual accumulation of knowledge while their work has always been at the cutting edge. — Kalevi Kull
Most science journalists have been trapped by pseudoscientists who have taught the journalists to believe that cutting edge research supported claims about neo-Darwinian evolution. They have been trapped in examples of human idiocy,

 

"Evolution of Man. - Undoubtedly there once lived upon the earth races of men who were much lower in their mental organization than the present inhabitants.

Autophagy is the antiphage defense strategy (2)

2/15/17 Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (video)
The 6.46 minute-long technical presentation (above) from the Precision Medicine Virtual Conference is difficult to understand.Thus, 10 months later, Nik Willmore asked:

12/24/17 What are your insights into CRISPR and mTOR, for a young audience? I’m not mocking you…yet, Humpty Dumpty. What is the basis of your unifying principle? Vibration? Bohmian morphogenetic fields? Modified Darwin? God? –Nik Willmore 

12/25/17 Replying to

God created the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight and all energy-dependent biodiversity via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction. I co-authored a book about that for a young audience in 1995/2002, and a 6-part series for today.

1/1/18 Replying to

Do you understand any aspect of how to model biophysically constrained biologically-based energy-dependent top-town causation and bottom-up effects on cell type differentiation via the physiology of reproduction and autophagy? The “walking fish” walks straight from quantum physics to quantum souls (2)

1/9/18 Viral suppressors of RNAi employ a rapid screening mode to discriminate viral RNA from cellular small RNA

My paraphrased summary:

RNA interference (RNAi) is our indispensable antiphage defense mechanism. Viruses escape the defense system by the theft of quantized energy, which encodes RNAi suppressors that prevent elimination of viral RNAs. The suppressors ensure energy-dependent virus accumulation.

1/12/18 Human cytomegalovirus-encoded miR-UL112 contributes to HCMV-mediated vascular diseases by inducing vascular endothelial cell dysfunction

The significantly altered pathways mainly include the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, circadian rhythm-mammal, mineral absorption, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and arachidonic acid metabolism. In conclusion, hcmv-miR-UL112 could serve as a potential biomarker, and the miRNA-mediated regulation of signaling pathways might play significant roles in the physiological effects of hcmv-associated diseases.

1/12/18 H5N1 influenza virus-specific miRNA-like small RNA increases cytokine production and mouse mortality via targeting poly(rC)-binding protein 2

We conclude that miR-HA-3p is the first identified influenza virus-encoded microRNA-like functional RNA fragment and a novel virulence factor contributing to H5N1-induced ‘cytokine storm’ and mortality.

Virus-encoded microRNA-like functional RNA fragments are not novel virulence factors. They link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology in all living genera via the theft of quanitzed energy, which typically links the fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to healthy longevity.
See: Viral MicroRNAs, Host MicroRNAs Regulating Viruses, and Bacterial MicroRNA-Like RNAs
All serious scientists know what goes wrong in the context of host microRNA-mediated regulation of viruses. They also know how it goes wrong. See Substitutions Near the Receptor Binding Site Determine Major Antigenic Change During Influenza Virus Evolution

The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.

The serious scientists do not claim that viruses evolve. Scientists who make claims about evolution  typically do not know how to link the creation of sunlight from ecological variation to food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptation via the physiology of biophysically constrained reproduction and biophysically constrained viral latency. Indeed, most pseudoscientists do not know the difference between a mutation and an RNA-mediated amino acid substitution.
See for comparison: Mechanisms of Recombination conference Start: Sunday, May 20, 9.00am Finish: Tuesday, May 22, 6.45pm

Description

Genetic recombination provides an important mechanism for the repair of chromosome breaks caused by DNA damage or replication fork demise. Defects in the recombination process have been linked to cancer predisposition, in particular breast cancers caused by mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2, and also acute leukemias associated with the rare genetic disease Fanconi anemia. Understanding precisely how recombination occurs is of interest to workers in the fields of meiosis, DNA repair, replication, chromosome architecture and interactions, and chromatin biology.

Download provisional conference program
Excerpts:

Douglas Bishop (University of Chicago, US)
A primary function of the ATPase activity of E. coli RecA is to prevent accumulation of a toxic form of the protein bound to undamaged chromosomal sites

Maria Jasin (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, US)
Protecting the genome by homologous recombination

The energy-dependent microRNA-mediated creation of enyzmes protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links the theft of quantized energy from mutations to all pathology.  Pseudoscientists who do not start with the creation of energy, have bastardized Darwin’s claims. His claims were based on placing “conditions of life” before natural selection. Conditions of life are energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the mechanisms of pheromone-controlled recombination, which have been linked to autophagy by all serious scientists since 1925.
See also my RNA-mediated Facebook page and/or my RNA-mediated Facebook group and other tweets @jvkohl
The number of my tweet impressions since December 21, 2017 has climbed to more than 68,000 as the number of published works that mention “microRNA” has climbed to nearly 69,000. See for comparison: The tipping point (revisited): 68,000 publications, which was published to my other blog site on December 21, 2017.
See also: What Darwinists Fail to Consider (discussion attempt)
See also, this discussion attempt about the “spark of life.”
See also: Noncoding RNA Helps Cells Recover from DNA Damage

“The most logical, simple explanation is that the [noncoding RNA] counteracts the protein encoding form…”

My comment to the Scientist:

There is clear evidence that femtosecond blasts of UV light repair DNA in the context of energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance and autophagy, which protects all organized genomes from virus-driven energy theft and the degradation of messenger RNA.

The failure to integrate the Nobel Prize winning works of Ben Feringa (Chemisty 2016) and Yoshinori Ohsumi (Physiology or Medicine 2016) prevents theorists from linking what organisms eat to their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in the context of Schrodinger’s claims in “What is Life?”(1944) and this claim by Roger Penrose in the reprint edition:

“How often do we still hear that quantum effects can have little relevance in the study of biology, or even that we eat food in order to gain energy?” (Roger Penrose 8 August 1991)

See also: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior  In our section on molecular epigenetics, we wrote:

Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans…

The food energy that is linked from alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA to the chemistry of protein folding and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera seems to be largely ignored by those who are not Nobel Laureates.

See also: Search Results for “autophagy”