physiology Archives - Scent of Eros

Environmental selection is natural selection (4)

April 30, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms Physics Subatomic

Conclusion: Only biologically uninformed science idiots still believe in the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian evolution.
VISUALIZING APOPTOSIS AS IT HAPPENS

Apoptosis is a highly regulated and critical homeostatic process in multicellular organisms.

Biologically uninformed theorists have claimed the conserved molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent apoptosis in multicelluar organisms arose after energy emerged. Aberrations in this form of energy-dependent programmed cell death have been linked from the virus-driven theft of quantized energy to all pathology. That helps to explain why biologically uninformed science idiots continue to link emergence to the evolution of all biodiversity but serious scientists present experimental evidence of highly regulated apoptosis.
Every level of biological organization has now linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to the proton motive force from apoptosis to all biodiversity via what is known about biophysically constrained viral latency.
For more evidence of obfuscation that theorists have used in their attempts to support their pseudoscientific nonsense “Download this eBook from The Scientist and Biotium to find out more about”

– The intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways
– The biochemical and morphological stages of apoptosis
– Apoptosis signs and signals
– Nuclear events during apoptosis

Quantized energy-dependent changes link the extrinsic pathway to the instrinsic pathway via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance, which links the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated fixation of amino acid substitutions and ecological adaptations in the context of viral latency.
For links to what is known about the role of anti-entropic virucidal energy links the proton motive force from protection of the mitochondrial membrane to all biophysically constrained biodiversity, see:
Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma
Substitute energy-dependent ecological adaptation each time you see others suggest that human mitochondrial DNA recombination evolved.
See also: If you can’t explain something in simple terms, you don’t understand it

Sizing up his audience perfectly, Feynman said, “I’ll prepare a freshman lecture on it.” But he came back a few days later to say, “I couldn’t do it. I couldn’t reduce it to the freshman level. That means we don’t really understand it.”

He died in 1988. Anyone who continues to claim that we still do not understand the links from quantum physics to quantum souls exemplifies human idiocy. See: Food energy
Only biologically uninformed science idiots still believe in the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian evolution.

MicroRNA-mediated denuclearization (2)

April 24, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

Summary:
The virus-driven theft of quantized energy creates a cellular environment that promotes the survival and self-proliferation of viruses by encoding viral miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules. The viral miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules target different types of host cells.
The sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of global control of human ES cell differentiation via circRNAs derived from lncRNAs. That fact refutes all neo-Darwinian gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense. That fact also attests to the link from Chinese philosophy to scientific creationism in South Korea.
Scientific creationism appears to have defeated communism in the context of the electron cloud superimposed over the yin yang symbol of constrained energy.
For scientific support of the claims that appear to have defeated communism, see:
Analysis of human ES cell differentiation establishes that the dominant isoforms of the lncRNAs RMST and FIRRE are circular

Surprisingly, circRNAs derived from long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to account for a significantly larger proportion of transcripts from their loci of origin than circRNAs from coding genes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that during human ES cell differentiation, changes in circRNA levels are primarily globally controlled.

Global control of human ES cell differentiation via circRNAs derived from lncRNAs refutes neo-Darwinian gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense. The level of control comes as no surprise to serious scientists who start with the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and link the energy to the RNA-mediated creation from genome assembly to the creation of all cell types.

The global control-based refutation is merely one more example of pattern recognition.

See: Three invariant Hi-C interaction patterns: applications to genome assembly

We suggest that simultaneously considering all three invariant patterns may lead to better Hi-C-based genome assembly methods.

Schrödinger suggested that genome assembly was energy-dependent in What is Life? (1944)

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)

Examining virus-host cell interaction is important for elucidating mechanisms of virus proliferation in host cells. Viruses can create an environment that promotes their survival and self-proliferation by encoding miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules that target various host cell.

…fine-tuning of the base-pair stability at the cleavage site is essential for efficient processing of pri-miR156a at a low temperature and for reduced flowering sensitivity to ambient temperature changes.

…17-24 amino acid changes, specifically A87T, D96N, S213D, and S242N substitutions in G2 epitopes, were observed. These results suggest that multiple interspecies re-assortment events might have contributed to the emergence of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination era in South Korea.

Several amino acid mutations were identified in PB2, PB1, PA, BM2, and/or NS1 protein coding regions, and one concurrent lysine (K)-to-arginine (R) mutation in PA residue 338 (PA K338R) was found in both maVc_BR60 and maYm_WI01 viruses. When analyzed using reverse-genetically rescued viruses, it was shown that PA K338R alone could increase the pathogenicity of both IBVs in mice and viral replication property in the respiratory tracts of ferrets.

The energy-dependent fine-tuning of the base-pair stability in plants prevents the emergence of rotaviruses via multiple interspecies re-assortment events linked to healthy longevity in post-vaccination era South Korea.

See for comparison: Engineered virus has artificial amino acid allowing it to serve as a vaccine

A team of researchers at Peking University has developed a new type of vaccine that they claim may allow for a new approach to generating live virus vaccines which could conceivably be adapted to any type of virus. In their paper published in the journal Science, the team outlines the means by which they modified an influenza virus causing it to incite an immune response without a risk of infection.

Scientific creationists in South Korea have showed that the Chinese cannot protect themselves from a viral apocalypse via vaccinations. The viruses adapt too quickly.

Knowing that also allows the scientific creationists to create a virus that damages the DNA of specific human populations who are less well-adapted to their food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niches.

Would you threaten nuclear war after you learn that the population of your country could be decimated by a genetically engineered virus produced in a neighboring country. Or, would you denuclearize and de-escalate the tensions as soon as you learned that all niche construction is food energy-dependent and that the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction biophysically constrains viral latency.

That fact cannot be placed back into the context of atheism or communism. It is a neo-Darwinian theory killer and is the most likely reason for denuclearization in a reasonable world.

The facts about biophysically constrained viral latency and energy-dependent life will be discussed during Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018

See for comparison: Organ-specific metastases obtained by culturing colorectal cancer cells on tissue-specific decellularized scaffolds

…lung and liver decellularized scaffolds retained their tissue-specific tropism when injected in mice.

Reported as: Scientists create better laboratory tools to study cancer’s spread

The hypothesis is this is caused by both ‘seed and soil’ – that the cancer cells have something in them that drive them to a particular organ, and the soil has to be right for them to grow. Most of the focus has been on studying the cancer cell, or the seed, and not as closely looking at the soil, which is the organs that they go to. Our models will help us understand to better understand the conditions of the soil that help promote cancer metastasis.

The use of Schrödinger’s sunlight-to-soil metaphor of degraded organic matter and biophysically constrained viral latency is not likely to be a coincidence. It also appears in the context of the energy-dependent weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum and in the context of the weekend Resurrection of Christ.

Scientific creationism in South Korea supposedly began with the support of the US government in their attempt to fight against communism and atheism. Pseudoscientists have not linked energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency to all healthy longevity in the context of Communism and atheism.

For comparison, all serious scientists who understand the role that the creation of energy plays in the creation of supercoiled DNA have won the war against communism by combating evolution to fight disease.

All disease has been linked to the virus-driven energy theft that causes the degradation of messenger RNA, which has been linked to all pathology.

The energy-dependent creation of microRNAs has been linked from the creation of the innate immune system to all biophysically constrained behaviors via what is known about how the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction must be linked from soil bacteria to the growth of seeds and all food energy-dependent life on Earth.

How to create biologically uninformed theorists

March 13, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic

Summary: On March 2, 2018, Philip C. Ball and Nick Lane started making claims about proton gradients. Their claims are based on my model of quantized energy as information. This post includes added support for what is known to all serious scientists about the light-activated endogenous substrates that link molecular epigenetics to RNA-mediated autophagy.
See first: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (audio/visual aid 2017)

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy.

The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.

This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes.

For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

Added support for the light-activated molecular epigenetics of autophagy:
Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin (2007)

…we quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents… and show that light-driven pumping by PR can fully replace respiration as a cellular energy source in some environmental conditions.

Structure of the Deactive State of Mammalian Respiratory Complex I (2018)

…the deactive state arises when critical structural elements that form the ubiquinone-binding site become disordered, and we propose reactivation is induced when substrate binding to the NADH-reduced enzyme templates their reordering. Our structure both rationalizes biochemical data on the deactive state and offers new insights into its physiological and cellular roles.

Global collective motions in the mammalian and bacterial respiratory complex I (2018)

…we identify here transitions between experimentally resolved structures of the mammalian complex I as low-frequency collective motions of the enzyme, highlighting similarities and differences between the bacterial and mammalian enzymes. Despite the reduced complexity of the smaller bacterial enzyme, our results suggest that the global dynamics of complex I is overall conserved.

The conservation of light-powered functional structures and energy-dependent proton gradients link the deactive state in critical structures to the active state via the creation of enzymes in species from bacteria to mammals. The energy-dependent creation of the enzymes links metabolism of the energy (e.g., food energy) from pheromones to biophysically constrained viral latency in the context of the physiology of reproduction.
The pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans links our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of how ecological variation must be linked to energy-dependent ecological adaptations in all living genera.
See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

Our perception of the world builds upon dynamic inputs from multiple senses with different temporal resolutions, and is threaded with the passing of subjective time. How time is extracted from multisensory inputs is scantly known. Utilizing psychophysical testing and electroencephalography, we show in healthy human adults that odors modulate object visibility around critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF)-the limit at which chromatic flickers become perceived as a stable color-and effectively alter CFF in a congruency-based manner, despite that they afford no clear environmental temporal information. The behavioral gain produced by a congruent relative to an incongruent odor is accompanied by elevated neural oscillatory power around the object’s flicker frequency in the right temporal region ~150-300 ms after object onset, and is not mediated by visual awareness. In parallel, odors bias the subjective duration of visual objects without affecting one’s temporal sensitivity. These findings point to a neuronal network in the right temporal cortex that executes flexible temporal filtering of upstream visual inputs based on olfactory information. Moreover, they collectively indicate that the very process of sensory integration at the stage of object processing twists time perception, hence casting new insights into the neural timing of multisensory events.

See also: Odors Alter Subjective Time Experience Author: Dr. ZHOU Wen’s Research Group Update time: 2017/05/15

The brain is not a timepiece. Whereas it is equipped with senses like vision, audition, touch, smell, and taste, it has no direct access to or measure of the physical time (unless you read from a clock). Rather, it constructs the subjective “time” of an event from the dynamic multisensory inputs associated with that event. Yet different senses come with different temporal precisions. For instance, when standing near an apple tree, you can detect the falling of an apple much better with your eyes or ears than the nose. How does the brain coordinate multisensory signals entering different brain regions with different temporal resolutions, and come up with the subjective time?

A team at the Institute of Psychology at Chinese Academy of Sciences tackled this issue using odors and images. Specifically, Dr. Bin Zhou, the study’s lead author, and his colleagues examined whether odors could modulate one’s temporal sampling and subjective duration of visual objects. In their study, participants viewed two series of flickering isoluminant images in red and green (Figure 1A). One of the series contained opposite images of an apple or bananas; the other contained only images of red and green fields. When the images alternated at a frequency beyond 20 Hz, the participants started to have difficulty reporting which series contained an object. Indeed, for most people, chromatic flicker fusion frequency (CFF), the limit at which alternating colors become perceived as a stable fused color, falls somewhere between 20 and 25 Hz. Interestingly, the participants’ object detection accuracies around CFF were improved under the exposure of a congruent, as opposed to an incongruent, odor. In other words, the participants detected a rapidly flickering apple better when they smelled an apple odor rather than a banana odor, and vice versa (Figure 1B, left panel). In effect, the presence of a congruent odor facilitated the brain’s temporal sampling of a visual object and elevated its CFF (Figure 1B, right panel). Based on electrical activities recorded from the participants’ scalp, the researchers found that the integration between smell and vision strengthened the signals of the corresponding object in a brain region heavily implicated in object representations called the right temporal cortex, about 150-300 ms after object onset. They further showed that such integration lengthened one’s subjective duration of the corresponding object in a duration comparison task. The researchers concluded that subjective time is warped by the neural energy involved in representing multisensory inputs at subsecond scales.

Until Philip C. Ball mentioned that Nick Lane believed proton gradients came before the energy-dependent creation of RNA, I did not realize how little they knew about this link from differences in the energy of photons to consciousness.
See: What Affective Neuroscience Means for Science Of Consciousness (2013)

The coupling of the two circuits promotes an endogenous feedback that supports conscious processes. Within this framework, we present the defence that detailed study of both affective and cognitive processes, their interactions, as well of their respective brain networks, is necessary for a science of consciousness.

The coupling of the two circuits links differences in the energy of photons from the proton motive force to the light-activated endogenous feedback loops and Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction.
It is extremely difficult for intelligent people to not link this experimental evidence to biophysically constrained viral latency in the context of reports that claim “Creatures’ Adaptability Begins with Their Sensors.”
But, see for comparison: David Attenborough on creationsim May, 2015

My comment on his nonsense: First steps to neutralizing Zika: How highly potent antibody neutralizes Zika infection discovered

This is framed within the context of energy-dependent changes in pH, which facilitate receptor-mediated entry of nutrients or viruses into specific cell types of species-specific tissues via stress-linked changes in hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs.

Virus-driven energy theft has been linked to all pathology in all living genera via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated polycombic protein folding chemistry compared to the hecatombic evolution of pathology manifested first in the differences between archaea and bacteria. Admitting that Carl Woese was wrong about the different domains of life is the first step towards understanding the difference between healthy longevity and the evolution of all virus-driven pathology.

Carl Woese was wrong

God did not create the viruses. He created the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight, which protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy. Only the choices of our ancestors could have led to the increasing amout of virus-driven pathology during the past ~6000 years that pseudoscientists place into the context of millions of years of evolution. Then, they blame God, like these two pseudoscientists do. Darwin knew they would do that, which is why he insisted that others put conditions of life before natural selection. But they bastardized his theory anyway and taught their revision to anyone who was foolish enough to believe in it. It’s called the “Modern Synthesis” and was based on de Vries 1902 definition of “mutation.”

Celebrate Your Inner Virus

It is important that we understand the design present in viruses because God made them.

It is no wonder that Sir David Attenborough and many others like Philip C. Ball and Nick Lane are confused about the energy-dependent creation of healthy longevity and consciousness. Even some young earth creationists have failed to link the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from changes in electrons to ecosystems via the proton motive force. That leaves every aspect of creation to be placed back into the context of ridiculous theories. The theories start with the virus-driven theft of quantized energy as information. The energy theft links mutations to all virus-driven pathology. The theft of quantized energy as information cannot be linked by serious scientists from beneficial mutations to the evolution of one species from another.
For comparison, pseudoscientists have no problem touting this confusing nonsense:
Sign of selection on mutation rate modifiers depends on population size (March 12, 2018)
1) Genetic variation—the raw material for evolution—is ultimately generated by mutation.
2). …beneficial alleles never become deleterious and deleterious alleles never become beneficial.
Conclusion:

Whether these phenomena can be united in a single theoretical framework remains an open question that we are actively exploring. In any case, our results add to a growing appreciation of nonclassical population size dependence in evolution by natural selection (41, 42).

Funding for research that attempts to link natural selection to evolution via mutation-driven genetic variation should be used to link food odors and pheromones from the physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and ecological adaptations. It is time to stop creating more biologically uninformed theorists.

Ecological adaptation: A new definition of heredity (1)

March 6, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Excerpt: ” …long-standing presumptions led to the claims made by biologically uninformed theorists who failed to link biophysically constrained viral latency to the recent origin of most protein-coding variants via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans…”
She Has Her Mother’s Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity May 29, 2018 | 672 Pages
From the description of the book:

1) We need a new definition of what heredity is…

2) …Zimmer ultimately unpacks urgent bioethical quandaries arising from new biomedical technologies, but also long-standing presumptions about who we really are and what we can pass on to future generations.

The long-standing presumptions led to the claims made by biologically uninformed theorists who failed to link biophysically constrained viral latency to the recent origin of most protein-coding variants via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. For comparison to the long-standing presumptions, see:
Recent Explosive Human Population Growth Has Resulted in an Excess of Rare Genetic Variants May 11, 2012
Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes May 17, 2012
Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants November 28, 2012
Reported as: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome November 28, 2012

Of 1.15 million single-nucleotide variants found among more than 15,000 protein-encoding genes, 73% in arose the past 5,000 years, the researchers report. 164,688 of the variants — roughly 14% — were potentially harmful, and of those, 86% arose in the past 5,000 years. More broadly, the results suggest that humans are carrying around larger numbers of deleterious mutations than they did a few thousand years ago. But this doesn’t mean that humans now are more susceptible to disease, says Akey. Rather, it suggests that most diseases are caused by more than one variant, and that diseases could operate through different genetic pathways and mechanisms in different people.

Akey dismissed everything known about the epigenetic effects of food energy and the metabolism of food to pheromones, which biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of the physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.
See for comparison: A third of Americans don’t believe in evolution January 1, 2014
My comment:

Ecological adaptation occurs via the epigenetic effects of nutrients on alternative splicings of pre-mRNA which result in amino acid substitutions that differentiate all cell types of all individuals of all species. The control of the differences in cell types occurs via the metabolism of the nutrients to chemical signals that control the physiology of reproduction.

These facts do not refute evolution; they simply refute the ridiculous theory of mutation-initiated natural selection that most people here were taught to believe is the theory of evolution.

That theory is far too ridiculous to be anything but a joke in the context of biological-based increasing organismal complexity. But here, we have lots of jokers, don’t we? The proof of ecological variation that appears to refute the theory of evolution, which actually refutes itself, is that ecological adaptations occur too fast for mutations to compete with them as a source of anything but diseases and disorders.

When food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled autophagy (see: Autophagy.pro) fails to protect organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, organisms pass on mutations to future generations. Clear evidence of that fact was published in the context of this article: Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants January, 2013.

Establishing the age of each mutation segregating in contemporary human populations is important to fully understand our evolutionary history1, 2 and will help to facilitate the development of new approaches for disease-gene discovery3.

The facts about the age of all mutations have since been placed into the context of:
Sperm epigenetics and influence of environmental factors February, 2018

… epigenetic variation may be genetically selected [41], which is in contradiction with the opposite model in which epigenetic variation is a cause of genetic variation. While both models can cooperate, more experimental evidence, other than computationally-based, should be provided to address the mutagenicity of regions subjected to environmentally-induced epigenetic variation and the evolutionary implications.

Conclusion:

Future research efforts may be able to identify a unified epigenetic remodeling response to lifestyle stress across species. Understanding the role of environmentally-driven epigenetic changes in gametes on the phenotype of the offspring constitutes not only a fascinating biological question on its own but also represents a moral obligation for the health of future generations.

MicroRNA present in mature sperm… may actually serve important regulatory roles in fertilization and early developmental processes.

To see how much experimental evidence of biophysically constrained food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biologically-based cause and effect has been ignored during the past two decades, see: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior December 1996

…we focus directly on molecular events themselves. Here the “environment” involved can be that within a DNA segment. We also expand the notion of “biologically based sex differences.” Although many, and perhaps most, important sex differences arise from gonadal and hormonal development, also important are sex differences which are neither gonadal nor hormonal. All these factors affect the internal workings of the individual and intervene in structuring how the social environment might or might not modify sexual behavior. This discourse calls attention to features that are central to the so-called nature-nurture discussion.

Our section on molecular epigenetics may have been the first to detail what is now being reported in the context of the cryo-EM technology, which links energy-dependent changes from electrons to ecosystems in all living genera via what is known about pre-mRNAs. Pre-mRNAs are now also referred to as microRNAs in more than 70,000 published works.
See: microRNA and/or pre-mRNA
Clearly, what is known to all serious scientists about biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity has forced Carl Zimmer to suggest that “We need a new definition of what heredity is…”
See also:
7/31/16 From hydrogen atom transfer in DNA base pairs to ecosystems
7/31/16 RNA-mediated physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics
7/30/16 What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy
7/29/16 RNA-mediated molecular epigenetics and virus-driven entropy
4/10/14 Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
8/8/13 Nutrient-dependent / pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution
3/8/13 Nutrient-dependent / Pheromone–controlled thermodynamics and thermoregulation
2/17/13 Nutrient-dependent / Pheromone-controlled Adaptive Evolution
Watch for Philip C. Ball’s newest book: Beyond Weird March 22, 2018

Over the past decade or so, the enigma of quantum mechanics has come into sharper focus. We now realise that quantum mechanics is less about particles and waves, uncertainty and fuzziness, than a theory about information: about what can be known and how.

See: 5/8/17 Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference May 8, 2017
See also: New Giant Viruses Further Blur the Definition of Life

“The gap between cellular organisms and viruses is starting to close,” Deeg said. “Which then brings us back to: What is a virus, and what is life?”

Has anyone else linked biophotonics to the energy-dependent proton motive force via the cryo-EM technology?
See for instance: Permeability transition in human mitochondria persists in the absence of peripheral stalk subunits of ATP synthase.
And preview, Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
Nobel Laureates, Linda Buck, Ben Feringa, Michael Rosbash are among other Nobel Laureates who are scheduled to present.
See also: Are Humans “Smeller Underachievers?” Not So Fast…

…they will share their data and experience on the psychological influences on eating and behavior, the chemosensory properties of food and how we experience them, the role of food as medicine, and the history and evolution of flavor and flavor perception.

No experimental evidence of energy-dependent biophysically constrained top-down causation suggests that flavor perception “evolved.” See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

BiondVax Universal Flu Vaccine Patent

January 31, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Summary: …the dream to create an effective universal flu vaccine to ultimately eradicate the flu is placed into the context of claims about changes to the virus. The changes are energy-dependent ecological adaptations. No one claims that the virus mutates or that it evolves. Only biologically uninformed theorists make such ridiculous claims.
BiondVax Universal Flu Vaccine Patent Granted in India

The patent describes influenza vaccines comprised of multiple copies of several epitopes, such as M-001 which contains nine common and conserved influenza virus epitopes.

The use of the word epitope obfuscates cause and effect in the context of natural information processing, which is energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. If they used the term conserved amino acid substitutions more people might understand the fact the fixation of amino acid substitutions biophysically constrains viral latency. Who knows what epitopes are or what they do or how they do it?
See for comparison: Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing (Israel) and Generation of influenza A viruses as live but replication-incompetent virus vaccines, (China) which was reported as: Engineered virus has artificial amino acid allowing it to serve as a vaccine
Researchers in other countries, but not in the United States of America, have made scientific progress that helps to make sense of claims about energy-dependent natural information processing and RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions that biophysicaily constrain viral latency and typically prevent all pathology.
In this video, the dream to create an effective universal flu vaccine to ultimately eradicate the flu is placed into the context of claims about changes to the virus. The changes are energy-dependent ecological adaptations. No one claims that the virus mutates or that it evolves. Only biologically uninformed theorists make such ridiculous claims.

See for comparison: How to Build a Better Flu Shot (with my emphasis)
1) … the influenza virus has many rapidly mutating strains. And because the strains mutate so quickly…
2) …the mushroom head of hemagglutinin mutates rapidly, so antibodies against one type of head won’t work against a mutant version.
3) To infect the cell, the stalk of the hemagglutinin mushroom becomes completely rearranged from its normal state. “It’s a machine,” Krammer explains. “It doesn’t tolerate mutations well. If you introduce mutations, you destroy the machine, so the virus doesn’t like to change it.”
4) Other teams are testing headless stalks made by anchoring the stalk to a ferritin protein nanoparticle or by creating genetic mutations at the top, as potential vaccines too.
5) In a study published January 19 in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, virologist Ren Sun and colleagues identified eight genetic mutations that make the flu virus sensitive to a host cell’s interferons.
6) “The team was able to mutate this virus for interferon sensitivity without changing the immune response, which is a challenge.”
7) Fauci says one essential piece of information scientists need to build a universal flu vaccine is to understand how serial exposure to the virus and vaccination affects the immune system.
8) “This is what we call immunological imprinting. It’s controversial, but we need to know what the influence is to create a broadly effective flu vaccine,” Fauci says.
9) Understanding the effect of pre-existing immunity on virus evolution is also important, given that vaccination itself could influence how flu strains evolve, Fauci and colleagues note in a paper published last summer in Immunity
10) The paper describes a path toward making a universal flu vaccine. “I see this work falling into three buckets,” Fauci says. “There’s the bucket on antibody development, the bucket on boosting the immune response to flu, and finally the bucket on prior exposure and how that affects the immune system,” he says.
Fauci wants others to believe that viruses mutate and evolve but that immunological imprinting is controversial. He has many others to help people in the United States accept the claims about mutations and evolution and put the claims of serious scientists who understand the facts about immunological imprinting into the context of controversy.
My comment to The Scientist:

In this report from the NIH: Flu infection study increases understanding of natural immunity the focus on the change in the influenza virus was properly placed into context of energy-dependent changes in the virus, which are called ecological adaptations when they occur in human populations.

For example, one energy-dependent amino acid substitution causes increased virulence in the influenza virus, as clearly stated here: The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.

Simply put, all serious scientists know that viruses do not mutate and evolve. Viruses steal the energy that biophysically constrains viral latency and some humans in some human populations fail to ecologically adapt as quickly as others.

Is Fauci, or anyone else who made claims in the article from The Scientist, a serious scientist? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Serious scientists do not believe that mutations can be linked to evolution. That gives them an edge if they are working in other countries, but not the United States of America.
See how serious scientists in some countries will maintain their edge, and continue to put theorists from the United States of America to shame — along with all the so-called science journalists who report the nonsense about mutations and evolution.
Controversy over evolution in Israel (2010)

There are many people who don’t believe the evolutionary account is correct,” he was quoted as saying. “There are those for whom evolution is a religion and are unwilling to hear about anything else. Part of my responsibility, in light of my position with the Education Ministry, is to examine textbooks and curricula.”

“…learning about evolution is not the primary function of the decision, but rather to use it as a building block for students to learn more about their ecology.”

Those who learn about ecology are less likely to make claims about mutations or evolution.
Turkish schools to stop teaching evolution, official says (2017)

The secular opposition has long argued that the government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is pursuing a covert Islamist agenda contrary to the republic’s founding values.

Does anyone in the United States think that the Trump administration is pursuing a covert Christian agenda? If so, see:
Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

Light-activated error free DNA repair (2)

November 22, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Summary: In the diagram and diatribes that accompany claims about de novo changes in electrons and the production of nucleotides, the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense becomes perfectly clear. Pseudoscientists start with energy-dependent changes but call the changes de novo changes in electrons. That allows the pseudoscientists to dismiss any facts about how the creation of energy must be linked to the creation of enzymes. The creation of enzymes does not automagically occur and the creation of all biodiversity must occur via the enzymatic metabolism of food to pheromones and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction. Use of the phrase de novo changes is a clear indicator that pseudoscientists know nothing about biophysically constrained viral latency and nothing about cell type differentiation. All changes are energy-dependent and virus-driven energy theft links the degradation of messenger RNA from mutations to all pathology.
In Light-activated error free DNA repair, I wrote:

The creation of quantized energy in sunlight links energy as information from electrons to ecosystems via the physiology of reproduction in all living genera.

We conclude that adenosine, acting at A2AR, is an important homeostatic regulator of chondrocytes and cartilage and adenosine repletion may represent a novel approach to treating OA (Fig. 6).

The link from exogenous adenosine to the endogenous adenosine that inhibits pathology is food energy-dependent and RNA-mediated.That is why adenosine repletion will almost undoubtedly be effective. Some friends have already found that supplements of curcumin and nicotinamide/niacinamide are helpful.
Science needs reason to be trusted to link the creation of visible light to the creation of the nicotinamide-dependent enzyme known as ketoreductase, which can be transformed from a carbonyl reductase into an initiator of radical species and a chiral source of hydrogen atoms.
If hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution is not linked to healthy longevity, the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA will not be linked from mutations to all pathology.
See: Accessing non-natural reactivity by irradiating nicotinamide-dependent enzymes with light
The link from the quantized energy of the sun has been placed into this context:

We demonstrate this new reactivity through a highly enantioselective radical dehalogenation of lactones-a challenging transformation for small-molecule catalysts. Mechanistic experiments support the theory that a radical species acts as an intermediate in this reaction, with NADH and NADPH (the reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, respectively) serving as both a photoreductant and the source of hydrogen atoms.

The photoreductant source of hydrogen atoms links the quantized energy of sunlight from quantum physics to quantum souls via error-free RNA-mediated DNA repair in the context of the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and the creation of all morphological and behavioral diversity on Earth via what is known about the stability of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) decapeptide. The creation of achiral glycine and its position at position 6 in the GnRH decapeptide is linked from food odors and pheromones to the stability of all vertebrate genomes.
See how easily the facts about the stability of supercoiled DNA in the organized genomes of all vertebrates was placed back into the context of evolution.
A quantum theory for the irreplaceable role of docosahexaenoic acid in neural cell signalling throughout evolution
Explanations from classical physics cannot be used to support the theory and nothing but that facts about chemistry links sunlight to the creation of enzymes that metabolize food and link the food energy to biophysically constrained life via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which protects organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links mutations to all pathology.

We suggest that DHA is one Darwin’s “Conditions of Existence” [conditions of life] which made DHA the master of DNA

How Popper killed Particle Physics

Even in his worst moments Popper never said a theory is scientific just because it’s falsifiable. That’s Popper upside-down and clearly nonsense. Unfortunately, upside-down Popper now drives theory-development, both in cosmology and in high energy physics.
It’s not hard to come up with theories that are falsifiable but not scientific. By scientific I mean the theory has a reasonable chance of accurately describing nature.

11/20/17
Jay R. Feierman:

Science is about predicting, not post hoc explaining except under the conditions stated above. I still find Popper’s methods useful for crafting theories in the bio-behavioral sciences. I’m not ready to declare his philosophy as dead.

7/25/13
Jay R. Feierman: Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.
Popper’s upside-down theory can be replaced in the context of the inside-out olfactory receptor, which links the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA via two epigenetic traps
An Epigenetic Signature for Monoallelic Olfactory Receptor Expression
Nuclear Aggregation of Olfactory Receptor Genes Governs Their Monogenic Expression

We’ve got the evolution of complex cells inside-out

Almost everybody agrees that the complex eukaryotic cell evolved from a simple ancestor. The question is how.

All serious scientists know that the energy-dependent creation of ATP (epigenetic trap #1) must be linked from the creation of RNA (epigenetic trap #2) to all biodiversity on Earth via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. For example, without the energy-dependent de novo creation of G protein-coupled receptors, there is no way to link any light-induced endogenous substrate to the creation of enzymes and the metabolism of food to the energy that sustains life in electron eating microbes and microbes that “eat” light.

See: Your schedule could be killing you

“…Golden didn’t set out from school intent on pursuing a career in chronobiology. The field only barely existed when she did her graduate work in the 1980s. Her specialty was, and still is, studying bacteria that use light as a source of energy.

The fact that bacteria eat electrons and produce uranium isotopes can now be linked from light-harvesting to all pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained biodiversity on Earth by what was known to Susan S. Golden in the 1980s.

Two Questions remain:

1) Where do the electrons come from?

2) Why doesn’t every serious scientist know how to link energy-dependent changes from electrons to ecosystems via the link from ultraviolet light to the vibrational theory of olfaction and RNA-mediated feedback loops that link food odors and pheromones to the physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans?

The vibrational theory of olfaction for the win by John Hewitt

On 11/21/17, John Hewitt alerted me to the fact that the information in this article might be linked from the de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes to all biodiversity on Earth via links from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in bacteria to human adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The monoallelic disease(s) known as Kallmann’s Syndrome clearly link the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of virus-driven pathology to deficits in olfactory acuity and specificity. The olfactory deficites link interactions among all neuronal systems in the brain to healthy longevity via the substitution of the achiral amino acid glycine in position 6 of the GnRH decapeptide.

Search Results for “achiral glycine”

See: Long-Range GABAergic Inputs Regulate Neural Stem Cell Quiescence and Control Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Taken together, these findings delineate a GABAergic network involving long-range GABAergic projection neurons and local PV interneurons that couples dynamic brain activity to the neurogenic niche in controlling NSC quiescence and hippocampal neurogenesis.

See for comparison: Guidelines for Genome-Scale Analysis of Biological Rhythms

1) Genome biology approaches have made enormous contributions to our understanding of biological rhythms, particularly in identifying outputs of the clock, including RNAs, proteins, and metabolites, whose abundance oscillates throughout the day.

2) …we discuss several unmet analytical needs, including applications to clinical medicine, and suggest productive avenues to address them.

This suggests they are going to try to make it appear that Schrodinger’s link from the anti-entropic virucidal effects of sunlight has only recently been discovered to be the key to the prevention of the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which all serious scientists know is the link from mutations to all pathology.
SS Golden is the co-author and they propose 3 broadly applicable “golden rules” of light-activated biological rhythms. The “Golden Rules” do not link more than 66,000 published works on microRNAs to Kohl’s “Laws of Biology” in this 2014 invited review of nutritional epigenetics: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
The Law’s of Biology are Darwin’s “conditions of life.” Simply put, all organisms must eat and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction must be linked to all morphological and behavioral biodiversity on Earth after the creation of light made life possible. Natural selection for anything that was selected after the creation of energy, should not be viewed in the context of explanations of anything else.
Nothing on Earth exists outside the context of biophysically constrained energy and viral latency. Nothing on Earth exists outside the context of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality in the context of fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions, the creation of enzymes and the interactions among complex systems in humans that link achiral glycine in position 6 of the GnRH decapeptide to all morphological and behavioral phenotypes.

See also: An epigenetics gold rush: new controls for gene expression

‘A-to-I editing’ can alter a protein’s coding sequence, and, in humans, is crucial for keeping the innate immune response in check.

See for comparison: Redox-sensitive alteration of replisome architecture safeguards genome integrity

DNA replication requires coordination between replication fork progression and deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP)–generating metabolic pathways

The safeguards are energy-dependent and they have been linked from light-activated endogenous substrates in all cell types to changes in immune system function. That fact is ignored in the context of a “genome survellance mechanism.”

Studying this genome surveillance mechanism in cancer cells with elevated ROS levels and increased replication adaptability may provide opportunities to specifically target tumors.

Reported as: Redox sensing controls DNA replication!

Redox sensing controls DNA replication!

New DNA is generated in human cells from tiny building blocks called nucleotides produced by an enzyme called RNR (ribonucleotide reductase).

By starting with de novo changes in electrons, the diagram that accompanies the pseudoscientific nonsense of their claim makes the nonsense perfectly clear. They intend to leave out anything known to serious scientists who have linked the creation of energy to the creation of enzymes and to the creation of all biodiversity via the metabolism of food to pheromones and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.
For comparison, serious scientists have linked energy-dependent changes from atoms to ecosystems via the conserved molecular mechanisms of base editing, microRNA editing, and RNA editing as detailed in Light-activated error free DNA repair.
See for examples:
Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
Reduced adenosine-to-inosine miR-455-5p editing promotes melanoma growth and metastasis

…adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs in microRNAs (miRNAs)…

Thanks to Dr. Phil Mills for bring this to my attention in the context of more than 40 skin cancer excisions I have had during the past few years. RNA editing by ADAR1 leads to context-dependent transcriptome-wide changes in RNA secondary structure

Our findings imply that the editing effect on RNA secondary structure is context dependent and underline the intricate regulatory role of ADAR1 on global RNA secondary structure.

See: Scientists demonstrate the importance of RNA editing in melanoma development

…a lack of RNA editing, a process by which information inside RNA molecules is transformed, leads to tumor growth and progression through manipulation of proteins.

…people who took a specific type of vitamin B3 for a year had a 23 percent lower rate of new skin cancers compared to others…

The link from sun exposure to vitamin C production in plants and vitamin D production in human populations that might be protected from skin cancer by niacinamide, led me to become more focused on prevention. For example, a 23 percent lower rate of skin cancers translates to 10 less excision surgeries if I can achieve a better energy-dependent microRNA/messenger RNA balance.
Energy-dependent base editing has been linked to microRNA editing and linked from RNA editing to the fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of all living genera via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Any presentation of data that fails to start with energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance implies a deliberate attempt to support the pseudoscientific nonsense of evolutionary theorists and/or big bang cosmologists.
It’s time for pseudoscientists to admit they’ve been wrong about mutation-driven evolution and move forward via consideration of experimental evidence.
See also: Systematic characterization of A-to-I RNA editing hotspots in microRNAs across human cancers
MicroRNA-mediated RNA editing links energy-dependent changes in base pairs from the creation of nucleotides to the stability of organized genome in all living genera via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. All serious scientists know that. However, the number of pseudoscientists is more than the serious scientists who will be presenting at this conference.
See: Mechanisms of Recombination conference
For comparison, the pseudoscientists have their own conferences. See for a possible example: Neuroimmunology and Neurological disorders
I’ve already asked the conference organizer “Who will be linking the molecular mechanisms of recombination to neuroimmunology via autophagy or help serious scientists to link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology?”
I no longer expect any answer to my questions from those who have not linked the creation of quantized energy to all biodiversity via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.
See instead, more information on: A-to-I RNA editing

From base editing to RNA editing (5)

November 1, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

1) Maturity’ molecule helps adolescent brain grow up

2) Geneticists are starting to unravel evolution’s role in mental illness: Hints emerge that past environments could have influenced psychiatric disorders

Please try to link the maturity molecule to the evolution of mental illness outside the context of food energy-dependent base editing, RNA editing, RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction that stabilizes the organized genomes of all living genera via chromosomal rearrangements.

Then see:Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults

Dopamine-mediated behavioral are effected by COMT Val158Met function, which

“… is known to be affected by a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in COMT (G-to-A base-pair substitution) leading to a methionine (Met) valine (Val) substitution at codons 108/158 (COMT Val158Met). Carriers of the Met allele have been found to display a fourfold decrease in enzymatic activity compared to Val allele carriers going along with an increase of prefrontal DA activity (Lachman et al. 1996; Lotta et al. 1995).”

The fact that one energy-dependent base-pair substitution and one RNA-mediated amino acid substitution can be linked to behavioral transitions via dopamine links epigenetics and genetics.

All serious scientists know that and some of them have been laughing at pseudoscientists for several decades. See from 10 December 2014:

Tell the pseudoscientists and journalists who report ridiculous claims to stop treating us all as if we will always be biologically uninformed science idiots — unless that’s what you want to be when you grow up.

See for comparison: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

The next reformation: 500 years too late? (3)

October 31, 2017

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations base editing Ecology RNA editing

Historical perspective: October 31, 1517 was the first Reformation Day

At the October 24, 2017 premiere of “Light Unshackled” (in Morganton, Georgia), I learned how the dramatic history of “The Reformation” was linked from the unnecessary suffering and premature death of many people to the life’s works of John Calvin, the leading French Protestant Reformer.

Phillip Mills, Phillip Mills, Jr. and others helped me realize that John Calvin’s works led to an attempt by the Templeton Foundation to bastardize what serious scientists know about Darwin’s energy-dependent “conditions of life.”

For comparison, the Templeton Foundation supports the efforts of those who place the energy-dependent creation of all biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled biodiversity back into the concept of random mutations and neo-Darwinian evolution.

If the Templeton Foundation’s purpose was to link science to religion, they would start with the facts. The facts link the creation of quantized energy from electrons to ecosystems in all living genera via the physiology of reproduction. By funding those who have failed to start from God’s creation of quantized energy as information and place it into the context of the virucidal energy of sunlight, the Templeton Foundation has funded the shackling of light that “Light Unshackled” linked from the “Dark Ages” before “The Reformation” to the Dark Years that followed — after the 1925 Scopes trial in Dayton, TN.

Since 1925, many students in the United States have been taught to believe that mutations cause evolution. That is what many of them still believe. Instead of learning more about how 1) the creation of sunlight was linked from 2) the creation of ATP and 3) the creation of RNA to 4) the creation of olfactory receptors and 5) the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera to 6) all biophysically constrained biodiversity, students learned to believe in pseudoscientific nonsense.

Thank God, those of us who do not believe in that pseudoscientific nonsense are not still being martyred.

See: Randomness and Divine Providence

Excerpt:

We cannot conceive of a global external factor that could cause, during this time, parallel evolution of amino acid compositions of proteins in 15 diverse taxa that represent all three domains of life and span a wide range of lifestyles and environments. Thus, currently, the most plausible hypothesis is that we are observing a universal, intrinsic trend that emerged before the last universal common ancestor of all extant organisms.

The food energy-dependent trend links the metabolism of food to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera. Energy-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions protect all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy. Virus-driven energy theft must be biophysically constrained. That is why no last universal common ancestor of all extant organisms will ever be found.

Energy as information did not emerge. It was created and the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight is proof of that fact. The creation of energy as information links quantum physics to the creation of quantum souls across the space-time continuum.

See for comparison to what serious scientists believe, and why they are not likely to believe in neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense:

Kalevi Kull: Censorship & Royal Society Evo Event

“…the dramatic history of the theory of evolution. . .

Here’s a sketch. Estonia has been described as a country with one of the richest political experiences. We also see this in our history of Darwinism.

In the 19th century, Tartu University was one of the leading German-language universities, and one of the leading critics of Darwin was working at Tartu University — Karl Ernst von Baer, the founder of developmental biology. Simultaneously, one of the very first courses in the world and best textbooks written about Darwin’s-time Darwinism was provided by a professor at the same university, Georg Seidlitz.

Around the turn of the century, before WWI, Tartu University was a Russian-language university, and Darwinism was soon popularised as supporting early socialist ideas. Soon after, together with advances in genetics, evolutionary theory was interpreted as a basis for eugenics (also used in this way by national socialists in Germany before WWII).

Then Estonia was annexed by Russia, and after the WWII for more than a decade it meant the influence of vulgar Darwinism (also called ‘creative Darwinism’ at that time), as propagated by Lysenko (yes, he also praised Darwin, he just did not like genetics).

In the 1970s and 80s, all students in the Soviet Union had to learn how Darwinism goes hand in hand with Marxism, meaning a good connection with the ‘synthetic theory of evolution’, which was a synonym for neo-Darwinism. . .

Simultaneously, a radical non-Darwinism was also developing within certain circles of Soviet biologists, who took it from the theory of Nomogenesis of Lev Berg and his follower Alexander Lyubischev. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, an outgrowth of neo-Darwinism called sociobiology became a dominant view for many, particularly among zoologists. . .

If one has read all this and been able to understand why all these scholars had the views they had, it is hardly possible to describe this history as gradual improvement of a model, continuous extension of a synthesis. There have rather been different paradigms existing and developing in parallel. Most of the time just one of them was strongly dominant over the other. And since evolutionary theory has almost always been tied to some ideological battles, its changes were not limited by scientific discoveries.

Nevertheless, we have good friends and colleagues whose views about evolution we do not share. But should we therefore be less strict in our formulations about our views? No, that would mean giving up our understanding. Good teachers wouldn’t do so.

Good people do not give up their understanding of molecular epigenetics. They find new ways to teach others the truth about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.

Biology, molecular and organismic(1964)

Ingram and others found that hemoglobin S differs from A in the substitution of just a single amino acid, valine in place of glutamic acid in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule.

McEwen et al., (1964) Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation”

Isolated thymus nuclei transport amino acids into an intranuclear pool by a process which seems to depend on energy from nuclear ATP synthesis (20).

Species of Drosophila (1972)

Intraspecific variations are important as raw materials from which race and species differentials are compounded in the process of evolution. Lamarck and Darwin stressed that species were not all uniformly discrete. Darwin concluded that “species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties, and that each species first existed as a variety” (3).

Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (1973)

…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla.

A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution (2005)

Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and, thus, can evolve.

Please note: Only the article from 2005 claims that amino acids automagically evolve outside the context of anything known about the required links from food energy to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.

The next reformation: 500 years too late? (4)

Amino acid modification FA_Epigenetics_Table1

Predicting who wins the 2017 Nobel Prizes (6)

October 4, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms Physics RNA-directed DNA methylation Variations

I failed to correctly predict who would win this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but there is still hope for my prediction of who will win the Nobel Peace Prize. I thought Lynn Zechiedrich would win for linking cryo-EM to the Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

Our cryo-ET, biochemical, and computational studies show the astounding versatility and dynamism of DNA depending on the degree of supercoiling. DNA simultaneously exists in a largely inactive B-form with bases tucked in and protected and an active, highly varied structure with exposed bases. Our data provide relative comparisons of supercoiling-dependent twisted, writhed, curved, and kinked conformations and associated base exposure. Each of these structural features may be differentially recognized by the proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules that modulate DNA metabolic processes.

“Electron cryo-tomography (ECT, also called cryo-electron tomography, cryo-ET or CET) is an imaging technique used to produce high-resolution (~4 nm) three-dimensional views of samples, typically biological macromolecules and cells.^[1] ECT is a specialized application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in which samples are imaged as they are tilted, resulting in a series of 2D images that can be combined to produce a 3D reconstruction, similar to a CT scan of the human body. In contrast to other electron tomography techniques, samples are immobilized in non-crystalline (“vitreous”) ice and imaged under cryogenic conditions (< −150 °C), allowing them to be imaged without dehydration or chemical fixation, which could otherwise disrupt or distort biological structures.^[2]“
See for comparison: Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), or electron cryomicroscopy, is a form of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures (generally liquid-nitrogen temperatures).^[1] Cryo-EM is gaining popularity in structural biology.^[2]
The Zechiedrich group used cryo-ET to link the energy-dependent transfer of hydrogen atoms in DNA base pairs in solution from quantum physics to chemistry and the functional structure of DNA via RNA-directed DNA methylation. For example, fixation of amino acid substitutions differentiates all cell types in all living genera in the context of their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.
I apologize for being wrong about this award. Obviously, I do not know the diffference between cryo-EM and cryo-ET Instead, see: Scientists Who Developed Cryo-Electron Microscopy Win Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded this morning (October 4) to three scientists who developed cryo-electron microscopy, a method that allows scientists to freeze biomolecules and view them at atomic resolution. Using this technique, researchers have been able to study the structure of a variety of biological molecules, from proteins involved in circadian rhythms to the Zika virus.

This is the first of the three Prizes awarded to researchers this year who have linked quantum physics from chemistry to biology via the claims of Richard Feynman about food energy, which can now be placed into the context of links from cryo-EM and possibly also from cryo-ET to all biodiversity — especially if there are unremarkable differences between cryo-ET and cryo-EM.
In any case, Feynman knew that observation at the level of atomic resolution would be required to link food energy-dependent changes in electrons to ecosystems in all living genera (via hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution) and the physiology of reproduction. Bruce McEwen also knew at the time he co-authored: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

Those who have failed to link quantized energy as information to ATP dependent life and all biodiversity via the synthesis of RNA have also failed to link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA from mutations to all pathology. For comparison, see: All About that Base (Meghan Trainor Parody).
Perhaps the Nobel Prize Committee does not value the use of parodies to ridicule pseudoscientists who have failed to link energy-dependent changes from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA via RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the biophysically constrained physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species form microbes to humans.
For comparison, this parody is about what “Chemists Know” about how to link energy-dependent changes in electrons to ecosystems.
See also: Celebrate Your Inner Virus 10/3/17

Viruses are amazingly complex and beautiful machines. They exhibit all the hallmarks of being designed, though we often fail to recognize them as such. Therefore, we seek to highlight the strengths of what makes a virus on this Virus Appreciation Day.1 The design in viruses is highlighted in many different ways, from being essential during normal developmental processes to being used as novel therapy for treating brain cancer. It is important that we understand the design present in viruses because God made them. All creatures of our God demonstrate his handiwork, and viruses are no different.

I was shocked to see the claim that God created viruses come from “…an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.” The claims that viruses are like “All creatures of our God…” is even more amazing given the publication history of “Answers in Genesis.”
This was also reported in the same publication: Did God Make Pathogenic Viruses? 4/1/1999

…viruses are not living, and in order to reproduce and to make ATP, they require all of the complex cellular machinery present in bacterial cells. Other scientists speculate that a reverse symbiosis occurred, and that viruses arose out of cell parts such as bacterial plasmids and other organelles, and eventually evolved into separate forms of life.18

See also: Research is showing that viruses are a critical part of life. Holmes has noted:

‘For sheer numbers, no other ocean beings can match viruses. Thousands, sometimes even millions of these molecular parasites inhabit every drop of surface seawater, outnumbering even bacteria by 10 to 1 … evidence that suggests that viruses are a powerful force in the sea, and one that determines how many plankton and ultimately how many fish, and even humans, an ocean ecosystem can support … viruses must have a profound influence on the entire oceanic ecosystem. When protozoans eat bacteria, energy passes along the food chain leading from protozoa to other zooplankton to larger predators, including fish. But when virus-infected bacterial cells burst, their energy-rich cell contents spill into the water for other bacteria to scavenge. “Viruses tend to keep nutrients away from the big stuff and keep them going around in the little stuff,” says Fuhrman. If so, viruses have shaped the entire structure of the ecosystem.’62

Eugene Koonin admitted that The entire evolution of the microbial world and the virus world, and the interaction between microbes and viruses and other life forms have been left out of the Modern Synthesis…
Kalevi Kull wrote: Nobody wants to belong to the party of losers. One of the best strategies in such a case is evidently an interpretation of the change as a gradual accumulation of knowledge while their work has always been at the cutting edge.
It has become obvious that the virus-driven energy theft of quantized energy as information causes the mutations that all serious scientists have linked to all pathology in species from microbes to humans. In a twist of fate, an apologetics ministry appear to support claims linked to the Modern Synthesis. At the same time, the cutting edge research of all serious scientists and the cell biology game “Cytosis” have linked the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to the creation of ATP and the creation of RNA. Energy-dependent RNA-mediated DNA repair has been linked to all biophysically constrained biodiversity via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.
Thank God, as we wait for more information to come from apologetics ministries and from biologically uninformed neo-Darwinian theorists, some of us can begin to learn how to protect ourselves from viruses, just in case that is what God intended us to be able to do.

Cytosis Shipping Update

The fulfillment centers in the UK and Australia started shipping Cytosis out to backers last week, and the fulfillment centers in the US and Germany are planning to start shipping packages out this week (Let’s keep our fingers crossed). Shipments to Canada will be 3-4 days behind US shipments since those games got delivered to the US and then split off to Canada

"Evolution of Man. - Undoubtedly there once lived upon the earth races of men who were much lower in their mental organization than the present inhabitants.

Science vs Secularism: Molecular Mechanisms or Math?

September 7, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation Variations What's in the News

Summary: An example from ancient knowledge of trigonometry links pattern recognition as the basis for the science of creationism, and pattern recognition also is the basis for molecular biology.
What form of virus-driven pathology would you most like to see eliminated from future consideration by serious scientists who know how energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs? In any case, a PubMed search for microRNA and your disease of choice will be enlightening. See for example: microRNA + Alzheimer’s or microRNA + fragile X syndrome; Parkinson’s disease; diabetes; cancer; malaria; and/or other human diseases
See: Are scientists who speak out against religion hurting science? for discussion of Why religion is not going away and science will not destroy it

…science needs all the friends it can get. Its advocates would be well advised to stop fabricating an enemy out of religion, or insisting that the only path to a secure future lies in a marriage of science and secularism.

Serious scientists have met the enemies of science. One of them is the author of Quantum common sense

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

More than 64,000 indexed publications on the PubMed site attest to the fact that the energy-dependent de novo creation of plant microRNAs is linked to all healthy longevity via the food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans. Experimentally established facts about the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA are linked to all pathology via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance.

See: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

What form of virus-driven pathology would you most like to see eliminated from future consideration by serious scientists who know how energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs? In any case, a PubMed search for microRNA and your disease of choice will be enlightening. See for example: microRNA + Alzheimer’s or microRNA + fragile X syndrome; Parkinson’s disease; diabetes; cancer; malaria; and/or other human diseases
Role of miRNAs in development and disease: Lessons learnt from small organisms

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small (18-22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and many other small organisms have been instrumental in deciphering the biological functions of miRNAs. While some miRNAs from small organisms are highly conserved across the taxa, others are organism specific. The miRNAs are known to play a crucial role during development and in various cellular functions such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The miRNAs associated with fragile X syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, cancer, malaria, infectious diseases and several other human diseases have been identified from small organisms. These organisms have been used as platforms in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of human diseases and to study miRNA biogenesis. Small organisms have also been used in the development of miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. The molecular techniques such as genome sequencing, northern blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR, have been used in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in small organisms. How miRNAs from small organisms especially those from Drosophila and C. elegans regulate development and disease pathogenesis is the focus of this review. The outstanding questions raised by our current understanding are discussed.

See for comparison: Quantum Theory Rebuilt From Simple Physical Principles by Philip Ball

“What is needed is new mathematics that will render these notions scientific,” he said. Then, perhaps, we’ll understand what we’ve been arguing about for so long.”

I do not believe that new mathematics will end the arguments, and I do not believe anything Philip Ball claims. Does any intelligent person on Earth believe this claim? “We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking”

For a historical perspective on the nonsense touted by theorists and so-called science journalists, like Philip Ball, see:

Secularism: This ancient Babylonian tablet may contain the first evidence of trigonometry

He and Wildberger concluded that the Babylonians expressed trigonometry in terms of exact ratios of the lengths of the sides of right triangles, rather than by angles, using their base 60 form of mathematics, they report today in Historia Mathematica. “This is a whole different way of looking at trigonometry,” Mansfield says. “We prefer sines and cosines … but we have to really get outside our own culture to see from their perspective to be able to understand it.”

When have serious scientists not gone outside our own culture to understand how the history of human behavioral development has been misrepresented by so-called experts.

See: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome

The findings confirm their earlier work suggesting that the majority of variants, including potentially harmful ones, were picked up during the past 5,000–10,000 years.

Simply put, the harmful variants probably contribute to our relative lack of intelligence compared to the intelligence of our ancestors, unless you think that a single-celled organism is one of your ancestors. Obviously, however, even if that is the case, you are somewhat more intelligent that pond scum. But, let me apologize in advance for referring to you as a “biologically uninformed science idiot” — in the context of the definition of “idiot” as someone with no professional expertise. Apologists might use the term “fool” in the context of this passage from the Holy Bible:

“Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die:”

Feynman used the term “human idiocy” in the context of representations made by theoretical physicists:

Prepare yourself to experience more insults from experts who have, during the past 5-10,000 years confirmed the links from energy to physics, chemistry, and molecular biology in the context of food energy and the biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.

Apologetics:Indiana Banks and the Tablet of Trig

This story attracted my attention because it is yet more evidence against the Darwinian narrative of human history, which holds that we evolved from apes and have been steadily gaining in technology and science ever since. The reality is very different. The evidence often points to initial brilliance followed by decline, the pattern that creationists would expect. In this instance, extremely ancient people pioneered a form of trigonometry that is more exact than the form used by later Mesopotamian nations and by the Greeks, Romans, and later Western Civilization.

Pattern recognition is the basis for the science of creationism and pattern recognition is the basis for molecular biology.

In their concluding paragraph, the authors link irreverent representations of the space-time continuum (Hawking, 1988) to our visual perception of mass and energy. With no vague representations of untested theories, they suggest that neural energy represents multisensory input at subsecond scales.

If what they suggest is true, their published work is an unprecedented refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense and an unparalleled refutation of “Big Bang” cosmology. Simply put, they concurrently link the creation of energy to the energy-dependent creation of the sense of smell in bacteria. The sense of smell is linked to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera via representations that link neural energy from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA.

For example, the sense of smell in bacteria is linked to the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum.

See:Evolutionary Rewiring

Strong selective pressure can lead to rapid and reproducible evolution in bacteria.

Natural selection for food energy-dependent codon optimality was linked to the ability of P. fluorescens to find food, which was linked to their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction by everything known about quorum sensing. But wait, that fact defies attempts to put the refutation of all theories into the context of something as simple-minded as this claim:

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

For more information on the mutation-driven “dumbing down” of you and your ancestors play the game “Cytosis” when it becomes available later this month and watch for more information on the game “Subatomic.” It is less difficult now than it ever has been to link energy-dependent changes from atoms to ecosystems by what is known to serious scientists. But first, you may need to dismiss the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by theorists.

This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man.

We also show that the readout layer can learn to decode the information stored in the reservoir via standard evolutionary strategies. Our work thus suggests that recurrent dynamics is a key element for the processing of complex time-dependent information by cells.

What evolutionary strategies led to the recurrent dynamics of time-dependent information processing and the use of trigonometry ~5000 years ago?
Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing

It seems that bacteria have some sort of collective memory by which they keep track of how they handled their previous encounters with antibiotics. They know how to collectively glean information from the environment, “talk” with each other, distribute tasks, generate collective memory, and turn their colony into a “cybernetic system”—a massive “brain” that can perform natural distributed information processing, learn from past experience, and possibly alter the genome organization or even create new genes to better cope with novel challenges.8–13,17,18

Physiology is rocking the foundations of evolutionary biology

Perhaps the elegant mathematics and the extraordinary reputation of the scientists involved blinded us to what now seems obvious: the organism should never have been relegated to the role of mere carrier of its genes.