An evolutionary theory killer

A reversible TCA cycle in a thermophile (3)

A pathway for mitotic chromosome formation

The combination of nested loops distributed around a helically twisted axis plus dense chromatin packing achieves the 10,000-fold compaction of chromatin into linearly organized chromosomes that is required for accurate chromosome segregation when cells divide.

The compaction of chromatin in the context of hydrophobicity is the topic of: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

Our data provide relative comparisons of supercoiling-dependent twisted, writhed, curved, and kinked conformations and associated base exposure. Each of these structural features may be differentially recognized by the proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules that modulate DNA metabolic processes.

Differential recognition of proteins clearly involves this link from natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality to the physiology of reproduction via RNA-directed DNA methylation.
See for comparison: DNA-Methylation: Master or Slave of Neural Fate Decisions?

The involvement of splicing as effector of changes in DNA methylation is an exciting new angle to pursue with more precise epigenetic engineering tools. Distinguishing essential from specific, and causal from secondary marks will be essential for neuro-epigenetics. New approaches promise to answer long outstanding questions and will likely facilitate the discovery that DNA modifications might have new unexpected roles in the brain.

Splicing is not the effector of changes in DNA methylation, energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance must be given first consideration. But, this article is part of the Research Topic: Epigenetic Mechanisms of Neurogenesis in the Developing Neocortex

The topic is an example of human idiocy for comparison to this report on alternative splicing, which was linked to energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency in the context of:

 Alternative splicing and the evolution of phenotypic novelty and the cell biology game: Cytosis

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.

The origins of morphological diversity cannot be evaluated outside the context of the origins of energy-dependent behavioral diversity, which requires that RNA-mediated DNA methylation be linked to differences in cell fate in all tissues of all individuals of all species on Earth. Typically, serious scientists do this by linking the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic viral latency from  subatomic particles to creation of atoms and ecosystems in the context of human brain development via mitotic chromosome formation.

See for instance: The Excitable Mitochondria and The vibrational theory of olfaction for the win by John Hewitt.
If he did not believe that “evolution did it” after the emergence of energy, he would not have placed his bets on ridiculous theories and criticized my life’s history of publications and presentations, which he claimed were BS.
See for comparison to his claims: Correcting for Differential Transcript Coverage Reveals a Strong Relationship between Alternative Splicing and Organism Complexity
We placed the facts about alternative splicing and increasing organismal complexity into the context of our section on molecular epigenetics in From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans…

The sexual differentiation of all cell types in species from yeast to humans was presciently placed into the context of what was known about pre-mRNA mediated biophysically constrained viral latency in 1996. Food energy-dependent pre-mRNAs are now referred to as microRNAs (miRNAs). The creation of the miRNAs links the anti-entropic virucidal of the sun to all biodiversity via the physiology of reproduction,  and our details from 1996 have been extended across species via this recently published work:
Reproductive role of miRNA in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays a critical role in regulating reproductive function. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is secreted by the hypothalamus, acts on pituitary gonadotrophs to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and secretion, ultimately affecting the animal’s fertility. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are widely expressed throughout the brain and can fine-tune gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recently, growing evidence has unveiled the central position of miRNAs within a key regulatory process involving GnRH secretion and subsequent activation in the pituitary. Although transcriptional regulation of reproduction has been well studied, the post-transcriptional processes are less well understood. In this review, we elaborate comprehensively on the critical role of miRNAs in the reproductive process, including both temporal and spatial aspects. A better understanding of how miRNAs impact the neuroendocrine system may improve our knowledge of reproduction and provide novel targets for therapeutic development.

For comparison, see: No Missing Link: Knowledge Predicts Acceptance of Evolution in the United States

Using a new demographically representative survey (N = 1100) that includes a detailed measure of evolution knowledge, we find that knowledge predicts level of acceptance, even after accounting for the effects of religion and politics. These results demonstrate that Americans’ views on evolution are significantly influenced by their knowledge about this theory and therefore might be amenable to change.

Reported as: Better knowledge of evolution leads to greater acceptance of the concept

…actual knowledge of the science seems to play a role, and we’ve documented that here for evolution for the first time in a representative population.”

If that claim was true, we would not see so many examples of people in other countries who have replaced the teaching of ridiculous evolutionary theories with facts that their students learn about ecological variation and ecological adaptations.
For example: Israeli Middle Schools School to Include Theory of Evolution (2014)

…learning about evolution is not the primary function of the decision, but rather to use it as a building block for students to learn more about their ecology.

See also: Turkish schools to stop teaching evolution, official says (2017)
If you are willing to consider the facts about why many countries do not teach humans to believe in ridiculous theories, please see:
Subatomic: From thermophiles to humans (in prep)

 
 
 

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA

The overwhelming ignorance of sex researchers (2)

Conclusion: There is a clear link from Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in individuals and in species with differences in behavioral phenotypes. The differences are food energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. The differences link the sense of smell and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in soil bacteria from The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression to the report on the Obligatory role of hypothalamic neuroestradiol during the estrogen-induced LH surge in female ovariectomized rhesus monkeys

Reported on December 12, 2017 as: Estrogen discovery could shed new light on fertility problems

Estradiol builds in the bloodstream until it reaches a concentration that causes a surge of the hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, including one called luteinizing hormone, which in turn trigger an ovary to release an egg.

“It’s a feedback loop…

From our section on “Neurosteroids” in this December 1996 Hormones and Behavior review: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Perhaps significantly, neuron-specific transcription regulation of neurosteroidogenic enzymes and subsequent neurosteroids production suggest clues to mechanisms that allow some persons to develop in accord with typical gonadal male-pattern or female-pattern hormones and have appropriate male-typical or female-typical physiques nonetheless have parameters of their sexual behavior profile quite opposite to their physical phenotype. For instance, it might be possible for local neurosteroid action in CNS loci specific for sexual orientation to operate independently of other hormonal production and separately from gross body morphology in general. This could, for instance, account for different manifestations of transsexualism and homosexuality.

The “gay agenda” served its proponents well as they attempted to bury the facts that link feedback loops from odors and pheromones to biophysically constrained viral latency.

See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

Most sex researchers still live in fear that the biologically uninformed masses will learn that homosexual orientation is nothing more than another variation of what happens in the context of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

See: The overwhelming ignorance of sex researchers (December 8, 2016)

All serious scientists link food energy to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and autophagy, which protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA links mutations to all pathology in species from microbes to humans.

If you try to make any aspect of pathology specific to any group of individuals in any human population, you challenge the totality of experimental evidence that links top-down causation to healthy longevity. You be forced to admit that you are not perfectly healthy, which means you are not qualified to judge the mental health or judge the physical health of others. The take home message is stop judging anyone based on your ignorance.

See also the author’s copy of this award-winning review: The Mind’s Eyes: Human pheromones, neuroscience, and male sexual preferences

Abstract:

The across-species genetic conservation of intercellular and extracellular chemical communication enables unicellular and multicellular organisms to functionally distinguish between self and non-self. Non-self olfactory/pheromonal input from the social environment elicits a vertebrate neuroendocrine response. The organization and activation of this neuroendocrine response modulates the concurrent maturation of the mammalian neuroendocrine system, the reproductive system, and the central nervous system during the development of sexual preferences that may be expressed in sexual behavior. Psychophysiological mechanisms for the development of these sexual preferences include focus on unconscious affects that are detailed in reciprocal cause and effect relationships. Olfactory/pheromonal conditioning elicits neuroendocrine effects accompanied by unconscious affects on the development of sexual preferences. Integrating these unconscious affects extends to humans a developmental model of behavior that includes the development of male sexual preferences for other males.

Conclusion:

ISSUES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION

    Rarely do sex researchers address the ongoing philosophical debate between canonical neo-Darwinism and Biblical creation.  Perhaps this is because any debate between scientific theory and religion arises from distinctly different domains of cognitive thought.  Does the acceptance of Darwin’s theory represent the glorification of Science pitted against religion, or is it a means by which Science and religion might be integrated?  Integration of Science and religion might be achieved by recognizing that the key components of this olfactory/pheromonal model appear to be as irreducibly complex as the basic tenets of evolution and the basic tenets of religion.

    From an evolutionary perspective, highly conserved GnRH peptide ligand/receptor signaling mechanisms are the molecular biochemical mechanisms for sexual reproduction in all organisms.  These signaling mechanisms also appear to play an integral role in the development of sexual preferences.  From a religious perspective, these signaling mechanisms dictate that the creation of life, which begets life, also allows for the creation of diversified life through the same mechanisms.  These mechanisms allow life to recognize the difference between self and non-self and to respond to this difference.

    Perhaps the creation of diversified human life gave us the ability to recognize differences between our sexual behavior and the sexual behavior of others.  Since all life does not beget diversified life, those who judge sexual preferences that do not seem to result in diversified life may be judging creation itself.

    It is easy to understand how someone could judge a particular sexual preference, without thought.  Unconscious affects that are manifest in the development of human sexual preferences are, by their nature, a part of diversified life that few people think about.  What we think about human sexual preferences becomes less meaningful when we realize that most of sexual behavior is not what we cognitively think it should be.  Indeed, the largest contributor to sexual preferences that are manifest in the sexual behavior of any species appears to be unconscious affect.  This also appears to be the basis for diversified life.

See this claim about diversified life for comparison: New Zealand discovery of fossilised ‘monster bird’ bones reveals a colossal, ancient penguin

Insights into penguin evolution

The other startling thing about the new colossal fossil is its ancient age. At 55 to 60 million years old, it is nearly as old as the earliest penguin ancestors ever found. It would have lived during a geological period known as the Paleocene, just after the mass extinction 66 million years ago that wiped out non-bird dinosaurs.

The most startling thing about this ridiculous claim is that it cannot be linked from anything known to serious scientists about biophysically constrained viral latency to all biodiversity on Earth via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and chromosomal rearrangements in birds.

See for comparison: Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral phenotypes 

Two fixed differences among 597 amino acids drive a Val73Ile and Ala552Thr (valine to alanine) polymorphism in ZAL2m that distinguish its morphological and behavioral phenotype from ZAL2.

See also: Autophagy.pro

There is a clear link from Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in individuals and in species with differences in behavioral phenotypes. The differences are food energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. The differences link the sense of smell and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in soil bacteria from The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression to the report on theObligatory role of hypothalamic neuroestradiol during the estrogen-induced LH surge in female ovariectomized rhesus monkeys

Science after peer review

Light-activated error-free DNA repair (4)

Summary: Most of what you probably thought was about science is based on the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by biologically uninformed theorists. Attempts to mine data from any peer-reviewed article that has been published by a theorist should start with the first article that linked energy-dependent life to the creation of uranium isotopes.

See: PLOS & The Hacker Within: mining scientific articles tutorial & hackathon

See for comparison: microRNA

See: Biogenic non-crystalline U(IV) revealed as major component in uranium ore deposits

This was reported as: Biologists discover electric bacteria that eat pure electrons rather than sugar, redefining the tenacity of life

Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared in the October 2005 issue of Scientific American.

See also the reappearance in 2009: The Workings of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor 

In 2005, this was published: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

 

The  food energy-dependent link from electrons to ecosystems in all living genera escaped from the ridiculous misrepresentations of theorists who linked emergence to evolution. Serious scientists clarified the fact that all organism must eat or their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction does not represent healthy longevity. For comparison, ecological variation and ecological adaptation have consistently been placed into the context of what organisms eat — even if they eat electrons — and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction that biophysically constrains viral latency.

See for comparison: Discussion of Seeing the Beautiful Intelligence of Microbes

Issaiah Wallace Why is it that the only info I can find on “virus-driven energy theft” is yours?No one else is smart enough?

Issaiah Wallace If you’re saying every pathology has a viral etiology, then you’re simply wrong.

People who tell me I’m wrong typically do not tell me what I am wrong about. That makes me think they know nothing about the topic. See for comparison: Chemists reveal one mechanism of dihydrogen production by nitrogenase

The results of the experiments suggested that only one hydrogen was actually involved in the rate-limiting step of H2 formation, and not two as the stoichiometry of the reaction indicates.
This experimental evidence fits well with the fact that the energy-dependent creation of only one enzyme is required to link the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in all living genera via hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction. In this report, however, they claim:

There is still work to be done to understand the mechanism of the other H2 evolution process that leads to N2 binding, activation, and reduction to NH3.

I do not believe that two different types of hydrogen evolved.SARCASM ALERT: But maybe that’s what I’m wrong about.But see: Promises and Challenges in Continuous Tracking Utilizing Amino Acids in Skin Secretions for Active Multi-Factor Biometric Authentication for Cybersecurity (with my emphasis)

Figure 1. Biocatalytic cascade for optical detection of three amino acids, using two detection pathways: A) measurement of NADH at 340 nm, and B) conversion of NADH to a visible color (formazan) via NBT/PMS which is observable at 580 nm.As shown in Figure 1, amino acids (glutamate, in this case) can be analyzed in two ways. Pathway A utilizes the UV properties of NADH alone, which can be observed[47] at 340 nm. Pathway B implements phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Here, PMS mediates the reaction of NADH reducing NBT to a colored product, formazan, which can be measured spectrophotometrically at 580 nm. Changing the starting enzyme and other chemicals as appropriate, the system can be adapted for the detection of alanine and phenylalanine using the same method. Alanine can be analyzed using an enzyme system containing alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH; E. C. 1.4.1.1). AlaDH consumes alanine and NAD+ to produce pyruvate (Pyr), NH3nine and NAD+, and NADH. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH; E. C. 1.4.1.20) produces phenylpyruvate (PhPyr), NH3, and NADH in the presence of phenylala. These two systems can be devised similarly to the glutamate cascade, with either pathway A, direct observation of NADH at 340 nm,[47] or pathway B, conversion of NADH to formazan via NBT/PMS which is observable at 580 nm.[48]

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

From base editing to RNA editing (5)

 
 
Please try to link the maturity molecule to the evolution of mental illness outside the context of food energy-dependent base editing, RNA editing, RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction that stabilizes the organized genomes of all living genera via chromosomal rearrangements.
 

Then see:Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults

Dopamine-mediated behavioral are effected by COMT Val158Met function, which

“… is known to be affected by a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in COMT (G-to-A base-pair substitution) leading to a methionine (Met) valine (Val) substitution at codons 108/158 (COMT Val158Met). Carriers of the Met allele have been found to display a fourfold decrease in enzymatic activity compared to Val allele carriers going along with an increase of prefrontal DA activity (Lachman et al. 1996; Lotta et al. 1995).”

The fact that one energy-dependent base-pair substitution and one RNA-mediated amino acid substitution can be linked to behavioral transitions via dopamine links epigenetics and genetics.

All serious scientists know that and some of them have been laughing at pseudoscientists for several decades. See from 10 December 2014:

See also: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

Tell the pseudoscientists and journalists who report ridiculous claims to stop treating us all as if we will always be biologically uninformed science idiots — unless that’s what you want to be when you grow up.

See for comparison: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

The next reformation: 500 years too late? (3)

Historical perspective: October 31, 1517 was the first Reformation Day

At the October 24, 2017 premiere of “Light Unshackled” (in Morganton, Georgia), I learned how the dramatic history of “The Reformation” was linked from the unnecessary suffering and premature death of many people to the life’s works of John Calvin, the leading French Protestant Reformer.

Phillip Mills, Phillip Mills, Jr. and others helped me realize that John Calvin’s works led to an attempt by the Templeton Foundation to bastardize what serious scientists know about Darwin’s energy-dependent “conditions of life.”

For comparison, the Templeton Foundation supports the efforts of those who place the energy-dependent creation of all biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled biodiversity back into the concept of random mutations and neo-Darwinian evolution.
 
If the Templeton Foundation’s purpose was to link science to religion, they would start with the facts. The facts link the creation of quantized energy from electrons to ecosystems in all living genera via the physiology of reproduction. By funding those who have failed to start from God’s creation of quantized energy as information and place it into the context of the virucidal energy of sunlight, the Templeton Foundation has funded the shackling of light that “Light Unshackled” linked from the “Dark Ages” before “The Reformation” to the Dark Years that followed — after the 1925 Scopes trial in Dayton, TN.
 

Since 1925, many students in the United States have been taught to believe that mutations cause evolution. That is what many of them still believe. Instead of learning more about how 1) the creation of sunlight was linked from 2) the creation of ATP and 3) the creation of RNA to 4) the creation of olfactory receptors and 5) the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera to 6) all biophysically constrained biodiversity, students learned to believe in pseudoscientific nonsense.

Thank God, those of us who do not believe in that pseudoscientific nonsense are not still being martyred.

See: Randomness and Divine Providence

Excerpt:

We cannot conceive of a global external factor that could cause, during this time, parallel evolution of amino acid compositions of proteins in 15 diverse taxa that represent all three domains of life and span a wide range of lifestyles and environments. Thus, currently, the most plausible hypothesis is that we are observing a universal, intrinsic trend that emerged before the last universal common ancestor of all extant organisms.

The food energy-dependent trend links the metabolism of food to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera. Energy-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions protect all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy. Virus-driven energy theft must be biophysically constrained. That is why no last universal common ancestor of all extant organisms will ever be found.

Energy as information did not emerge. It was created and the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight is proof of that fact. The creation of energy as information links quantum physics to the creation of quantum souls across the space-time continuum.

See for comparison to what serious scientists believe, and why they are not likely to believe in neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense:
 

Kalevi Kull: Censorship & Royal Society Evo Event

“…the dramatic history of the theory of evolution. . .

Here’s a sketch. Estonia has been described as a country with one of the richest political experiences. We also see this in our history of Darwinism.

In the 19th century, Tartu University was one of the leading German-language universities, and one of the leading critics of Darwin was working at Tartu University — Karl Ernst von Baer, the founder of developmental biology. Simultaneously, one of the very first courses in the world and best textbooks written about Darwin’s-time Darwinism was provided by a professor at the same university, Georg Seidlitz.

Around the turn of the century, before WWI, Tartu University was a Russian-language university, and Darwinism was soon popularised as supporting early socialist ideas. Soon after, together with advances in genetics, evolutionary theory was interpreted as a basis for eugenics (also used in this way by national socialists in Germany before WWII).

Then Estonia was annexed by Russia, and after the WWII for more than a decade it meant the influence of vulgar Darwinism (also called ‘creative Darwinism’ at that time), as propagated by Lysenko (yes, he also praised Darwin, he just did not like genetics).

In the 1970s and 80s, all students in the Soviet Union had to learn how Darwinism goes hand in hand with Marxism, meaning a good connection with the ‘synthetic theory of evolution’, which was a synonym for neo-Darwinism. . .

Simultaneously, a radical non-Darwinism was also developing within certain circles of Soviet biologists, who took it from the theory of Nomogenesis of Lev Berg and his follower Alexander Lyubischev. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, an outgrowth of neo-Darwinism called sociobiology became a dominant view for many, particularly among zoologists. . .

If one has read all this and been able to understand why all these scholars had the views they had, it is hardly possible to describe this history as gradual improvement of a model, continuous extension of a synthesis. There have rather been different paradigms existing and developing in parallel. Most of the time just one of them was strongly dominant over the other. And since evolutionary theory has almost always been tied to some ideological battles, its changes were not limited by scientific discoveries.

Nevertheless, we have good friends and colleagues whose views about evolution we do not share. But should we therefore be less strict in our formulations about our views? No, that would mean giving up our understanding. Good teachers wouldn’t do so.

Good people do not give up their understanding of molecular epigenetics. They find new ways to teach others the truth about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.

Biology, molecular and organismic(1964)

Ingram and others found that hemoglobin S differs from A in the substitution of just a single amino acid, valine in place of glutamic acid in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule.

McEwen et al., (1964) Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation”

Isolated thymus nuclei transport amino acids into an intranuclear pool by a process which seems to depend on energy from nuclear ATP synthesis (20).

Species of Drosophila (1972)

Intraspecific variations are important as raw materials from which race and species differentials are compounded in the process of evolution. Lamarck and Darwin stressed that species were not all uniformly discrete. Darwin concluded that “species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties, and that each species first existed as a variety” (3).

Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (1973)

…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla.

A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution (2005)

Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and, thus, can evolve.

Please note: Only the article from 2005 claims that amino acids automagically evolve outside the context of anything known about the required links from food energy to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.

The next reformation: 500 years too late? (4)

Cytosis

From base editing to RNA editing (2)

Summary: The link from the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of all living genera is all that is required to claim adaptation for comparison to Koonin’s moronic assertion that the amino acid composition of proteins varies because the composition evolved.
Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation

A “fresh” (i.e., not yet “fossil”) bone can be plastically deformed before it breaks because it is still rich in collagen and because the calcium crystals that constitute large part of the bony matrix are not yet substituted by other minerals, as happens during the process of mineralization34. Such a diagenetic process may occur in environments that are rich in water, like a riverbed or a perilacustrine paleosol; the latter was probably the case in the Ceprano area5.

The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA links the diagenetic process in living tissue links to the fossil record via changes that appear to have occurred during the past 5-10,000 years.
See for instance: MicroRNA-32 promotes calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications as a novel marker for coronary artery calcification
The increased level of calcification in smooth muscle cells, which is associated with increased rates of coronary artery calcification is a clear indicator that the proliferation of viruses in organized genomes causes the negative supercoiling of DNA, which serious scientists have linked to all pathology.
See also: A Post Mortem Case Study: Diffuse Pulmonary Ossification and Sudden Death
Case studies have no explanatory power outside the context of models that link electrons to ecosystems in all living genera. In this case study, it is clear that the pulmonary ossification and sudden death can be placed into the context of my model of nutritional epigenetics.
See: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man. Species diversity is a biologically-based nutrient-dependent morphological fact and species-specific pheromones control the physiology of reproduction. The reciprocal relationships of species-typical nutrient-dependent morphological and behavioral diversity are enabled by pheromone-controlled reproduction. Ecological variations and biophysically constrained natural selection of nutrients cause the behaviors that enable ecological adaptations. Species diversity is ecologically validated proof-of-concept. Ideas from population genetics, which exclude ecological factors, are integrated with an experimental evidence-based approach that establishes what is currently known. This is known: Olfactory/pheromonal input links food odors and social odors from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of species from microbes to man during their development.

Attempts to support theories about random mutations and evolution have failed miserably and have largely been replaced with facts about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.
See: RNA Editing Possible with CRISPR-Cas13

The tool itself could be further developed, adds computational biologist Eugene Koonin of the National Center for Biotechnology Information who also was not involved in the study. “This paper is not the end of the road,” he says. It’s possible that Cas13b could be fused to a variety of editing enzymes that would allow a range of different sequence changes. The possibilities are numerous, Koonin says, and “the best is still to come.”

This paper is the end of the road for pseudoscientists and biologically uninformed theorists, like Eugene Koonin, who made this ridiculous claim in 2005:
Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and, thus, can evolve. –Jordan et al., (2005) A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution
See for comparison: The entire evolution of the microbial world and the virus world, and the interaction between microbes and viruses and other life forms have been left out of the Modern Synthesis… (2015) — Eugene Koonin
See also Koonin’s attack on all models of ecological adaptation: Splendor and misery of adaptation, or the importance of neutral null for understanding evolution (2016)

…population genetic theory, combined with the data of comparative genomics, clearly indicates that such a “pan-adaptationist” approach is a fallacy. The proper question is: how has this sequence evolved? And the proper null hypothesis posits that it is a result of neutral evolution: that is, it survives by sheer chance provided that it is not deleterious enough to be efficiently purged by purifying selection. To claim adaptation, the neutral null has to be falsified.

The link from the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of all living genera is all that is required to claim adaptation for comparison to Koonin’s moronic assertion that the amino acid composition of proteins varies because the composition evolved.
Each time a new claim attests to the facts about energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained cause and effect, remember how long those facts have been placed on hold by people like Eugene Koonin and Jay R. Fiereman, who is the moderator of the International Society for Human Ethology’s Yahoo Group.
See this attempt to discuss mysterious DNA changes with Jay R. Feierman who on 7/25/13 wrote:

Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.

All DNA modifications are energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. Publications in Science and Nature attest to the foolishness of those who have tried to link base editing and RNA editing to human cell type differentiation without starting with the fact that RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions are food energy-dependent.
Clearly there are no mysterious stress-linked DNA modifications. Nutrient stress and/or social stress cause the proliferation of viruses. Typically the proliferation of viruses is biophysically constrained by food energy and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.
See “Cytosis” for the game-ending details that placed the nonsense about neutral null falsification back into the historical perspective of the “Dark Ages.”
See also: Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment (with my emphasis)

Evidence for beneficial mutations

We sought to understand what proportion of the genomic changes in the non-mutator populations was adaptive, and how that proportion changed over time. One line of evidence derives from the expectation that synonymous substitutions—point mutations in protein-coding genes that do not affect the amino-acid sequence—are neutral and should therefore accumulate at a rate equal to the underlying mutation rate20,35. This expectation is not strictly true owing to selection on codon usage, RNA folding, and other effects, but it is generally thought that such selection is extremely weak, affects only a small fraction of sites at risk for synonymous mutations, or both 36,37.

RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry is biophysically constrained. It is nutrient energy-dependent and biodiversity is controlled by the energy-dependent physiology of reproduction. In 2015, Lenski’s group admitted to their lie about the beneficial mutations, with the claim “This expectation is not strictly true owing to selection on codon usage…”
No beneficial mutations have been found by serious scientists. But Lenski’s group clearly indicated they would continue to lie about all aspects of energy-dependent biodiversity. They hoped to make it appear that all energy-dependent biodiversity emerged and then automagically evolved. If they could do that, they knew that their idiot minions were not likely to examine selection for energy-dependent codon usage. But then,
See for comparison: The dynamics of molecular evolution over 60,000 generations
After 10,000 more generations, Lenski’s group reported that standard models of mutation-driven evolution has not been supported by their experimental evidence. Instead, they placed their results into the context of natural selection for energy-dependent codon usage and long-term adaptation, which obviously occurred outside the context of mutation–selection balance and neutral mutation accumulation.
They clearly indicated that the complexity of ecological variation and energy-dependent ecological adaptation must be considered before reporting anything in the context of natural genetic variation. Simply put, they refuted all the pseudoscientific nonsense their past claims caused to be touted by other biologically uninformed theorists. They reported that ecological adaptation occurs outside the context of the mutations and evolution.
But see: Molecular evolution: No escape from the tangled bank

Ecological interactions emerge spontaneously in an experimental study of bacterial populations cultured for 60,000 generations, and sustain rapid evolution by natural selection.

The claim that there is no escape from the tangled bank is true. Joshua B. Plotkin took Lenki’s group’s refutation of mutation-driven evolution and placed it back into the context of the spontaneous emergence of energy-dependent ecological interactions. And then, he again touted the nonsense about evolution by natural selection.
See also: Rapid and Inexpensive Evaluation of Nonstandard Amino Acid Incorporation in Escherichia coli (2017)

…we developed a toolkit for characterizing any Escherichia coli OTS that reassigns the amber stop codon (TAG). It assesses OTS performance by comparing how the fluorescence of strains carrying plasmids encoding a fused RFP-GFP reading frame, either with or without an intervening TAG codon, depends on the presence of the nsAA. We used this kit to (1) examine nsAA incorporation by seven different OTSs, (2) optimize nsAA concentration in growth media, (3) define the polyspecificity of an OTS, and (4) characterize evolved variants of amberless E. coli with improved growth rates.

Even with the tools available, which have refuted all ridiculous theories of mutation-driven evolution, the claims that variants “evolved” continues to plague all serious scientists. It seems that placing the claims that variants evolved into the context of natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera serves no purpose. However, even if biologically uninformed science idiots are not willing to admit that top-down causation requires first consideration for the energy source, there is hope for the future. Most people intuitively understand that the food energy from what organisms eat must be linked to the metabolism of food and the metabolism of food to species-specific pheromones is the only known link from the physiology of reproduction to all biophysically constrained biodiversity in the context of viral latency.
Epigenetic effects must be linked to affects on behavior and the difference between an effect on hormones and an affect of hormones on behavior must be considered in the context of how food odors and pheromones are linked to the physiology of human reproduction by serious scientists.
For example, see: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction
 
 

For God and Country

Energy-dependent structure and function: Until death (5)

Summary: If a player starts with evolution instead of the creation of energy that links ATP to the creation of RNA, the player is a loser.
Nobody wants to belong to the party of losers. One of the best strategies in such a case is evidently an interpretation of the change as a gradual accumulation of knowledge while their work has always been at the cutting edge. — Kalevi Kull
Secular: Ancient Viruses Are Buried in Your DNA (2017) by Carl Zimmer

…early embryos may have come to depend on the tricks viruses use to manipulate them. “We’re exploiting a property that has evolved for the virus’s benefit,” Dr. Katzourakis said.

Science fiction novelist: The Darwin Code by Greg Bear

In 1996, I proposed to my publishers a novel about the coming changes in biology and evolutionary theory. The novel would describe an evolutionary event happening in real-time–the formation of a new sub-species of human being. What I needed, I thought, was some analog to what happens in bacteria. And so I would have to invent ancient viruses lying dormant in our genome, suddenly reactivated to ferry genes and genetic instructions between humans.

To my surprise, I quickly discovered I did not have to invent anything. Human endogenous retroviruses are real, and many of them have been in our DNA for tens of millions of years. Even more interesting, some have a close relationship to the virus that causes AIDS, HIV.

Serious Young Earth Creationist: Did God Make Pathogenic Viruses? (1999)

…viruses are not living, and in order to reproduce and to make ATP, they require all of the complex cellular machinery present in bacterial cells.

Serious scientist: Where do viruses come from? (2004)

“Viruses tend to keep nutrients away from the big stuff and keep them going around in the little stuff,” says Fuhrman. If so, viruses have shaped the entire structure of the ecosystem.’ — Holmes, B., Who Rules the Waves? New Scientist 152(2054):8–9, supp, 1996

Serious Young Earth Creationist/Scientist: Viral Genome Junk Is Bunk

So, where do viruses come from that essentially share the same sequences as those found in their host genomes? Perhaps the evolutionists have placed the cart before the horse on this issue, as proposed by several creationist scientists.4,6 In fact, in an ironic twist, the evidence mentioned above indicates that viruses likely arose from their hosts and not the other way around. As molecular biologist and biochemist Peter Borger notes, “The most parsimonious answer is: the RNA viruses got their genes from their hosts.”6

Secular/Young Earth Creationist: Celebrate Your Inner Virus (2017)

It is important that we understand the design present in viruses because God made them. All creatures of our God demonstrate his handiwork, and viruses are no different.

Infographic: Evolving Virulence

…under natural conditions, a newly emergent, highly lethal pathogen that kills very rapidly is expected to evolve lower virulence. At the same time, however, the host species is evolving resistance to the infection…

Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction. See: Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition and Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception
My comment to The Scientist:

Substitutions Near the Receptor Binding Site Determine Major Antigenic Change During Influenza Virus Evolution (2013)

“The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.”

One nutrient energy-dependent change in a base pair is linked to fixation of the amino acid substitution in the virus and one nutrient energy-dependent change in a base pair is linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to fixation of amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of hosts. Fixation is a function of the innate immune system, which  biophysically constrains viral latency.

Simply put, it’s “All about that base” See also: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

Nutrient stress and social stress act on the same molecular mechanisms that link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to mutations and all pathology. That fact can now be examined in the context of everything know about how the cryo-EM technology links energy-dependent changes in electrons to ecosystems via the physiology of reproduction. Alternatively, everything known to serious scientists about ecological variation and energy-dependent ecological adaptations can be place back into the context of ridiculous theories about evolution.

See for example, these claims about a model for how the brain controls foraging.
Brain modelling: Does the brain control foraging?

The brain might instead act as a mediator between controlling factors in the environment and behavioural output. Perhaps, like evolution, it functions as a tinkerer, equipped with a range of signalling or other mechanisms that allow adaptation (see F. Jacob Science 196, 1161–1166; 1977).

Claims that the brain evolved have been replaced by claims that the brain is an energy-dependent ecological adaptation. Claims about its ability to function as a tinkerer have been replaced with facts that link electrons to ecosystems via the 2017 Nobel Prize-winning technology called cryo-EM. Developers of the technology won the Prize in Chemistry.
Cryo-EM can now be viewed in this context of biophyiscally constrained protein folding chemistry and claims from 2005.
See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction
The claims about feedback loops can be placed into the context of what anyone who is 10 years-old can learn about cell biology and virus-driven energy theft by playing the game “Cytosis.”
If a player starts with evolution instead of the creation of energy that links ATP to the creation of RNA, the player is a loser.

For God and Country

Life and death via chemical effects on photosynthesis

Summay: “…chemosignals are a promising approach both to modeling posttraumatic stress disorders in humans [36] and to searching for mehods of their treatment.”
Serious scientists linked the sense of smell in bacteria from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space time continuum.
The fact that food odors and pheromones biophysically constrain cell type differentiation in mammals was first placed into the context of [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)] (1994)


For evidence of the link from the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to all biodiversity, see also: 1994 Effect of atrazine herbicide on growth, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and fatty acid composition in the unicellular green alga Chlorella kessleri

Sublethal atrazine concentrations induced a general inhibition on growth, photosynthesis, and dark respiration in the green alga Chlorella kessleri….. Progressive reduction in protein synthesis was associated with increasing herbicide concentration at all experimental periods. The herbicide had preferential effect on the associated fatty acid composition of total and phospholipids. After 24 and 48 hr the herbicide stimulated fatty acids synthesis at concentrations where photosynthesis was inhibited. Meanwhile, stearic and miristic acids disappeared at 15 μM after 24 hr and the total polyunsaturated fatty acids were not affected after 48 hr. Fatty acid synthesis was sensitive to treatment at 72 hr by 5 and 10 μM atrazine, whereas the total saturated fatty acids were completely inhibited.

Sublethal effects of  chemicals on protein biosynthesis and degradation have been linked to all pathology via the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which links changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance to mutations and all pathology. For example, this is what must happen to link the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from electrons to ecosystems via the chemistry and physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera.

A dietary difference in nematodes links their chemistry of metabolism from what they eat to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in C. elegans and the ecological adaptations manifested in P. pacificus, a predatory nematode with teeth.
See other information on biophysically constrained biologically based cause and effect in Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model.

The epigenetic effects of nutrients on evolved differences in the diet and starch digestion of dogs and wolves (Axelsson et al., ) were detailed at the same time differences in the socialization of these subspecies were attributed to explorations involving only chemosensory input in 3 to 4-week-old wolf pups. For comparison, differences in starch digestion and exploration involving multisensory input in dogs begin a mere 2 weeks later (Lord, ). The differences in nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled socialization, however, extend across a life-time of more aggressive behavior in wolves that have not been domesticated because less digested starch from their diet genetically predisposes infants to first respond to olfactory/pheromonal cues as they initially explore their postnatal environment.

See also: Dogs Recognize Themselves in Test Based on Smell, Not Sight

But, she said, her test and the mirror tests “all show that there’s this selective sensory investigation of something that comes from yourself, but is changed.”

The link from a light-induced change in an endogenous substrate — that comes from yourself — to the physiology of reproduction is changed by the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction, which is linked to all biodiversity.
That fact and facts about intelligence in different species started to become clear when Schrodinger (1944) wrote:

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.) (pp. 73 and 74)

Perfect clarity was achieved among all intelligent serious scientists when McEwen et al, (1964) wrote; Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

Nothing in life happens outside the context of the ATP-dependent creation of RNA.
Decades later, Roger Penrose wrote:

“How often do we still hear that quantum effects can have little relevance in the study of biology, or even that we eat food in order to gain energy?” (Roger Penrose 8 August 1991)

See also: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception
The authors linked the sense of smell in bacteria from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space time continuum.
The fact that food odors and pheromones biophysically constrain cell type differentiation in mammals was first placed into the context of [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)] (1994) in Russian
Abstract excerpt (in English)

The adaptive role of cytogenetic and other observed pheromonal effects is considered. The possible existence of interorganism systems of genetic regulation is discussed, the search for and study of which may help in more complete understanding of the regularities of functioning of genetic material.

See also: [Cytogenetic effect of volatile components of urine of sexually mature animals on bone marrow cells of young female house mice Mus musculus L] (1996) in Russian

Effects of volatile components of the urine (VCU) of mature male and female CBA/LacStoRap mice on proliferating bone marrow cells in young females of the same line were analyzed.

In 2005,  a 2004 Nobel Laureate and her co-authors caught up to what researchers in Russia had already been claiming for 20 years. See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction
See also: Chemosignals from isolated females have antimutagenic effect in dividing the cells of bone marrow from male mice of the CBA strain (2014) with my emphasis

Humans also have various pheromone-induced physiological effects, especially those associated with reproduction [46, 47]. This suggests that the human olfactory system is still an effective pathway for influencing environmental factors on the human nervous system. Various psychoemotional states of the human nervous system can, in turn, disrupt the integrity of the chromosomal apparatus of target cells, for instance lymphocytes [41, 42]. Therefore, studies on the oppositely directional modulation of the mutagenic consequences of stress in rodents with the use of specific, volatile, and zoosocial important chemosignals are a promising approach both to modeling posttraumatic stress disorders in humans [36] and to searching for mehods of their treatment.

[46] is Kohl, J.V., Atzmueller, M., Fink, B., and Grammer, K., Human pheromones: integrating neuroendocrinology and ethology, Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 2001, vol. 22, pp. 309–321.
See also: Cytogenetic approaches for determining ecological stress in aquatic and terrestrial biosystems (2015)

Genetic monitoring of the environment is an important component in the analysis of the status of the biosystems. Its efficiency depends on the correct choice of (a) natural bioindicator species; (b) appropriate signs reflecting the state of the environment; and (c) appropriate statistical analysis. The assessment of genomes’ integrity plays the key role in the studies of mutagenicity in a polluted environment. We present a step-by-step recommendations for the analysis of the cytogenetic data and discuss the prospects of applying genetic tests for ecological monitoring, based on the example of analysis using crustacean species.

The nutrient energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations in all invertebrates and vertebrates were reviewed in the context of: Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

Future work on O. vulgaris olfaction must also consider how animals acquire the odours detected by the olfactory organ and what kind of odour the olfactory organ perceives. The OL acting as control centre may be target organ for metabolic hormones such as leptin like and insulin like peptides, and olfactory organ could exert regulatory action on the OL via epigenetic effects of nutrients and pheromones on gene expression (Kohl, 2013; Elekonich and Robinson, 2000). — p. 61

See for comparison 1): Riding the Evolution Paradigm Shift With Eugene Koonin

“[T]he entire ideology of personalized medicine should be taken with many grains of salt. It’s not useless, it’s useful to sequence thousands of genomes. It’s useful to sequence everyone’s genome. It’s useful and desirable — yet, it’s wrong and to some degree dangerous to think that, by peering into the sequence of the A, G, T, and Cs in your genome, your family doctor is going to tell you how to treat all your conditions and what conditions you are going to develop, and which ones you are not going to develop, and so on.” — Eugene Koonin

See also for comparison 2): Riding the Evolution Paradigm Shift With Eugene Koonin

“The entire evolution of the microbial world and the virus world, and the interaction between microbes and viruses and other life forms have been left out of the Modern Synthesis…” — Eugene Koonin

The entire ideology of personalized medicine is based on what is known about how the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight must be linked from endogenous RNA interference and foraging behavior to the physiology of biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans. See this 7 minute representation from my Precision Medicine virtual conference presentation. Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (2017)
Do not be surprised if you cannot track the historical record of scientific advances in nutritional epigenetics from 1994 Effect of atrazine herbicide on growth, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and fatty acid composition in the unicellular green alga Chlorella kessleri to the current representations of top-down causation and energy-dependent biophysically constrained biologically-based cause and effect. There are many pseudoscientists who will do everything possible to prevent you from learning that their ridiculous theories have never been supported by experimental evidence.
See for example: 7/25/13
Jay R. Feierman: “Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.”
See also: One crank dies, another rises to take his place by PZ Myers

I was asked to look at a string of comments left on a science article by a fellow going by the pseudonym JVK, and all the Davison traits were there. Pretentious phrasing. Repetition: if the audience didn’t get it the first time, just say the same thing again, twice. A kind of sneering anger that people don’t understand how smart he is. An obsession with one narrow idea, which is his, which explains all of evolution and proves that everyone else is wrong.
Behold James Vaughn Kohl.

Ecological adaptation occurs via the epigenetic effects of nutrients on alternative splicings of pre-mRNA which result in amino acid substitutions that differentiate all cell types of all individuals of all species. The control of the differences in cell types occurs via the metabolism of the nutrients to chemical signals that control the physiology of reproduction.
These facts do not refute evolution; they simply refute the ridiculous theory of mutation-initiated natural selection that most people here were taught to believe is the theory of evolution.
That theory is far too ridiculous to be anything but a joke in the context of biological-based increasing organismal complexity. But here, we have lots of jokers, don’t we? The proof of ecological variation that appears to refute the theory of evolution, which actually refutes itself, is that ecological adaptations occur too fast for mutations to compete with them as a source of anything but diseases and disorders.

Ecological adaptations are food energy-dependent and biophysically constrained in the context of biologically based chromosomal inheritance via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. There is only one model for that.
It’s my model:
Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
See for comparison: Interactome analysis reveals ZNF804A, a schizophrenia risk gene, as a novel component of protein translational machinery critical for embryonic neurodevelopment
Reported as: Gene associated with schizophrenia risk regulates neurodevelopment

A gene associated with the risk of schizophrenia regulates critical components of early brain development, according to a new study led by researchers from Penn State University. The gene is involved in the translation of proteins from RNA and in the proliferation and migration of neurons in the brain.

Gene regulation is energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. That fact is twisted into this misrepresentation: “The gene is involved in the translation of proteins from RNA and in the proliferation and migration of neurons in the brain.”

What they claim, in the most twisted way possible, is that the energy-dependent RNA-mediated translation of proteins must be linked to ecological adaptations via the proliferation and migration of neurons in the brain.

"Evolution of Man. - Undoubtedly there once lived upon the earth races of men who were much lower in their mental organization than the present inhabitants.

Science vs Secularism: Molecular Mechanisms or Math?

Summary: An example from ancient knowledge of trigonometry links pattern recognition as the basis for the science of creationism, and pattern recognition also is the basis for molecular biology.
What form of virus-driven pathology would you most like to see eliminated from future consideration by serious scientists who know how energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs? In any case, a PubMed search for microRNA and your disease of choice will be enlightening. See for example: microRNA + Alzheimer’s or microRNA + fragile X syndrome; Parkinson’s disease; diabetes; cancer; malaria; and/or other human diseases
See:  Are scientists who speak out against religion hurting science? for discussion of Why religion is not going away and science will not destroy it

…science needs all the friends it can get. Its advocates would be well advised to stop fabricating an enemy out of religion, or insisting that the only path to a secure future lies in a marriage of science and secularism.

Serious scientists have met the enemies of science. One of them is the author of Quantum common sense

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

More than 64,000 indexed publications on the PubMed site attest to the fact that the energy-dependent de novo creation of plant microRNAs is linked to all healthy longevity via the food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans. Experimentally established facts about the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA are linked to all pathology via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance.

See: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

What form of virus-driven pathology would you most like to see eliminated from future consideration by serious scientists who know how energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs? In any case, a PubMed search for microRNA and your disease of choice will be enlightening. See for example: microRNA + Alzheimer’s or microRNA + fragile X syndrome; Parkinson’s disease; diabetes; cancer; malaria; and/or other human diseases
Role of miRNAs in development and disease: Lessons learnt from small organisms

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small (18-22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and many other small organisms have been instrumental in deciphering the biological functions of miRNAs. While some miRNAs from small organisms are highly conserved across the taxa, others are organism specific. The miRNAs are known to play a crucial role during development and in various cellular functions such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The miRNAs associated with fragile X syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, cancer, malaria, infectious diseases and several other human diseases have been identified from small organisms. These organisms have been used as platforms in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of human diseases and to study miRNA biogenesis. Small organisms have also been used in the development of miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. The molecular techniques such as genome sequencing, northern blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR, have been used in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in small organisms. How miRNAs from small organisms especially those from Drosophila and C. elegans regulate development and disease pathogenesis is the focus of this review. The outstanding questions raised by our current understanding are discussed.

See for comparison: Quantum Theory Rebuilt From Simple Physical Principles by Philip Ball

“What is needed is new mathematics that will render these notions scientific,” he said. Then, perhaps, we’ll understand what we’ve been arguing about for so long.”

I do not believe that new mathematics will end the arguments, and I do not believe anything Philip Ball claims. Does any intelligent person on Earth believe this claim? “We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking”

For a historical perspective on the nonsense touted by theorists and so-called science journalists, like Philip Ball, see:

Secularism: This ancient Babylonian tablet may contain the first evidence of trigonometry

He and Wildberger concluded that the Babylonians expressed trigonometry in terms of exact ratios of the lengths of the sides of right triangles, rather than by angles, using their base 60 form of mathematics, they report today in Historia Mathematica. “This is a whole different way of looking at trigonometry,” Mansfield says. “We prefer sines and cosines … but we have to really get outside our own culture to see from their perspective to be able to understand it.”

When have serious scientists not gone outside our own culture to understand how the history of human behavioral development has been misrepresented by so-called experts.

See: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome

The findings confirm their earlier work suggesting that the majority of variants, including potentially harmful ones, were picked up during the past 5,000–10,000 years.

Simply put, the harmful variants probably contribute to our relative lack of intelligence compared to the intelligence of our ancestors, unless you think that a single-celled organism is one of your ancestors. Obviously, however, even if that is the case, you are somewhat more intelligent that pond scum. But, let me apologize in advance for referring to you as a “biologically uninformed science idiot” — in the context of the definition of “idiot” as someone with no professional expertise. Apologists might use the term “fool” in the context of this passage from the Holy Bible:

Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die:”

Feynman used the term “human idiocy” in the context of representations made by theoretical physicists:

Prepare yourself to experience more insults from experts who have, during the past 5-10,000 years confirmed the links from energy to physics, chemistry, and molecular biology in the context of food energy and the biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.

Apologetics:Indiana Banks and the Tablet of Trig

This story attracted my attention because it is yet more evidence against the Darwinian narrative of human history, which holds that we evolved from apes and have been steadily gaining in technology and science ever since. The reality is very different. The evidence often points to initial brilliance followed by decline, the pattern that creationists would expect. In this instance, extremely ancient people pioneered a form of trigonometry that is more exact than the form used by later Mesopotamian nations and by the Greeks, Romans, and later Western Civilization.

Pattern recognition is the basis for the science of creationism and pattern recognition is the basis for molecular biology.

See also: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

In their concluding paragraph, the authors link irreverent representations of the space-time continuum (Hawking, 1988) to our visual perception of mass and energy. With no vague representations of untested theories, they suggest that neural energy represents multisensory input at subsecond scales.

If what they suggest is true, their published work is an unprecedented refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense and an unparalleled refutation of “Big Bang” cosmology. Simply put, they concurrently link the creation of energy to the energy-dependent creation of the sense of smell in bacteria. The sense of smell is linked to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera via representations that link neural energy from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA.

For example, the sense of smell in bacteria is linked to the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum.

See:Evolutionary Rewiring

Strong selective pressure can lead to rapid and reproducible evolution in bacteria.

Natural selection for food energy-dependent codon optimality was linked to the ability of P. fluorescens to find food, which was linked to their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction by everything known about quorum sensing. But wait, that fact defies attempts to put the refutation of all theories into the context of something as simple-minded as this claim:

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

For more information on the mutation-driven “dumbing down” of you and your ancestors play the game “Cytosis” when it becomes available later this month and watch for more information on the game “Subatomic.” It is less difficult now than it ever has been to link energy-dependent changes from atoms to ecosystems by what is known to serious scientists. But first, you may need to dismiss the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by theorists.

See also: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man.

See also: Protecting 4 billion people from virus-driven entropy September 8, 2016
See also: Recurrence-Based Information Processing in Gene Regulatory Networks

We also show that the readout layer can learn to decode the information stored in the reservoir via standard evolutionary strategies. Our work thus suggests that recurrent dynamics is a key element for the processing of complex time-dependent information by cells.

What evolutionary strategies led to the recurrent dynamics of time-dependent information processing and the use of trigonometry ~5000 years ago?
Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing

It seems that bacteria have some sort of collective memory by which they keep track of how they handled their previous encounters with antibiotics. They know how to collectively glean information from the environment, “talk” with each other, distribute tasks, generate collective memory, and turn their colony into a “cybernetic system”—a massive “brain” that can perform natural distributed information processing, learn from past experience, and possibly alter the genome organization or even create new genes to better cope with novel challenges.8–13,17,18

Physiology is rocking the foundations of evolutionary biology

Perhaps the elegant mathematics and the extraordinary reputation of the scientists involved blinded us to what now seems obvious: the organism should never have been relegated to the role of mere carrier of its genes.

 
 
 

A rendering of how changes in an electron's motion (bottom view) alter the scattering of light (top view), as measured in a new experiment that scattered more than 500 photons of light from a single electron. Previous experiments had managed to scatter no more than a few photons at a time. Credit: Extreme Light Laboratory|University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Energy-dependent physical and biophysical constraints (10)

Summary: The entire evolution of the microbial world and the virus world, and the interaction between microbes and viruses and other life forms have been left out of the Modern Synthesis…— Eugene Koonin
My comment: Viruses are not life forms. They steal the quantized energy that links sunlight to viral latency in the context of everything known to all serious scientists about the fact that Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction
See for comparison: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception Energy as information links the sense of smell in bacteria to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space-time continuum and food odors that link the physiology of reproduction in bacteria to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and biophysically constrained viral latency in all living genera.
—————————————————————

Energy-dependent physical and biophysical constraints (9)

2010 A single amino acid substitution confers enhanced methylation activity of mammalian Dnmt3b on chromatin DNA

…the I662N substitution in mammalian Dnmt3b conferred enhanced chromatin DNA methylation activity and contributed to functional adaptation in the epigenetic system.

Energy-dependent amino acid substitutions link what organisms eat to their pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and chromosomal rearrangements that have been linked to all biodiversity via the sense of smell in bacteria and quorum sensing.
2013 Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model

CONCLUSION:

An environmental drive evolved from that of nutrient ingestion in unicellular organisms to that of pheromone-controlled socialization in insects. In mammals, food odors and pheromones cause changes in hormones such as LH, which has developmental affects on pheromone-controlled sexual behavior in nutrient-dependent reproductively fit individuals across species of vertebrates.

2013 The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.
2017 Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention

There are at least four sources of R mutations in normal cells: quantum effects on base pairing (30), mistakes made by polymerases (31), hydrolytic deamination of bases (32), and damage by endogenously produced reactive oxygen species or other metabolites (33).

2015 Visualizing transient Watson-Crick-like mispairs in DNA and RNA duplexes

…their covalently bonded 13C/15N nuclei were assigned using heteronuclear single/multiple quantum coherence correlation experiments (HSQC or HMQC).

2017 Nature does not rely on long-lived electronic quantum coherence for photosynthetic energy transfer

…/the observed extremely fast decoherence should be viewed as general, bringing to question any significant quantum coherent transport contributions to photosynthesis.

2017 Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition
My summary: Two researches in NATURE denied the role that microRNAs play epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumors and their denial of everything known about food energy-dependent biophysically constrained pheromone-contolled biodiversity is discussed in this review. See for comparison the section on Regulation of miRNA on EMT in tumors
The role of miRNA/ZEB in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, in breast cancer, in lung cancer, in pancreatic cancer and in bladder cancer was anticipated in reports by serious scientists such as the late Eshel Ben-Jacob. See: MicroRNA-based regulation of epithelial–hybrid–mesenchymal fate determination, which was reported as:

They found that there is a molecular “on” and “off” switch that cancer cells use to determine their fate. Evidently, there is an on or off state for metastasis (migration), but also a third possibility, according to this recently-discovered molecular data.

The researchers discovered that there was an intermediate function, which is termed a “ternary,” or three-way switch. This function relates to the fact that ZEB has the ability to turn itself on due to a positive feedback system. This allows a cell to keep intermediate levels of all four proteins required for the switch. Ben-Jacob notes that the hybrid, or partially on-off state, also supports cancer metastasis by enabling collective cell migration and by imparting stem-cell properties that help migrating cancer cells evade the immune system and anticancer therapies.

See also: Stability of the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype

Our results suggest that partial EMT, i.e. a hybrid E/M phenotype, need not be ‘metastable’, and strengthen the emerging notion that partial EMT, but not necessarily a complete EMT, is associated with aggressive tumor progression.

The food energy-dependent stability of the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype has been linked from photosynthesis to the creation of energy-dependent microRNAs in plants and in animals via what has been known to all serious scientists about the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in bacteria.
See:
2003 Bacterial self-organization: co-enhancement of complexification and adaptability in a dynamic environment
2006 Seeking the foundations of cognition in bacteria: From Schrödinger’s negative entropy to latent information
2009 Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing with my emphasis

Focusing on the energy, matter, and thermodynamic imbalances provided by the environment, Schrodinger proposed that life required the consumption of negative entropy, that is, the use of thermodynamic imbalances in the environment. From the perspective of thermodynamics, each bacterium can be viewed as a complex system that is composed of an “engine” that uses imbalances in the environment to do work, and a “machine” that uses this energy (to act against the natural course of entropy increase) for the synthesis of organic substances.13 A third information-processing system is also needed for the coordination and synchronization of the functioning of the engine and the machine. Namely, a living cell is analogous to a complex man-made cybernetic system, or a “chimera,” composed of information processing systems and of at least two thermodynamic elements. In addition, using the outer membrane, cells sense the environment.

We proposed that, besides “negative entropy,” organisms sense the environment to extract latent embedded information.13 By latent information we refer to data embedded in the environment that, once processed cognitively, initiates change in the organism’s function or behavior. Information induces changes; hence it can be used to generate an internal condensed description (model or usable information) of the environment, which guides the organism’s functioning.

Conclusion: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception Energy as information links the sense of smell in bacteria to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space-time continuum and food odors that link the physiology of reproduction in bacteria to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera.
See for comparison (Koonin is a co-author): On the Origin of Reverse Transcriptase-Using CRISPR-Cas Systems and Their Hyperdiverse, Enigmatic Spacer Repertoires
…another cause of the lack of detectable protospacers is likely to be the existence of a virtually untapped pool of mobile genetic elements that, at any given time, are not represented in a given environment (10). This paucity of spacer matches is conceivably explained by the vastness and diversity of viromes…
Biologically uninformed evolutionary theorists have failed to link the anti-entropic virucidal energy of the sun to all biodiversity and failed to link the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance. The release of the game “Cytosis” in September (2017) will make all theorists appear to be among the biologically uninformed science idiots who invented ridiculous theories in attempts to explain away Darwin’s “conditions of life.”
See: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game 
A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!
See also the comments on: Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention
For example:  2017 Jul 28 06:45 a.m. (research profile) challenges the “bad luck” theory of cancer.

Cancer etiology: assumptions lead to erroneous conclusion

The authors claim that cancer is caused and driven by mutations, and that two-thirds of the mutations required for cancer are caused by unavoidable errors arising during DNA replication. The first claim is based on the somatic mutation theory. The second claim is based on a highly positive correlation between the lifetime number of stem cell divisions in a tissue and the risk of cancer in that tissue, and on their method for estimating the proportion of mutations that result from heredity (H mutations), environmental factors (E mutations) and unavoidable errors arising during DNA replication (R mutations). These claims raise several questions:

1. Sequencing studies have found zero mutations in the genes of a variable proportion of different cancer types (see, e.g., https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju405 and references therein). If cancer is caused by mutations in driver genes, could the authors explain what causes these cancers with zero mutations? Could the authors use their method for estimating the proportion of cancer risk that is preventable and unpreventable in people with tumors lacking driver gene mutations?

2. Environmental factors are known to affect stem cell division rates. According to IARC, drinking very hot beverages probably causes esophageal cancer (Group 2A). If you drink something hot enough to severely damage the cells lining the esophagus, the stem cells located in deeper layers have to divide to produce new cells to replace the damaged cells. These stem cell divisions, triggered by an environmental factor, will lead to mutations arising during DNA replication. However, these mutations are avoidable if you do not drink very hot beverages. Should these mutations be counted as environmental mutations (H mutations) or as unavoidable mutations arising during DNA replication (R mutations)?

3. The authors’ work is based on the somatic mutation theory. This theory is primarily supported by the idea that cancer incidence increases exponentially with age. Since our cells are known to accumulate mutations throughout life, the accumulation of driver gene mutations in our cells would perfectly explain why the risk of cancer increases until death. However, it is now well established that cancer incidence does not increase exponentially with age for some cancers (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, testicular cancer, cervical cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, thyroid cancer, bone cancer, etc). It is also well known that cancer incidence decreases late in life for many cancer types (lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc). For example, according to SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2014, men in their 80s have approximately half the risk of developing prostate cancer than men in their 70s. The somatic mutation theory, which is the basis for this article, does not explain why the lifetime accumulation of driver gene mutations in the cells of many tissues is not translated into an increase in cancer incidence throughout life. Are the authors’ conclusions applicable to all cancers or only to those few cancers in which incidence increases exponentially with age until death?

4. The authors estimate that 23% of the mutations required for the development of pancreatic cancer are associated with environmental and hereditary factors; the rest (77%) are mutations arising during DNA replication. However, Notta et al. recently found that 65.4% of pancreatic tumors develop catastrophic mitotic events that lead to mutations associated with massive genomic rearrangements (https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19823). In other words, Notta et al. demonstrate that cell division not only leads to mutations arising during DNA replication, but also to mutations arising during mitosis. For this cancer type, the authors could introduce a fourth source of mutations, and estimate the proportion of mutations arising during mitosis (M mutations) and re-estimate those arising during DNA replication (R mutations). Alternatively, they could reanalyze their raw data without assuming that the parameters “stem cell divisions” and ”DNA replication mutations” are interchangeable. Cell division, process by which a cell copies and separates its cellular components to finally split into two cells, can lead to mutations occurring during DNA replication, but also to other cancer-promoting errors, such as chromosome aberrations arising during mitosis, errors in the distribution of cell-fate determinants between the daughter cells, and failures to restore physical interactions with other tissue components. Would the authors’ conclusions stand without assuming that the parameters “stem cell divisions” and ”DNA replication mutations” are interchangeable?

5. The authors report a striking correlation between the number of stem cell divisions in a tissue and the risk of cancer in that tissue. They do not report any correlation between the number of mutations in a tissue and the risk of cancer in that tissue; in fact, these parameters are not correlated (see. e.g., https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19768). In addition, the authors discuss that most of the mutations required for cancer are a consequence, not a cause, of the division of stem cells. So, why do the authors use their correlation to say that cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in driver genes instead of saying that cancer is caused by the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells?

For references and additional information see: Comment on ‘Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention’ DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28889.21602 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318744904; also https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201707.0074/v1/download

See also: Miguel Lopez-Lazaro
My comment: Like him, others from a new generation of researchers, will no longer tolerate the pseudoscienitfic nonsense touted by evolutionary theorists and “Big Bang” cosmologists who know nothing about natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality, which links the physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency.