Use of definitions in attempts to explain any aspect of species-specific biophysically constrained cell type differentiation and aging has been replaced by the use of model systems of biological processes. Biological processes can be compared to so-called “evolutionary processes” to show that only biological processes need to be considered in the context of Darwin’s “conditions of life” or answers to the the question What is Life? Schrödinger (1944).
K. L. Mettinger et al. (eds.), Exosomes, Stem Cells and MicroRNA, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1056, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_6
This volume provides insight into the pivotal roles of stem cells, exosomes and other microvesicles in biofunction and molecular mechanisms and their therapeutic potential in translational nanomedicine. It further highlights evidence from recent studies as to how stem cell derived exosomes and microRNAs may restore and maintain tissue homeostasis, enable cells to recover critical cellular functions and begin repair regeneration.
involved in many biological processes such as developmental timing, differentiation, cell death, stem cell proliferation and differentiation, immune response, aging and cancer. Accumulating studies in recent years suggest that miRNAs play crucial roles in stem cell division and differentiation. In the present chapter, we present a brief overview of these studies and discuss their contributions toward our understanding of the importance of miRNAs in normal and aged stem cell function in various model systems.
…like hormones, miRNAs can be secreted and regulate gene expression in recipient cells. Altered expression levels of miRNAs in cancer cells determine the acquisition of fundamental biological capabilities (hallmarks of cancer) responsible for the development and progression of the disease.
…50 years after its introduction by Kimura. We argue that the neutral theory was supported by unreliable theoretical and empirical evidence from the beginning, and that in light of modern, genome-scale data, we can firmly reject its universality. The ubiquity of adaptive variation both within and between species means that a more comprehensive theory of molecular evolution must be sought.
The ubiquity of adaptive variation attests to the facts about how the creation of quantized energy is linked to biophysically constrained viral latency. Adaptive variation links energy-dependent changes from angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera via the physiology of their food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction.
The energy-dependent molecular mechanisms of recombination clearly link microRNA biogenesis to the stability of organized genomes during the life histories of all genera. Serious scientists object to the use of definitions in attempts to explain any aspect of species-specific biophysically constrained cell type differentiation.
…it is tiresome to raise the same objections repeatedly, wondering why researchers have not fulfilled some of the basic requirements for establishing the occurrence of an autophagic process.
Summary:
The virus-driven theft of quantized energy creates a cellular environment that promotes the survival and self-proliferation of viruses by encoding viral miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules. The viral miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules target different types of host cells.
The sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of global control of human ES cell differentiation via circRNAs derived from lncRNAs. That fact refutes all neo-Darwinian gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense. That fact also attests to the link from Chinese philosophy to scientific creationism in South Korea. Scientific creationism appears to have defeated communism in the context of the electron cloud superimposed over the yin yang symbol of constrained energy.
For scientific support of the claims that appear to have defeated communism, see: Analysis of human ES cell differentiation establishes that the dominant isoforms of the lncRNAs RMST and FIRRE are circular
Surprisingly, circRNAs derived from long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to account for a significantly larger proportion of transcripts from their loci of origin than circRNAs from coding genes.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that during human ES cell differentiation, changes in circRNA levels are primarily globally controlled.
Global control of human ES cell differentiation via circRNAs derived from lncRNAs refutes neo-Darwinian gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense. The level of control comes as no surprise to serious scientists who start with the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and link the energy to the RNA-mediated creation from genome assembly to the creation of all cell types.
The global control-based refutation is merely one more example of pattern recognition.
We suggest that simultaneously considering all three invariant patterns may lead to better Hi-C-based genome assembly methods.
Schrödinger suggested that genome assembly was energy-dependent in What is Life? (1944)
Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)
Examining virus-host cell interaction is important for elucidating mechanisms of virus proliferation in host cells. Viruses can create an environment that promotes their survival and self-proliferation by encoding miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules that target various host cell.
…fine-tuning of the base-pair stability at the cleavage site is essential for efficient processing of pri-miR156a at a low temperature and for reduced flowering sensitivity to ambient temperature changes.
…17-24 amino acid changes, specifically A87T, D96N, S213D, and S242N substitutions in G2 epitopes, were observed. These results suggest that multiple interspecies re-assortment events might have contributed to the emergence of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination era in South Korea.
Several amino acid mutations were identified in PB2, PB1, PA, BM2, and/or NS1 protein coding regions, and one concurrent lysine (K)-to-arginine (R) mutation in PA residue 338 (PA K338R) was found in both maVc_BR60 and maYm_WI01 viruses. When analyzed using reverse-genetically rescued viruses, it was shown that PA K338R alone could increase the pathogenicity of both IBVs in mice and viral replication property in the respiratory tracts of ferrets.
The energy-dependent fine-tuning of the base-pair stability in plants prevents the emergence of rotaviruses via multiple interspecies re-assortment events linked to healthy longevity in post-vaccination era South Korea.
A team of researchers at Peking University has developed a new type of vaccine that they claim may allow for a new approach to generating live virus vaccines which could conceivably be adapted to any type of virus. In their paper published in the journal Science, the team outlines the means by which they modified an influenza virus causing it to incite an immune response without a risk of infection.
Scientific creationists in South Korea have showed that the Chinese cannot protect themselves from a viral apocalypse via vaccinations. The viruses adapt too quickly.
Knowing that also allows the scientific creationists to create a virus that damages the DNA of specific human populations who are less well-adapted to their food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niches.
Would you threaten nuclear war after you learn that the population of your country could be decimated by a genetically engineered virus produced in a neighboring country. Or, would you denuclearize and de-escalate the tensions as soon as you learned that all niche construction is food energy-dependent and that the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction biophysically constrains viral latency.
That fact cannot be placed back into the context of atheism or communism. It is a neo-Darwinian theory killer and is the most likely reason for denuclearization in a reasonable world.
The hypothesis is this is caused by both ‘seed and soil’ – that the cancer cells have something in them that drive them to a particular organ, and the soil has to be right for them to grow. Most of the focus has been on studying the cancer cell, or the seed, and not as closely looking at the soil, which is the organs that they go to. Our models will help us understand to better understand the conditions of the soil that help promote cancer metastasis.
The use of Schrödinger’s sunlight-to-soil metaphor of degraded organic matter and biophysically constrained viral latency is not likely to be a coincidence. It also appears in the context of the energy-dependent weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum and in the context of the weekend Resurrection of Christ.
Scientific creationism in South Korea supposedly began with the support of the US government in their attempt to fight against communism and atheism. Pseudoscientists have not linked energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency to all healthy longevity in the context of Communism and atheism.
For comparison, all serious scientists who understand the role that the creation of energy plays in the creation of supercoiled DNA have won the war against communism by combating evolution to fight disease.
All disease has been linked to the virus-driven energy theft that causes the degradation of messenger RNA, which has been linked to all pathology.
The energy-dependent creation of microRNAs has been linked from the creation of the innate immune system to all biophysically constrained behaviors via what is known about how the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction must be linked from soil bacteria to the growth of seeds and all food energy-dependent life on Earth.
All serious scientists learned about Schrödinger’s claims in “What is Life?” (1944). All serious scientists have since linked the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to “negentropy” and healthy longevity.
Duane Gish never published anything that is indexed on the PubMed database. If you claim that he or anyone else like him, including Henry M. Morris (1918–2006) is a bonafide scientist, please try to support your ridiculous claims in the context of the historical record of more than 72,000 published works that mention “microRNA.”
If you do not start with the creation of microRNAs (microRNA biogenesis), do not try to explain how natural selection for beneficial mutations links evolution to biodiversity. All serious scientists will make fun of you.
See:
Some will continue to use you as an example of human idiocy.
“In natural selection, or ‘survival of the fittest’, characteristics that improve survival are more likely to be passed on to the next generation,” Professor Yang said.
“The opposite also occurs, when DNA mutations with a detrimental effect on fitness are less likely to be passed on, by a process called negative selection.
Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the SFTSV from the patient and the tick was identical. The patient gradually recovered with treatments of corticosteroids and immunoglobulin.
CONCLUSION:
These findings provide further evidence of SFTS viral transmission from H. longicornis to human.
Researchers in South Korea may already know how to protect human populations from the transmission of viruses, which has been linked from the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathology to the viral hecatomb in the deep sea.
See also: virus south korea
After the USA fought two land-wars in Asia, the uselessness of vaccine in South Korea and the senseless loss of life has been linked from the “creationist capital of the world” to denuclearization via seemingly futile cycles of protein biosynthesis and the virus-driven driven degradation of messenger RNA.
The facts about energy-dependent RNA-mediated DNA repair extend across species in the context of hearing loss and all other pathology via the cell biology game “Cytosis” for ages 10+
Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!
If you wish to pit the claims about evolved instincts against my claims about microRNA biogenesis and biophysically constrained viral latency against the the claims of serious scientists from South Korea, start by explaining how Duane Gish linked the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to all biodiversity.
All serious scientists learned about Schrödinger’s claims in “What is Life?” (1944). All serious scientists have since linked the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to “negentropy” and healthy longevity.
Duane Gish never published anything that is indexed on the PubMed database. If you claim that he or anyone else like him, including Henry M. Morris (1918–2006) is a bonafide scientist, please try to support your ridiculous claims in the context of the historical record of more than 72,000 published works that mention “microRNA.”
If you do not start with the creation of microRNAs (microRNA biogenesis), do not try to explain how natural selection for beneficial mutations links evolution to biodiversity. All serious scientists will make fun of you.
See:
Some will continue to use you as an example of human idiocy.
“In natural selection, or ‘survival of the fittest’, characteristics that improve survival are more likely to be passed on to the next generation,” Professor Yang said.
“The opposite also occurs, when DNA mutations with a detrimental effect on fitness are less likely to be passed on, by a process called negative selection.
Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the SFTSV from the patient and the tick was identical. The patient gradually recovered with treatments of corticosteroids and immunoglobulin.
CONCLUSION:
These findings provide further evidence of SFTS viral transmission from H. longicornis to human.
Researchers in South Korea may already know how to protect human populations from the transmission of viruses, which has been linked from the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathology to the viral hecatomb in the deep sea.
See also: virus south korea
After the USA fought two land-wars in Asia, the uselessness of vaccine in South Korea and the senseless loss of life has been linked from the “creationist capital of the world” to denuclearization via seemingly futile cycles of protein biosynthesis and the virus-driven driven degradation of messenger RNA.
The facts about energy-dependent RNA-mediated DNA repair extend across species in the context of hearing loss and all other pathology via the cell biology game “Cytosis” for ages 10+
Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!
Indeed, the role of quantized energy as information in information-dependent naturally occurring RNA interference may soon be linked to denuclearization in North Korea (and everywhere else) by the factual representations of researchers from the Republic of South Korea.
Compared to the G2 RotaTeq vaccine strain, 17-24 amino acid changes, specifically A87T, D96N, S213D, and S242N substitutions in G2 epitopes, were observed. These results suggest that multiple interspecies re-assortment events might have contributed to the emergence of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination era in South Korea.
If researchers in the so-called “creationist capital of the world” decide to genetically engineer a virus and wipe out the less-well ecologically adapted population of modern humans in North Korea, there would be virtually no loss of physical resources. The population of Seoul would benefit most by expanding into more rural areas.
Although this could lead to the futility of another land-war in Asia, it has become clear that everything ends badly. If that was not true, nothing would end. The current threat to anything that might otherwise be considered eternally significant was predicted in the science fiction novel “Quantico” by Greg Bear. It’s not funny any more, but see: Jon Stewart interviews Greg Bear
See also: Substitutions Near the Receptor Binding Site Determine Major Antigenic Change During Influenza Virus Evolution (2013) This author’s comment was recently removed:
The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.
But see the editor’s summary: Koel et al. (p. 976) show that major antigenic change can be caused by single amino acid substitutions.
The energy-dependent fixation of single amino acid substitutions in viruses has since been linked to all pathology in all living genera via the failure of virus-infected cell types to repair their damaged supercoiled DNA. The late Timothy J. Cunningham knew that as well as anyone. Sadly, he vanished without a trace and was found dead a river near his home several weeks later.
Since then, I was asked to comment on the eternal significance of the Vietnam Memorial Wall. I did not yet mention that thermal cycles have been linked to cracks in the Vietnam Memorial Wall because the article was about the American Veterans Traveling Tribute’s Wall.
I wrote:
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall (The Wall) was built with private contributions from the American people. It stands as a symbol of America’s honor, and to recognize the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. The Wall was designed by the daughter of Chinese intellectuals who fled their homeland before the 1949 Communist takeover. She lives in Athens, Ohio.
The Wall is made up of two panels 246 feet 9 inches long. At it’s highest point the wall is over 10 feet tall. The names of more than 58,000 men and women who gave their lives or remain missing are inscribed on the black granite walls. Names are added when more remains are found.
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall stirs emotion. It can even be somewhat overwhelming to visit. When people looks into the polished volcanic rock of the wall, it reportedly “looks back:” It envelops its visitors in the names of those who lost their lives in a war which lasted nearly two decades.
For the hundreds of thousands of Vietnam veterans who are still alive, it is a place of eternal significance.
The Traveling Vietnam Veterans wall is a 80% sized replica of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall in Washington, D.C.
Whether or not you have visited The Wall in Washington, D.C. and/or visited other places of ‘eternal significance,’ you may want to take advantage of the opportunity to see the American Veterans Traveling Tribute’s Traveling Vietnam Wall from May 16-20, 2018 at the Lions Club Fairgrounds 1729 S. Main Street, Ellijay, Georgia 30540.
American Legion Post 82 and the Ellijay Lions Club are the sponsors. American Legion Post 82 will have guides, counselors, and security 24 hrs a day and a computer list to locate where the veterans names are inscribed.
There is no cost to see The Traveling Vietnam Veterans wall. Pencil rubbing of the names can be made just as it can be with the Wall in D.C.
Donations to the American Legion Post 82 Ellijay will be used to help our Veterans and our community.
Biologically uninformed theorists do not understand how researchers in the “creationist capital of the world” have linked the Laws of Thermodynamics to biophysically constrained viral latency. Virus-driven constraint-breaking mutations or nuclear war will almost undoubtedly lead to the death of us all.
Who do you think might save you in a “worst case” scenario? If not for the American Legion, you probably would not have been warned.
The anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight on contact with water has been linked from the creation of ATP synthase to the creation of ATP and to the creation of RNA. Energy-dependent RNA-mediated DNA repair has been linked to biophysically constrained viral latency via the creation of microRNAs and feedback loops linked to the food energy-dependent microRNA-mediated physiology of reproduction. The physiology of energy-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of the creation of the innate immune system and autophagy.
See: miRNA regulation of innate immunity (4/14/18)
None of the facts about the energy-dependent creation of the microRNAs or the microRNA-mediated regulation of innate immunity are included in: The Transcription Factor Runx3 Establishes Chromatin Accessibility of cis-Regulatory Landscapes that Drive Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Formation (4/17/18)
The regulatory landscape that drive memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte formation might just as well be framed in the context of magic or in the equally ridiculous context of gene-centric theories.
See this report: Your immune system holds the line against repeat invaders, thanks to this molecule
Runx3’s control of T cell differentiation is important because when our bodies fight off viruses and cancers—and our T cells burst into action—the vast majority tend to become effector cells. These effector cells are short-lived and do not persist once the infection resolves.
The control of all cell type differentiation is energy-dependent, RNA-mediated and biophysically constrained by the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. The cell biology game “Cytosis” for ages 10+ teaches the facts that link Schrödinger (1944) What is Life? to Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
In 1944, Schrödinger wrote:
Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)
See for comparison (this gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense): – Part I: FINDING THE CODE (Run time: 12:10) The race to sequence the human genome was also billed as a race to end disease. What happened?
– Part II: FIXING THE CODE (Run time: 13:07) CRISPR — and the promise and pain of gene therapy that came before it.
– Part III: SELLING THE CODE (Run time: 10:55) Genetic testing has moved out of the labs into the masses. But even with your genome in hand, what can you believe?
The gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense does not start with the creation of energy. But every aspect of biophysically constrained life on Earth starts with the quantized energy-dependent creation of microRNAs. The epigenetically effected energy-dependent microRNA-mediated creation of the “Code” and the microRNA-mediated fixing of the “Code” is missing from the claims of biologically uninformed theorists who link beneficial mutations from natural selection to evolution. They have sold their gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense to many people.
For example, some gene-centric biologically uninformed theorists share beliefs about abiogenesis for comparison to quantized energy-dependent microRNA biogenesis in articles like this: DNA Denaturing through UV-C Photon Dissipation: A Possible Route to Archean Non-enzymatic Replication
Conclusion:
Many of the fundamental molecules of life, those common to all three domains; bacteria, eukaryote, and archea, including RNA and DNA, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, cofactors, and protoporphyrins, absorb photons in the UV-C 1. RNA or DNA in complexes with these molecules act as acceptor quenchers, providing the electronically excited pigment donor molecule with an extremely rapid (sub picosecond) non-radiative dexcitation channel, through internal conversion into vibrational energy of the nucleic acid and surrounding water molecules2.
See John Hewitt’s comment: You have just described the founding principle and thermodynamic function of life
In a classic example of human idiocy (See Feynman: food energy), biologically uninformed science idiots linked the dissipation of quantized energy to the origin of life via abiogenesis. The creation of biophysically constrained biophotonicaly based life in the context of the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs was reported in the context of photon dissipation and entropy as: Abiogenesis: A Theory on The Origins of Life
By now, we all know how evolution works. At least, most of us have a basic understanding of how it functions. At its most fundamental level, evolution is change over time. More specifically, it is changes within a biological population over successive generations.
Ultimately, biological complexity is one of the most important things to come out of evolution. Things started simple. Then genes mutated, cells interacted with their environment, mitochondria stopped being living organisms and started being part of a cell and—Tada—complex life.
A conflict arose between John Hewitt’s accurate representations of biophysically constrained life in The vibrational theory of olfaction for the win and few months ago, Hewitt blocked me from seeing his tweets.
The same kinds of amino acid substitutions that control the separations and interactions of side chains in fluorescent proteins also play an essential role in tuning the proposed mechanism for vibration detection—inelastic electron tunneling. Life literally runs on electron tunneling through the respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria. These proteins employ complicated mechanisms including esoteric-soundings things like electron bifurcation and confurcation to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. When mitochondria go dark, cells can often continue to run for a short while, but it is only in the dim glow of the battery backup metabolism.
Here are some links to the reason for the conflict. Simply put, John Hewitt put everything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent microRNA biogenesis back into the context of abiogenesis.
2005 MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing
2015 Dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis and gene silencing in cancer
2015 RNA-mediated degradation of microRNAs: A widespread viral strategy?
Claims about abiogenesis exemplify what Richard Feynman referred to as human idiocy. So does John Hewitt and anyone else who believes in Michaelian’s pseudoscientific nonsense. See other examples of Michaelian’s pseudoscientific nonsense and human idiocy by clicking here.
The energy-dependent creation of one domain of life links the physiology of reproduction in bacteria to biophysically constrained viral latency. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA is linked to the destruction of all life on Earth.
The degradation of messenger RNA links mutations to the creation of archaea and L-forms via entropy, which clearly links the weakening of the proton motive force to the elimination of the cell wall in L-forms (the last remnants of creation).
See also: Past 5,000 years prolific for changes to human genome
If you cannot link the miRNA regulation of innate immunity to all extant biodiversity via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and fixation of energy-dependent microRNA-mediated amino acid substitutions, thank a biologically uniformed science idiot.
Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.
This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution.
The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.
The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion.
This notice just appeared in my email inbox with the new title from Aeon: Weekend Reads: Quantum biology and what life wants.
See for comparison: What life wants (2012)
…given that this sense of purposefulness is how we identify life in the first place, perhaps we should resist conclusions that seem to wave it away too easily.
I don’t pretend to have answers to any of these questions. On the other hand, the speed of progress in fields that cross the boundaries between natural sciences – not least quantum biology – makes me optimistic that we will get some, sooner or later.
Aeon magazine continues to attempt to obfuscate their history of horrid misrepresentations exemplified in articles like this: Quantum common sense (2017)
To turn quantum to classical, we don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look; we just need an environment full of stuff. With or without us, the Universe is always looking.
See the sidebar:
“We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking”
The anti-entropic force of virucidal ultraviolet light links guanine–cytosine (G⋅C) Watson–Crick base pairing from hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to supercoiled DNA, which protects the organized genomes of all living genera from virus-driven entropy. For example, protection of DNA from permanent UV damage occurs in the context of photosynthesis and nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to DNA repair. In the context of thermodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation, DNA repair enables the de novo creation of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Olfactory receptor genes are GPCRs. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes links chemotaxis and phototaxis from foraging behavior to social behavior in species from microbes to humans. Foraging behavior links ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of this atoms to ecosystems model of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Protein folding chemistry links nutrient-dependent microRNAs from microRNA flanking sequences to energy transfer and cell type differentiation in the context of adhesion proteins, and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy.
…superorganisms may also exhibit such behaviour, suggesting that these laws arise from fundamental mechanisms of information processing and decision-making.
Among the insect olfactory receptors the odorant receptors (ORs) evolved in parallel to the onset of insect flight. A special property of this receptor type is the capability to adjust sensitivity of odor detection according to previous odor contacts. This article presents a current view on regulatory processes affecting the performance of ORs and proposes a model of mechanisms contributing to OR sensitization.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and its reverse – Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) – are hallmarks of cellular plasticity during embryonic development and cancer metastasis.
Cellular plasticity was linked from the energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in bacteria to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space-time continuum.
See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception (2017)
The behavioral gain produced by a congruent relative to an incongruent odor is accompanied by elevated neural oscillatory power around the object’s flicker frequency in the right temporal region ~150-300 ms after object onset, and is not mediated by visual awareness. In parallel, odors bias the subjective duration of visual objects without affecting one’s temporal sensitivity.
The anti-entropic force of virucidal ultraviolet light links guanine–cytosine (G⋅C) Watson–Crick base pairing from hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to supercoiled DNA, which protects the organized genomes of all living genera from virus-driven entropy. For example, protection of DNA from permanent UV damage occurs in the context of photosynthesis and nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to DNA repair. In the context of thermodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation, DNA repair enables the de novo creation of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Olfactory receptor genes are GPCRs. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes links chemotaxis and phototaxis from foraging behavior to social behavior in species from microbes to humans. Foraging behavior links ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of this atoms to ecosystems model of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Protein folding chemistry links nutrient-dependent microRNAs from microRNA flanking sequences to energy transfer and cell type differentiation in the context of adhesion proteins, and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy.
Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.
This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.
Webinar: Deciphering how bacteria utilize outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to communicate and infect
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are membrane vesicles secreted by bacteria that contain DNA, RNA, proteins and endotoxins. Bacteria respond to many environmental factors by secreting specifically-enriched OMVs, which makes these bacteria more fit for their environment. For example, OMVs may be enriched with invasion proteins at the host-pathogen interface. OMVs have recently gained attention as a novel mechanism for transmission of molecular information within bacteria as well as between bacteria and mammalian cells. Owing to their similarities to well-studied extracellular vesicles (EVs), OMVs are being utilized by researchers to study host-bacterial interactions in pathogenesis, cancer therapy, host immune response modulation, as well as bacterial OMV engineering for use as vaccines. This webinar will give an overview of recent studies on the role of OMVs in host-pathogen interactions and discuss their bioengineering potential as vehicles for cargo delivery. We will also introduce our new & revolutionary ExoBacteria™ OMV Isolation Kit, which will enable you to achieve faster, simpler & better OMV isolation.
Learn how OMVs are being utilized by researchers to study host-bacterial interactions in pathogenesis, cancer therapy, host immune response modulation, as well as bacterial OMV engineering for use as vaccines.
Conclusion: If you would like to learn how to link quantized energy-dependent changes in atoms to ecosystems in all living genera via the physiology of reproduction, join others age 10+ who will be playing this game in September 2018. Fly’s Blood-Brain Barrier Has Circadian Rhythms
“the anatomic characteristics of insect and vertebrate BBB structures are quite distinct.”
The molecular mechanisms are conserved.
My comment to The Scientist:
The levels of complexity have since been placed into the context of how energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance link atoms to ecosystems in all living genera via feedback loops.
When theorists fail to start with energy-dependent changes they are forced to use de Vries 1902 definition of mutation in attempts to link the virus-driven theft of quantized energy to evolution. Two forthcoming conferences will place that pseudoscientific nonsense into its proper perspective.
.. two-photon excitation with computer-generated holography (a way to precisely sculpt light in 3D) allow light to be focused tightly enough to hit one cell.
Production of ATP depends on the oxidation of energy-rich compounds to produce a chemical potential difference for hydrogen ions, the proton motive force (pmf), across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).
Researchers who have not linked differences in the energy of photons to the proton motive force are not likely to be among those who are presenting in September: Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology
See for comparison: Subatomic
Subatomic is a deck building game where players are competing to build a number of available Elements, which score them points. Each player starts with the same small deck of cards that consist of Proton, Neutron, and Electron Cards. They use these cards to build upon their current Atom (by playing these cards face-up as Subatomic Particles) in an attempt to construct one of the available Element Cards. Or players may use their hand of cards to purchase more powerful cards for later use (by playing them in combinations of face-down as energy and face-up as Subatomic Particles!) Subatomic introduces a unique variation on deck building with a highly accurate chemistry theme, with the ultimate goal of building Elements to score points, but allowing many varying types of strategies.
If you would like to learn how to link quantized energy-dependent changes in atoms to ecosystems in all living genera via the physiology of reproduction, join others age 10+ who will be playing this game in September 2018.
Researchers, like Shunsuke Suzuki, who cannot link photonic coupling from quantum physics to biophysically constrained atomic energy via classical physics and quantum chemistry prevent scientific progress, They are limited to asking questions that have already been answered by serious scientists.
…using nascent RNA capture sequencing, we identify 1145 temporally expressed S-phase-enriched lncRNAs. Among these, 570 lncRNAs show significant differential expression in at least one tumor type across TCGA data sets.
By turning down the activity of a specific RNA molecule researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden, have cured lung tumors in mice by 40-50 percent. The results, published in Nature Communications, represent the tip of the iceberg in an extensive research project in which 633 new biomarkers for 14 types of cancer have been identified.
…the fruit fly brain is wired to remember and crave sweeter, energy-rich foods. After smelling and consuming a meal, such as a glob of sugar, information about the food’s energy content is relayed via dopaminergic neurons to a fruit fly’s olfactory long-term memory center.
The ability to remember a good meal is linked to a single amino acid substitution in one or more receptors.
3) A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Activation Loop Defines the Decoy Characteristic of VEGFR-1/FLT-1 (2006)
The link from the food energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and the creation of enzymes to the single amino acid substitution that controls receptor-mediated neural step cell activation in mice and humans may not be obvious. For instance, the acronym VEGFR might not be linked to other reports on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors.
The likelihood of establishing facts about top-down causation and biophysically constrained viral latency is reduced as each step towards neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense brings another level of obfuscation. See for example:
Duplicated genes are abundant in eukaryotic genomes and thus are presumed to play important roles in evolution.
Duplicated genes do not create themselves. The de novo creation of genes is energy-dependent and receptor-mediated. That fact establishes all the links from top-down causation to biophysically constrained viral latency and ecological adaptations via the creation of RNA and energy-dependent fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions.
If serious scientists understand the facts about food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations in species from microbes to humans, questions like this are not likely to arise. VEGF165b elevation in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, causative or adaptive? (4/1/18)
No reply is required. But see: VEGF165b elevation in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, causative or adaptive? -Reply. (4/1/18)
Shunsuke Suzuki is a co-author of the reply. I am not interested in reading about questions or replies that are placed into the context of ridiculous theories, or attending meetings on Epigenetics & Chromatin where discussion of the emergence of novel CpG islands and genomic imprinting in mammalian evolution are discussed.
See for comparison: Direct Photonic Coupling of a Semiconductor Quantum Dot and a Trapped Ion (2015)
Understanding the key role played by single atoms and ions in the context of elementary quantum information processing protocols is required to answer questions about top-down causation and adaptation. Researchers, like Shunsuke Suzuki, who cannot link photonic coupling from quantum physics to biophysically constrained atomic energy via classical physics and quantum chemistry prevent scientific progress, They are limited to asking questions that have already been answered by serious scientists.
See Frohlich (1968) Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems
The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion.
See also: Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 5-6, 2018
The future of biology lies in the understanding of how the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic energy links RNA-mediated top-down causation via natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality in the context of novel CpG islands and genomic imprinting. The RNA-mediated genomic imprinting must be linked to biophysically constrained viral latency. It is ridiculous to link the systems complexity of cell type differentiation and cancer prevention to mammalian evolution without consideration of how behavior could be linked to biophysically constrained cell type differentiation.
See for instance: CpG islands microRNA
Subatomic is themed around the intersection of particle physics and chemistry! At it’s core, Subatomic is a deck-building game with a light Area Majority mechanic for end game points. Players start with a hand of Up Quarks, Down Quarks and Particle/Wave Duality cards, which they use to form protons, neutrons, and electrons. Players combine these subatomic particles to either build available Elements or buy even more powerful cards for their deck.
We hypothesized that vitamin C mediates these biological processes partially through miRNA regulation.
MiRNA regulation is quantized energy-dependent. The energy comes from the sun. Their hypothesis appears to be based on my claims in my invited review of nutritional epigenetics, which was returned without review by the guest editors of the journal “Nutrients.”
I linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from the claims in Schrodinger (1944) “What is life?” via the quantized energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and vitamin C.
See Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
The likelihood that hemoglobin variants are associated with other beneficial nutrient energy-dependent changes in microbiota populations in the gut can be considered in the context of how balanced nutrition, which includes access to endogenous vitamin C in human populations, supports efficient metabolism and ecological niche construction (McNulty, et al., 2011).
Nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on histone modifications and DNA methylation play an important role in stabilizing cell type identity and in orchestrating many developmental processes. For example, vitamin C appears to stimulate histone demethylases, which appear to alter the de novo creation of functional G protein-coupled genes such as olfactory receptor genes (Adipietro, Mainland, & Matsunami, 2012; Blaschke et al., 2013; Jazin & Cahill, 2010; Lyons et al., 2013; Tan, Zong, & Xie, 2013).
Researchers recently rediscovered a nutrient-dependent epigenetic variant that links vitamin C to what is probably a glucose and glucose dehydrogenase-dependent base pair change. The base pair change results in addition of a methyl group to a cytosine base, which takes on a hydroxyl group to form different 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmCs). Different 5hmCs are associated with differences in cell types that have the same genetic backgrounds. Nutrient-dependent epigenetically-marked bases help to explain how hundreds of cell types in the human body and in the brain (Kriaucionis & Heintz, 2009) are differentiated and how they maintain their glucose-dependent and other nutrient-dependent receptor-mediated identities (Wu et al., 2014).
Conclusion:
In the context of climate change and changes in diet, the story began with what probably was a nutrient-dependent base pair change and a variant epiallele that arose in a human population in what is now central China. Apparently, the effect of the epiallele was adaptive and it was manifested in the context of an effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth. In another mammal, such as the mouse, the effect on sweat, skin, hair, and teeth is probably due to a nutrient-dependent epigenetic effect on hormones responsible for the tweaking of immense gene networks that metabolize nutrients to pheromones. The pheromones appear to control the nutrient-dependent epigenetically-effected hormone-dependent organization and hormone-activation of reproductive sexual behavior in mammals such as mice and humans, but also in invertebrates and in microbes as previously indicated.The ecological adaptations, which appear to be manifested in the human population are detailed in these two reports (Grossman, et al., 2013; Kamberov, et al., 2013).
The ecological adaptations are likely to be nutrient-dependent and pheromone-controlled. If so, ecological variation probably leads to ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction, which is manifested in increasing organismal complexity and species diversity. If not, there may be something as yet unknown about mutations and evolution that makes sense in the light of what is known about nutritional epigenetics and the molecular biology of species from microbes to man.
…our study demonstrates that NONO post-transcriptionally coordinates circadian mRNA expression of metabolic genes with the feeding/fasting cycle, thereby playing a critical role in energy homeostasis.
Wednesday, February 7, 2018 12PM EST (available on demand with registration)
Everything I claimed about the need to link microRNAs to RNA-mediated amino acid substitution ins proteins was included in the context of this Webinar
Within the first 10 minutes, the speaker describes the ability to link specific amino acids to the structure of the protein strand, which allows for the differentiation of pathology from healthy longevity.
Within the first 17 minutes, he links energy-dependent changes in hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution from microtubules to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Lewy Body Disease, and ALS.
He adds that others who are interested in his approach may contact him and he many help them to refine their approach.
Simply put, he does not seem to be among a group of competitors with interests that might prevent the dissemination of accurate information or to prevent rapid scientific advances linked from preventative medicine to Precision Medicine via cryo-EM technology.
…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla.
Splicing is the process by which the coding regions of genes are joined to generate genetic messages that specify the production of proteins, the key structural and functional constituents of cells. Splicing can occur in alternative ways in the same genetic message to generate more than one type of protein. The new findings reveal that the alternative splicing process differs significantly between humans and chimpanzees.
See also: Tissue-Specific Alternative Splicing Remodels Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (2012)
Stop touting ridiculous theories before everyone who understands the fact that cryo-EM links everything known to serious scientists about the creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from the physiology of reproduction to healthy longevity. Only then will you begin to understand how the virus-driven theft of quantized energy links the degradation of messenger RNA from mutations to all pathology.
Teach your children well. If you teach them to believe in ridiculous theories, your hell will become theirs. Alzheimer’s is a form of hell on Earth, for example.
Summary: Theorists and most science journalists have failed to link the anti-entropic energy of sunlight from physical constraints on the creation of new galaxies to the biophysical constraints of ultraviolet light on viral latency. Viral latency prevents mutation-driven evolution in the context of the energy-dependent creation of ATP, microRNAs, RNA and established links from base editing to microRNA editing and RNA editing. Every aspect of energy-dependent editing links alternative splicings of pre-mRNA (microRNAs) from light-activated endogenous substrates to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Feedback loops link food odors and pheromones to all biodiversity via what has been known or suspected about biophysically constrained feedback for more than 50 years. A whirling plane of satellite galaxies around Centaurus A challenges cold dark matter cosmology Feb 2, 2018
Reported as:
This is inconsistent with more than 99% of comparable galaxies in simulations. Centaurus A, the Milky Way, and Andromeda all have highly statistically unlikely satellite systems. This observational evidence suggests that something is wrong with standard cosmological simulations.Science, this issue p. 534; see also p. 520
“… kind of funny when they fail to recognize a simple picture of phase conjugate (opposing cones) doing ‘4 wave mixing’ – which is how gravity is stabilized- AND emerges into self organization (negentropy)-those who are basically clueless to why objects fall to the ground- have no hope of understanding that the phase conjugate cause of gravity- (www.fractalfield.com/conjugategravity ) is ITSELF the path out of the entropy (belief in inevitable chaos) those fatalists try to infect us with…”
Simulations show that there should be more small galaxies in the Universe, but UV radiation essentially stopped them from developing by depriving them of the gas they need to form stars.
Theorists and most science journalists have failed to link the anti-entropic energy of sunlight from physical constraints on the creation of new galaxies to the biophysical constraints of ultraviolet light on viral latency. Viral latency prevents mutation-driven evolution in the context of the energy-dependent creation of ATP, microRNAs, RNA and established links from base editing to microRNA editing and RNA editing. Every aspect of energy-dependent editing links alternative splicings of pre-mRNA (microRNAs) from light-activated endogenous substrates to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Feedback loops link food odors and pheromones to all biodiversity via what has been known or suspected about biophysically constrained feedback for more than 50 years.
Serious scientists are beginning to wonder when pseudoscientists and all science journalists will report findings in the context of top-down causation and energy-dependent constraints. Thankfully, we are about to see constraints placed on the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense reported. See for examples:
Co-author, John E. Walker is scheduled to present at Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018 Structure of the mitochondrial ATP synthase from Pichia angusta determined by electron cryo-microscopy
Living cells need fuel in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, to stay alive. This fuel is generated by a molecular machine made of two motors joined by a rotor. One generates rotation by using energy provided by oxidative metabolism or photosynthesis; the other uses energy transmitted by the rotor to make ATP molecules from its building blocks, adenosine diphosphate, or ADP, and inorganic phosphate. The structure has been determined of a fungal machine, isolated from its cellular power stations, the mitochondria, where the machine operates. It provides unsuspected details of the blueprint of the machine and how it works. The working principles of the fungal machine apply to similar machines in all species.
Mitochondria generate the cellular fuel ATP to sustain complex life. Production of ATP depends on the oxidation of energy-rich compounds to produce a chemical potential difference for hydrogen ions, the proton motive force (pmf), across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Disruption of the IMM, dissipation of the pmf, and cell death occur if the concentration of calcium ions inside mitochondria is sufficiently elevated to open a pore in the IMM. The identity of the pore is disputed. One proposal is that the pore is in the enzyme that makes ATP. Here, we show that proteins in the enzyme’s peripheral stalk are not involved in the formation or regulation of the pore.
…we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the native 100S ribosome from S. aureus, revealing the molecular mechanism of its formation. The structure is distinct from previously reported analogs and relies on the HPF C-terminal extension forming the binding platform for the interactions between both of the small ribosomal subunits. The 100S dimer is formed through interactions between rRNA h26, h40, and protein uS2, involving conformational changes of the head as well as surface regions that could potentially prevent RNA polymerase from docking to the ribosome.
Rats learn rapidly and their choices are influenced by three factors: the angle between the two choice platforms, the distance from the goal, and the angle between the correct platform and the direction of the goal. Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired in learning and their performance is affected by all three factors.
These studies reveal a complex interplay between reproduction and other functions in which GnRH neurons appear to integrate information from multiple sources and modulate a variety of brain functions.
We propose that noncoding exons are functionally modular, with alternative splicing generating an enormous repertoire of potential regulatory RNAs and a rich transcriptional reservoir for gene evolution.
Drosophila melanogaster has been a key model in developing our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ageing. Of particular note is its role in establishing the evolutionary conservation of reduced insulin and IGF-1-like signaling in promoting healthy ageing.
We confirmed that these RNA foci are capable of sequestering endogenous Drosophila RNA-binding proteins, and that the production of dipeptide proteins (poly-glycine-proline, and poly-glycine-arginine) is suppressed in our models. We find that neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear sense or antisense RNA are toxic when expressed in adult Drosophila neurons, suggesting they have a limited role in disease pathogenesis.
Schrödinger (1944) “What is LIfe?” placed energy-dependent biophysical constraints on viral latency into the context of light-activated endogenous substrates and ecological adaptations via the physiology of reproduction in species from soil microbes to humans.
Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)
