supercoiled DNA Archives

A single base change refutes theistic evolution (2)

May 9, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic

Announcing publication of a model that links the creation of quantized energy from changes in subatomic particles to biophysically constrained viral latency and sympatric speciation in all living genera.

Nutrient-dependent Pheromone-Controlled Ecological Adaptations: From Angstroms to Ecosystems

This angstroms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptation links nutrient energy-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements via the physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.

The invited review of nutritional epigenetics was returned without review and the preprint was posted 4 years ago as:

Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

The only significant change to the manuscript was a change in the title. Atoms to ecosystems became Angstroms to Ecosystems when quantized energy-dependent changes in angstroms were linked to ecological adaptation by what is known to all serious scientists in this 2014 parody.
All About that Base (Meghan Trainor Parody) 12/10/14
Repeat after them (and me): “… every angstrom is dynamic from the 5 prime to the three…”
See also the 2015 publication: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

DNA simultaneously exists in a largely inactive B-form with bases tucked in and protected and an active, highly varied structure with exposed bases.

George Church and others may have been the first to place the naturally occurring biophysically constrained energy-dependent processes of ecological adaptations into the context of a patent. (It is extremely unusual for anyone to attempt to patent a naturally occurring process.) That explains why there is no patent litigation, which still plagues those who claimed to discover the CRISPR-Cas 9 innate immune system of bacteria, which biophysically constrains viral latency and prevents the degradation of messenger RNA that links the energy-dependent creation of bacteria to the virus-driven creation of archaea and L-forms. All biophysically constrained virus-driven pathology has since been placed back into the context of embryogenesis and the dynamics of energy-dependent gene expression at the level of single-cell resolution as if bacteria somehow evolved into humans.

See:

Single-cell reconstruction of developmental trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis
Single-cell mapping of gene expression landscapes and lineage in the zebrafish embryo
The dynamics of gene expression in vertebrate embryogenesis at single-cell resolution
Chronicling embryos, cell by cell, gene by gene
Reported as: How one cell gives rise to an entire body
See for comparison our section on molecular epigenetics in: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996)
Watch pseudoscientists continue to make ridiculous claims that fail to link the creation of biophysically constrained thermonuclear energy to autophagy and all biodiversity in the context of the cell biology game Cytosis and most of the forthcoming presentations during Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018.
Remember to note that at the end of the parody All About that Base, the research group politely refers to Neil deGrasse Tyson as a big ass (er, a bass). Try not to use the acronym ROTFLMAO in attempts to discuss what is known to all serious scientists with theorists.

Caption: Contemporary analyses of cell metabolism have called out three metabolites: ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA, as sentinel molecules whose accumulation represent much of the purpose of the catabolic arms of metabolism and then drive many anabolic pathways. Such analyses largely leave out how and why ATP, NADH, and acetyl-CoA (Figure 1) at the molecular level play such central roles. Yet, without those insights into why cells accumulate them and how the enabling properties of these key metabolites power much of cell metabolism, the underlying molecular logic remains mysterious. Four other metabolites, S-adenosylmethionine, carbamoyl phosphate, UDP-glucose, and Δ2-isopentenyl-PP play similar roles in using group transfer chemistry to drive otherwise unfavorable biosynthetic equilibria. This review provides the underlying chemical logic to remind how these seven key molecules function as mobile packets of cellular currencies for phosphoryl transfers (ATP), acyl transfers (acetyl-CoA, carbamoyl-P), methyl transfers (SAM), prenyl transfers (IPP), glucosyl transfers (UDP-glucose), and electron and ADP-ribosyl transfers (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+) to drive metabolic transformations in and across most primary pathways. The eighth key metabolite is molecular oxygen (O2), thermodynamically activated for reduction by one electron path, leaving it kinetically stable to the vast majority of organic cellular metabolites

Virus-driven cystinosis

May 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations base editing Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

A friend asked about nephropathic cystinosis, which is a disease caused by the virus-driven theft of quantized energy. All serious scientists have linked viruses from the degradation of messenger RNA to mutations and all pathology.

Nephropathic cystinosis (NC) is the most frequent cause of Fanconi syndrome (FS) in young children. It will be linked from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to azoospermia and/or progressive neuromuscular degeneration via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation compared to mechanisms that link viruses to mitochondrial degeneration.

See: Impact of atypical mitochondrial cyclic-AMP level in nephropathic cystinosis

Treatment with the non-hydrolysable cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP restored mitochondrial potential and corrected mitochondria morphology. Treatment with cysteamine, which reduces the intra-lysosomal cystine, was able to restore mitochondrial cAMP levels, as well as most other abnormal mitochondrial findings.

The link to treatment of the atypical mitochondrial cyclic-AMP level has not yet been detailed because biologically uninformed science idiots have linked mutations to evolution. But see: Combating Evolution to Fight Disease and the preprint: Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma

The facts about human mitochondrial DNA recombination, which link quantized energy and supercoiled DNA to viral latency, played a significant role in North Korea’s denuclearization. But that fact may not be accepted until the article on human mitochondrial DNA recombination is published in a peer-reviewed journal.

It will then take several more years for medical practitioners to learn how to effectively treat all diseases with food energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance.

See for details: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference

Until all pseudoscientists accept the facts, there will be many others who try to profit from misinformation or from partial information about virus-driven pathology. Most people will not read my reviews and journal articles like this: MicroRNA Regulation of RNA Virus Replication and Pathogenesis

Instead, most are willing to accept the claims of others who have “blown the whistle” on vaccines more than two decades after I first published this review of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in a peer-reviewed journal. From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

See: Doctor Blows Whistle on Flu Shot: ‘It’s Designed to Spread Cancer’

Treague confirmed that this year’s flu strain, that has left thousands of citizens dead, was caused by the vaccines itself, saying: “I believe that the low effective rate of the vaccine this year is due to the mutations that the virus made in the processing of the vaccine itself.

Claims that viruses make mutations are the claims of fools who do not know that the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA has been linked from mutations to all pathology in more than 72,000 published works.

See: microRNA

Abiogenesis vs microRNA biogenesis

April 18, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Summary: The pseudoscientific nonsense about abiogenesis that has been touted by Karo Michaelian and others like him has caused the unnecessary suffering and premature death of millions to billions of people by placing the pathogenic consequences of deregulated miRNAs into the context of ridiculous theories.
See for comparison: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA and the parody from the same research group:
——————————-
Abiogenesis (2017)
Microscopic dissipative structuring and proliferation at the origin of life (Oct 13, 2017)

Some fundamental molecules of life are suggested to have been formed, proliferated, and evolved through photochemical microscopic dissipative structuring and autocatalytic proliferation under the UV-C/UV-B solar environment prevalent at Earth’s surface throughout the Archean. Evidence is given in the numerous salient characteristics of these, including their strong absorption in this spectral region and their rapid non-radiative excited state decay through inherent conical intersections. The examples of the dissipative structuring and dissipative proliferation of the purines and of single strand DNA are given. UV-C and UV-B-induced stationary state isomerizations and tautomerizations are shown to be crucial to the formation of the purines from hydrogen cyanide in an aqueous environment under UV-C light, while UV-C induced phosphorylation of nucleosides and denaturing of double helix RNA and DNA are similarly important to the production and proliferation of single strand DNA. This thermodynamic dissipation perspective provides a physical-chemical foundation for understanding the origin and evolution of life.

The suggestion is ridiculous. No serious scientist would claim that some fundamental molecules of life formed, proliferated, and evolved in the context of thermodynamic dissipation after the UV-C induced phosphorylation of nucleosides and denaturing of double helix RNA and DNA.
The functional structure of supercoiled DNA is energy-dependent.
All serious scientists start with the link from the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy on contact with water to the creation of ATP synthase; the creation of microRNAs; the creation of all other enzymes; the creation of all receptors; the creation of all hormones. That’s how serious scientists link microRNA biogenesis to all biophysically constrained food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled morphological and behavioral diversity on Earth.
MicroRNA biogenesis (2018)

The tipping point of 72,000 indexed published works that mention microRNAs was reached on 4/18/18
See: microRNA
Example: Arthropod viruses and small RNAs (2013)

Understanding the role of small RNAs in arthropod host-virus molecular interactions will facilitate manipulation of these pathways for both management of arthropod pests of agricultural and medical importance, and for protection of beneficial arthropods such as honey bees and shrimp. This review highlights recent research on the role of small RNAs in arthropod host-virus interactions with reference to other host-pathogen systems.

Example: MicroRNAs as mediators of insect host-pathogen interactions and immunity (2014)

In this review, we will discuss the latest developments in regards to the role of microRNA in insect host-pathogen interactions and provide some insights into this rapidly developing area of research.

Example: miRNA regulation of innate immunity (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA and are pivotal posttranscriptional regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. They act by regulating the expression of multiple immune genes, thus, are the important elements to the complex immune regulatory network. Deregulated expression of specific miRNAs can lead to potential autoimmunity, immune tolerance, hyper-inflammatory phenotype, and cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the contributory pathways and mechanisms by which several miRNAs influence the development of innate immunity and fine-tune immune response. Moreover, we discuss the consequence of deregulated miRNAs and their pathogenic implications.

The pseudoscientific nonsense touted by Karo Michaelian and others like him has caused the unnecessary suffering and premature death of millions to billions of people by placing the pathogenic consequences of deregulated miRNAs into the context of ridiculous theories.
See for comparison: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA and the parody from the same research group:

See also: Michaelian K
and Retraction: Oligoarginine peptides slow strand annealing and assist non-enzymatic RNA replication (Nov 23, 2017)
The life’s works of all those who have ever touted their ridiculous claims about abiogenesis can now be placed into the context of the eternal significance of microRNAs. The energy dependent de novo creation of microRNA flanking sequences has repeatedly been linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and sympatric speciation in all living genera.
See: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

See also: Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems (1968)
See also: Cytosis (for ages 10+)

Players take turns placing workers on available organelles within a human cell in order to collect resources (such as Carbohydrates or ATP!) or take actions (such as purchasing Cell Component cards or translating mRNA into Proteins!)

Players use their resources to build Enzymes, Hormones, and Hormone Receptors and also to help detoxify the cell – all of which score health points. The player with the most health points at the end of the game wins!

See for comparison: DNA Denaturing through UV-C Photon Dissipation: A Possible Route to Archean Non-enzymatic Replication (2014)

Many of the fundamental molecules of life, those common to all three domains; bacteria, eukaryote, and archea, including RNA and DNA, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, cofactors, and protoporphyrins, absorb photons in the UV-C 1. RNA or DNA in complexes with these molecules act as acceptor quenchers, providing the electronically excited pigment donor molecule with an extremely rapid (sub picosecond) non-radiative dexcitation channel, through internal conversion into vibrational energy of the nucleic acid and surrounding water molecules2.

On January 15, 2016 John Hewitt commented: You have just described the founding principle and thermodynamic function of life
On April 17, 2018, I commented on the ridiculous claim this so-called science journalist made because he blocked me from seeing his tweets a few months ago.

The eternal significance of microRNAs (1) – revisited

April 11, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations base editing Diseases & Disorders Ecology

I have never been forced to revisit a blog post on the day after it was posted, until now. The Scientist has misrepresented everything known to all serious scientists about the eternal significance of microRNAs in:
Sweet Tooth Gene Tied to Less Body Fat

“These results suggest that FGF21 has pleiotropic effects, with separate effects on macronutrient intake to those on body shape and blood pressure,” the authors write in their report.

My comment to The Scientist

See All About that Base (Meghan Trainor Parody) 12/10/14 from the Zechiedrich lab and their 2015 published work: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

A Common Allele in FGF21 Associated with Sugar Intake Is Associated with Body Shape, Lower Total Body-Fat Percentage, and Higher Blood Pressure is an open access publication.

The authors link one food energy-dependent change in a base pair from rs838133, which is an A/G/T single-nucleotide variation on human chromosome 19, to biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity in the mouse-primate-human model of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

In that model, and in all model organisms feedback loops link what organisms eat to all morphological and behavioral diversity. See: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

The atoms to ecosystems model of sympatric speciation refutes neo-Darwinian pseudoscentific nonsense by linking rs3827760, also known as 1540T/C, 370A, V370A, or Val370Ala, from a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2 to conserved morphological and behavioral phenotypes in mice and humans.

My past comments to The Scientist may be removed before others can see how my 500+ comments have continued to attest to the facts about sympatric speciation since the time that Eugene Garfield posted his comment about “The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality. See “Scent of a Book Deal” (1995)
We made a deal with the editor at Continuum Publishing to include an attestation to mutations and evolution. I mentioned that to the late Eugene Garfield at the time I met with him in Minot, ND during a conference he funded in its entirety. His friend William Turner and I were among the few people who knew that Gene was present. He kept a low profile so that he could listen and learn.

The eternal significance of microRNAs (1)

April 10, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Common Allele Linked to Sugar Consumption Leads to Lower Body Fat, Higher Blood Pressure
One energy-dependent change in a base pair is linked from the FGF21 rs838133 variant to microRNA-mediated changes in morphology and behavior. The quantized energy as information link from microRNAs to morphology and behavior is common to my mouse-to-human model of sympatric speciation.

By linking the common allele to sugar consumption, the authors attest to the fact that sympatric speciation is quantized energy-dependent. Energy as information biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of the game Cytosis for ages 10+.
See also: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems
Theorists have been reluctant to comment on this invited review of nutritional epigenetics, which I posted to Figshare.com on 4/10/14. As of today, the model of food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations / sympatric speciation has been available for 4 years.
In my mouse-to-human model, the variant is rs3827760, aka 1540T/C, 370A or Val370Ala. It is a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2.
Summary: The energy-dependent creation of ATP synthase, ATP, microRNAs, messenger RNA, and supercoiled DNA biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of the “Levels of Biological Organization” I included in this presentation from 2010: Human Pheromones: Linking Neuroendocrinology and Ethology (revisited) See slide # 6.
See also, our award-winning 2001 review: Human pheromones: integrating neuroendocrinology and ethology

Complexity: Routes and Patterns (2)

April 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Ecology

Role of RNA modifications in brain and behavior

“Here, we summarize current knowledge of cellular consequences of RNA modifications, with a special emphasis on neuropsychiatric disorders. We present evidence for the existence of an “RNA code,” similar to the histone code, that fine‐tunes gene expression in the nervous system by using combinations of different RNA modifications.”

Different RNA modifications were referred to as alternative splicings of pre-mRNA in the molecular epigenetics section of this 1996 Hormones and Behavior review: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

“Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species…”

The mechanism, alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA, has since been linked by all serious scientists to the functional structure of supercoiled DNA.
See: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA (2015)
Serious scientists will continue to ridicule pseudoscientists in parodies such as this one from December 2014.
All About that Base (Meghan Trainor Parody) 12/10/14

Psychophysical Laws of Biology: RNA-mediated nutritional psychiatry (3)

March 27, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Subatomic Variations What's in the News

Psychophysical Laws and the Superorganism (open access)

…superorganisms may also exhibit such behaviour, suggesting that these laws arise from fundamental mechanisms of information processing and decision-making.

Reported on Jun 14, 2013 as Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model

and again on: Mar 27, 2018 as Honeybees may unlock the secrets of how the human brain works

The study… found that superorganisms may obey the same laws as the human brain.

Kohl’s “Laws of Biology” and Darwin’s “conditions of life” can now be compared in the context of how quantized energy as information was linked to biodiversity in this invited review of nutritional epigenetics: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems (2014)
See also for review:

Functional and evolutionary aspects of chemoreceptors (2012)
Sensory receptors—design principles revisited (2013)
Moving forward: See: Tuning Insect Odorant Receptors (in press)

Among the insect olfactory receptors the odorant receptors (ORs) evolved in parallel to the onset of insect flight. A special property of this receptor type is the capability to adjust sensitivity of odor detection according to previous odor contacts. This article presents a current view on regulatory processes affecting the performance of ORs and proposes a model of mechanisms contributing to OR sensitization.

Future attempts to place psychophysical laws of biology back into the context of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense will continue to pit ridiculous theories about experience-dependent tuning of odor receptors against everything known to serious scientists about RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency and supercoiled DNA.
See for comparison:
Bacterial self-organization: co-enhancement of complexification and adaptability in a dynamic environment (2003)
Seeking the foundations of cognition in bacteria: From Schrödinger’s negative entropy to latent information (2006)
Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing (2009)
Stability of the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype (2016)

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and its reverse – Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) – are hallmarks of cellular plasticity during embryonic development and cancer metastasis.

Cellular plasticity was linked from the energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in bacteria to our visual perception of energy and mass in the context of the space-time continuum.
See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception (2017)

The behavioral gain produced by a congruent relative to an incongruent odor is accompanied by elevated neural oscillatory power around the object’s flicker frequency in the right temporal region ~150-300 ms after object onset, and is not mediated by visual awareness. In parallel, odors bias the subjective duration of visual objects without affecting one’s temporal sensitivity.

See also: Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018
The scheduled speakers will undoubtedly link the Science Behind the Game “Cytosis” to the Science Behind the Game “Subatomic” via everything known to all serious scientists based on Schrodinger’s prescient claims in What is Life? (1944).
See also: What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy

The anti-entropic force of virucidal ultraviolet light links guanine–cytosine (G⋅C) Watson–Crick base pairing from hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to supercoiled DNA, which protects the organized genomes of all living genera from virus-driven entropy. For example, protection of DNA from permanent UV damage occurs in the context of photosynthesis and nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to DNA repair. In the context of thermodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation, DNA repair enables the de novo creation of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Olfactory receptor genes are GPCRs. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes links chemotaxis and phototaxis from foraging behavior to social behavior in species from microbes to humans. Foraging behavior links ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of this atoms to ecosystems model of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Protein folding chemistry links nutrient-dependent microRNAs from microRNA flanking sequences to energy transfer and cell type differentiation in the context of adhesion proteins, and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy.

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.

This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

See also “Outer Membrane Vesicles” microRNA (4 of 4 from a 3/27/18 search)

How Our Other Genome Controls Our Epi-Genome (2016)

Secretable Small RNAs via Outer Membrane Vesicles in Periodontal Pathogens (2017)

Tiny RNAs and their voyage via extracellular vesicles: Secretion of bacterial small RNA and eukaryotic microRNA (2017)

Molecular Paths Linking Metabolic Diseases, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Enterobacteria Infections (2018)

See also: March 28, 2018 sponsored by System Biosciences

Webinar: Deciphering how bacteria utilize outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to communicate and infect

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are membrane vesicles secreted by bacteria that contain DNA, RNA, proteins and endotoxins. Bacteria respond to many environmental factors by secreting specifically-enriched OMVs, which makes these bacteria more fit for their environment. For example, OMVs may be enriched with invasion proteins at the host-pathogen interface. OMVs have recently gained attention as a novel mechanism for transmission of molecular information within bacteria as well as between bacteria and mammalian cells. Owing to their similarities to well-studied extracellular vesicles (EVs), OMVs are being utilized by researchers to study host-bacterial interactions in pathogenesis, cancer therapy, host immune response modulation, as well as bacterial OMV engineering for use as vaccines. This webinar will give an overview of recent studies on the role of OMVs in host-pathogen interactions and discuss their bioengineering potential as vehicles for cargo delivery. We will also introduce our new & revolutionary ExoBacteria™ OMV Isolation Kit, which will enable you to achieve faster, simpler & better OMV isolation.

Learn how OMVs are being utilized by researchers to study host-bacterial interactions in pathogenesis, cancer therapy, host immune response modulation, as well as bacterial OMV engineering for use as vaccines.

RNA-mediated nutritional psychiatry (2)

March 27, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition

The amino acid optimality code (Fig 6) provides an alternative perspective on sequence changes between paralogs in evolution and human disease.

Neo-Darwinian theorists dispense with Darwin’s food energy-dependent “conditions of life.” They link mutations and disease to evolution via mathematical models. They exemplify human idiocy.
See for example: Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay
Reported as: Adaptive radiations in the Mesozoic

Bony fishes are the most diverse of all extant vertebrate groups. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the group now provides new insights into its 250-million-year evolutionary history.

The claim about the 250-million-year evolutionary history can be compared to what happens when food energy-dependent fixation of a single RNA-mediated amino acid substitution occurs across a vertebrate lineage.
See: Evolution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structure and its receptor

It is very surprising and fascinating that the coordinated evolutionary selection of amino acids participating in binding GnRH has resulted in such perfection, that no substitution with a natural amino acid in any position improves binding potency.

Evolution does not select amino acids. Natural selection for food energy-dependent pheromone-constrained viral latency links the substitution of achiral glycine in position 6 of the GnRH decapeptide to the biodiversity of all morphological and all behavioral phenotypes in all vertebrates.
See also: Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides (2013) Chapter 106 GnRH (LHRH)
Page 794 Figure 2 shows that food energy-dependent substitution of achiral glycine at position 6 stabilizes the folded conformation; increases binding affinity; and decreases metabolic clearance.

This feature is incorporated in all agonist and antagonist analogs.

Simply put, the substitution of achiral glycine in the GnRH decapeptide biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of ligand-receptor interactions and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.
See also: Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction
From the concluding paragraph:

Future work on O. vulgaris olfaction must also consider how animals acquire the odours detected by the olfactory organ and what kind of odour the olfactory organ perceives. The OL acting as control centre may be target organ for metabolic hormones such as leptin like and insulin like peptides, and olfactory organ could exert regulatory action on the OL via epigenetic effects of nutrients and pheromones on gene expression (Kohl, 2013; Elekonich and Robinson, 2000).

Kohl (2013) is Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
The facts that link vertebrates to invertebrates via olfaction and the 2013 model will almost undoubtedly be restated when Tuning Insect Odorant Receptors is published.
Until then, see:Evolution of Constrained Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Ligand Conformation and Receptor Selectivity (2005)
Biophysical constraints link feedback loops from odors and pheromones to the functional structure of the GnRH decapepetide via achiral glycine in position 6. The link from food to the de novo creation of energy-dependent receptors is required in all organisms. They must select the right food, which helps to ensure their ability to reproduce.

RNA-mediated nutritional psychiatry

March 26, 2018

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations Autophagy Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed

Summary: Young Genes are Highly Disordered as Predicted by the Preadaptation Hypothesis of De Novo Gene Birth
Stop this nonsense about de novo gene birth and you will help to stop the school shootings without more gun control.
See my presentation at the 2017 Precision Medicine Virtual Conference (2/15/17) Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference
See also: Pat Sweeney et al (3/13/2017) Protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases: implications and strategies.

A notable development is the creation of collaborative ecosystems that include patients, clinicians, basic and translational researchers, foundations and regulatory agencies to promote scientific rigor and clinical data to accelerate the development of therapies that prevent, reverse or delay the progression of neurodegenerative proteinopathies.

For consideration of protein folding in the context of my life’s works, see: From de novo to “de nono”: most novel protein coding genes identified with phylostratigraphy represent old genes or recent duplicates

Claudio Casola refers “… to the putative de novo genes that failed to pass the validation criteria as the ‘de nono’ genes.” Use of the term ‘de nono’ to refute Pat Sweeney’s neo-Darwinian pseudosceintific nonsense is brilliant! For instance, all serious scientists know that protein folding chemistry is energy-dependent.

See: All about that base and Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

The structural diversity biophysically constrains viral latency and the constraints are referred to in the context of RNA-mediated autophagy. Autophagy clearly makes “de novo” gene creation a no-no term. That is why serious scientists are not likely to use the term de novo. It is like claiming that something automagically occurs.

In the context of what is known about energy-dependent cell type differentiation, see also:

Pheromones and the luteinizing hormone for inducing proliferation of neural stem cells and neurogenesis (2011)

and

Formulation and evaluation of anti-suicidal nasal spray of Thyrotropin releasing hormone (2017)
The fact that food odors and pheromones biophysically constrain physical and mental pathology via alternative splicings of RNA has been addressed in published works since 1990.
See for a recent example: RNA splicing is a primary link between genetic variation and disease (2016)
See for examples of constraints:
Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults (E-pub 2014)
The catechol-o-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism modulates the intrinsic functional network centrality of the parahippocampal cortex in healthy subjects (2015)
Subsecond Regulation of Synaptically Released Dopamine by COMT in the Olfactory Bulb (2016)
The COMT Val158Met polymorphism exerts a common influence on avoidant attachment and inhibited personality, with a pattern of positive heterosis (2017)
In the context of energy-dependent constraints, the COMT VaL158Met amino acid substitution exemplifies the facts detailed in the context of: Hydrogen bonds directly detected for the first time (2017). The facts about hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution have since been linked to all energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biodiversity in: Principles of Transgenerational Small RNA Inheritance in Caenorhabditis elegans (2017)
See also: Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) functional haplotype is associated with recurrence of affective symptoms: A prospective birth cohort study (1/15/2018)
Analysis of COMT Val158Met polymorphisms and methylation in Chinese male schizophrenia patients with homicidal behavior (2/20/2018)
Adjunctive nutrients in first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review of efficacy, tolerability and neurobiological mechanisms (3/21/18)
Reported as: Antioxidants and amino acids could play role in the treatment of psychosis 3/22/2018
See for comparison: March for Our Lives 3/24/18

Theme	Gun violence awareness Support of gun control

The focus on support of gun control ignores everything known to all serious scientists about biophysically constrained mental health and the virus-driven constraint-breaking mutations in the killers with guns. The future of school shootings depends on mental health treatment.

Why nutritional psychiatry is the future of mental health treatment

…29 clinical trials of antidepressant use in young people found no benefits at all. These trials revealed that instead of relieving symptoms of anxiety and depression, antidepressants caused children and young people to feel suicidal.

See for comparison: 7/25/13 Jay R. Feierman:

Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.

My understanding of biology is linked to my understanding of physics and chemistry via 40 years testing experience as a medical laboratory scientist (ASCP emeritus). Simply put, all organisms must eat and reproduce or species do not survive. The discovery of bacteria that eat electrons and create uranium ore was place into the context of this news:
Biologists discover electric bacteria that eat pure electrons rather than sugar, redefining the tenacity of life (2017)
The link from eating electrons to hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution appears in the context of energy delivery to all cell types in organisms that have blood in their circulatory system. The claim that the human circulatory system evolved incorporates ‘de nono’ gene creation.
There is no such thing as de novo gene creation and ‘de nono gene creation’ can now be used in the context of post-publication ridicule of this model:
Basic Science Model of Blood as an Electron-Delivery Circuit Describes the Evolution of the Human Circulation (2017)
The anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight is the link from ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of the physiology of reproduction and biophysically constrained viral latency. Pseudoscientists will not stop trying to place that fact into the context of ridiculous neo-Darwinian theories.
Thankfully, ages 10+ can learn how energy-dependent life is biophysically constrained by playing the cell biology game “Cytosis” and the game that links energy-dependent changes from electrons to ecosystems in all living genera: “Subatomic“.
See my attempt to deliver that message in: There is no such thing as de novo control of electrons or the self-assembly of genes. (11/21/17)
But see: Young Genes are Highly Disordered as Predicted by the Preadaptation Hypothesis of De Novo Gene Birth
Stop this nonsense and you will help to stop the school shootings without more gun control.

Part 2: Light-controlled cell biology (revisited)

March 23, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed

Greg Bear took the lead with this approach in his novel Quantico (2006). A genetically engineered virus was used to erase the memory of a specifically targeted human population to reduce inter-ethnic conflict.

[Greg Bear] …served as a consultant for NASA, the U.S. Army, the State Department, the International Food Protection Association, and Homeland Security on matters ranging from privatizing space to food safety, the frontiers of microbiology and genetics, and biological security.

Greg Bear is a likely candidate for work with Robert Redfield, who is currently the director of the CDC. Predictably, Timothy J. Cunningham will reappear as second in command at the CDC — when the Trump administration is ready to finish draining the academic swamp.

Until then, see: Three dimensional two-photon imaging of neuronal activity in freely moving mice using a miniature fiber coupled microscope with active axial-scanning

The ability to link two-photon imaging from the proton motive force to social behavior in the mouse model can be linked from food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled feedback loops to all vertebrate behavior via changes in the potential of hydrogen (pH) and RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.

This was reported in this video — with the mention of this published work. High performance plasma amyloid-β biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

There is no mention of microRNAs in the published work. See for comparison: MicroRNA+ Alzheimer’s+amyloid-β biomarkers

The role of the microRNA/messenger RNA balance (Breen, Kemena, Vlasov, Notredame, & Kondrashov, 2012; Duvarci, Nader, & LeDoux, 2008; Griggs et al., 2013; Monahan & Lomvardas, 2012) in adaptive evolution will certainly be discussed in published works that will follow.

Biologically uninformed theorists have realized that there is no such thing as Mutation-Driven Evolution (2013). That fact forces them to attempt to drown accurate information about top-down energy-dependent causation in the raw sewage they have continued to dump into their swamp — in their efforts to protect their ridiculous theories from scrutiny.
See also: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
Measurement of changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance are used to monitor autophagy, which protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in the context of what is known to all serious scientists about supercoiled DNA and food energy-dependent biophysically constrained RNA-mediated healthy longevity.