transgenerational epigenetic inheritance Archives

Complexity: Routes and Patterns (3)

April 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Diseases & Disorders Ecology

Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Altered Sperm Histone Retention Sites

“…since epigenetic alterations can promote genetic stability and promote genetic mutations, as previously described32,33, the integration with genetic mutations in the future with the transgenerational germline epigenetics is needed. Future research will need to include the histone core and DHRs in the elucidation of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance mechanisms.”

The epigenetic alterations that promote genetic stability are energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. The virus-driven theft of quantized energy has been linked from mutations to all pathology in more than 71,000 published works.
See microRNA
See for a historical perspective: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (audio/visual aid)

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection. This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA.

Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

Carl Zimmer refutes theistic evolution (2)

March 11, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

Carl Zimmer refutes theistic evolution (1)
Carl Zimmer recognizes the need for a new definition of what heredity is. But he refuses to tell others what he knows about the role that viruses play in the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of all pathology.
Examples of inherited pathology typically include his misrepresentations among others who fail to link ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: Ancient Viruses Are Buried in Your DNA by Carl Zimmer
His conclusion:

In other words, early embryos may have come to depend on the tricks viruses use to manipulate them. “We’re exploiting a property that has evolved for the virus’s benefit,” Dr. Katzourakis said.

No experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect suggests anything except virus-driven pathology has evolved.
See: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

We show here for the first time the crucial role of viruses in controlling archaeal dynamics and therefore the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems, and suggest that virus-archaea interactions play a central role in global biogeochemical cycles.

We estimated that viral infections were responsible for the abatement of 1.0 to 2.2% day−1 (on average 1.6% day−1) of the bacterial abundance and 2.3 to 4.3% day−1 (on average 3.2% day−1) of the archaeal abundance in deep-sea sediments (Fig. 6).

The amount of virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in archaea is clearly biophysically constrained via the energy-dependent physiology of the pheromone-controlled reproduction in bacteria. Neo-Darwinian theorists and so-called science journalists misrepresent the facts about how the virus-driven theft of quantized energy as information is biophysically constrained.
They trick people into believing that viruses and organisms evolve by failing to to mention that viral replication is not possible outside the context of energy theft from the host. Zimmer, for example, has consistently led others to believe in anything except how viral latency is biophysically constrained by what organisms eat and how metabolism is linked to reproduction.
Others like Zimmer are directly to blame for the level of ignorance reported in the context of this project.
The Global Virome Project

Our ability to mitigate disease emergence is undermined by our poor understanding of the diversity and ecology of viral threats, and of the drivers of their emergence.

The diversity and ecology of viral threats has always been linked to stress-induced changes in endogenous substrates. Light activation of endogenous substrates has been linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity in species from bacteria to humans.
Nutrient-stress and social stress have been linked from the degradation of messenger RNA in bacteria to the creation of archaea and L-forms, in which the membrane required for biophysically constrained viral latency is missing.
Zimmer and many other biologically uninformed journalists ignore this threat: Beware ‘Disease X’: the mystery killer keeping scientists awake at night
The threat would not exist if de Vries 1902 definition of mutation had not been accepted by people with not enough common sense to know that food energy must be linked to heredity via biophysical constrained viral latency.
See: Polymaths and paradigm shifts: from Asimov to Bear (in prep)

The MicroRNAome Strikes Back: A Sokalian hoax (10)

February 1, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation Variations

Linda Buck, Ben Feringa, Michael Gazzaniga, Christof Koch, Nick Lane and Svante Paabo are among the presenters who will almost undoubtedly discuss some or all of my claims.
Prepare to ask questions or intelligently discuss accurate representations of top-down causation by watching this:

The energy-dependent creation of the microRNAome protects the organized genomes of all living genera from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that links mutations to all pathology.
See: The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression

MicroRNA present in mature sperm appears to not only be left over from spermatogenic processes, but may actually serve important regulatory roles in fertilization and early developmental processes. Further, our results indicate the possibility that environmental changes may impact the expression of specific miRNA.

We conclude that the enzymes involved took these alternatives by chance in independent populations that had already evolved distinct ion pumps. Our model offers a quantitatively robust explanation for why membrane bioenergetics are universal, yet ion pumps and phospholipid membranes arose later and independently in separate populations. Our findings elucidate the paradox that archaea and bacteria share DNA transcription, ribosomal translation, and ATP synthase, yet differ in equally fundamental traits that depend on the membrane, including DNA replication.

The microRNA-mediated creation of enzymes is quantized energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by phosphorylation in the context of food energy and the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of all morphological and behavioral phenotypes in species from bacteria to primates. Membrane divergence in archaea occurs via the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, which links the loss of quantized energy from mutations to all pathology. The degradation of the cell membrane links archaea to L-forms, the last remnant of the life of a cell. See: The Inner Life of the Cell (video)
See also: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor (2016)

So far as I know, none of the people who are presenting at “The Future of Biology” meeting have linked Schroedinger’s claims from the past to what is known about the conserved molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in species from microbes to humans. Even if they are not evolutionary theorists, most have not linked the energy-dependent fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to increasing organismal complexity and some have even reversed what is known about top-down causation. For example, Nick Lane, like Gunter P. Wagner have used mathematical models of correlations.
See: Pervasive correlated evolution in gene expression shapes cell and tissue type transcriptomes
They start with this admission”

A major challenge for interpreting this data is that cell type transcriptomes may not evolve independently…

They seem to think they can use statistics and interpretations to address the challenge of facts about increasing organismal complexity.

Our study provides a statistical method to measure and account for correlated gene expression evolution when interpreting comparative transcriptome data.

See for comparison: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior and Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
The fact that what organisms eat has been linked from the food energy-dependent creation of enzymes, receptors, and hormones to the affect of hormones on behavior in all invertebrates and vertebrates was placed into the context of the cell biology game, Cytosis.

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

During the month of January (2018), 2831 people learned from my twitter profile about the domains RNA-mediated.com and Autophagy.pro and some of them learned from more than 100,000 impressions how energy must be linked to RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency by autophagy.

Jan 2018 Summary

Tweets

1,199

Tweet impressions

102,000

Profile visits

2,831

Mentions

New followers

Why do I have only 29 new followers? Are theorists really that scared? If so, how will they help to prevent the next viral apocalypse, if it has not already started before September, 2018?

Diet-driven RNA interference and mental health (2)

January 26, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed

The diet-driven construction of the competing endogenous RNA networks (ceRNA networks) is energy-dependent and biophysically constrained by the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Viruses compete for the energy, which is how they contribute to the degradation of messenger RNA that all serious scientists have linked to all mental and physical pathology.

Cell death is not just seen in the context of autophagy and neural cell death. The pathogens that alter physiology also alter behavior via the conserved molecular mechanisms of energy-dependent RNA interference.

See for instance: Molecular Network-Based Identification of Competing Endogenous RNAs in Thyroid Carcinoma

In the future, more attention should be paid to the construction of ceRNA networks and the validation of biomarkers or RNA competing endogenous interactions.

MicroRNAs are the biomarkers that link diet-driven RNA competing endogenous interactions from RNA interference to mental health or to mental disorders.

See for comparison: Interactions between neurotropic pathogens, neuroinflammatory pathways, and autophagic neural cell death

The presence of antigenic stimuli of pathogens can induce autophagic genes through a stratified array of principal immunologic processes, and therefore result in augmented autophagy and inflammation at the site of infection, which is considered to be protective to the host. However, an excessive auto-degeneration of the neuronal cells can be harmful. The question arises, whether there are any known direct interactions of intracellular pathogens (having neurotropism) with this degradative pathway that favor the pathogens for intracerebral survival and growth? It is worth exploring if there is any cooperation between pathogen factors altering immune inflammatory pathways, thereby influencing host cell autophagy regulatory genes that cause massive neuronal damage in intracranial infections as hypothesized presently [Figure 1]. Targeting some key pathways with respect to infectious causes of neurodegeneration will be the need of tomorrow’s new drug discovery that may or may not include the targeting of autophagy for minimizing brain matter degeneration.

There are many ways to say the same thing, and that is what’s happening in the context of their claims about autophagic neural cell death.
See: Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene
The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA is the link to neurodegeneration and to the activation of death genes in all cell types of all tissues of all individuals of all living genera.
The interactions among pathogens, inflammatory pathways, and autophagy can be viewed from the bottom-up. See: Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor

The interactions among pathogens, inflammatory pathways, and autophagy can be viewed from the top-down.
Analysis of experience-regulated transcriptome and imprintome during critical periods of mouse visual system development reveals spatiotemporal dynamics

Visual system development is light-experience dependent, which strongly implicates epigenetic mechanisms in light-regulated maturation. Among many epigenetic processes, genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism through which monoallelic gene expression occurs in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.

Monoallelic gene expression in olfactory neurons links parent-of-origin-specific epigenetic effects on genetic predispositions to all cell type differentiation via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of morphological and behavioral phenotypes.
See for comparison: Evolution unleashed: Is evolutionary science due for a major overhaul – or is talk of ‘revolution’ misguided?

If evolution is not to be explained solely in terms of changes in gene frequencies; if previously rejected mechanisms such as the inheritance of acquired characteristics turn out to be important after all; and if organisms are acknowledged to bias evolution through development, learning and other forms of plasticity – does all this mean a radically different and profoundly richer account of evolution is emerging? No one knows:…

The late-breaking claim that “No one knows” can be compared to what is known to all serious scientists about molecular epigenetics. See for an unchanged historical perspective: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior
See also: Epigenetic mechanisms underlying nervous system diseases

Re: “…evolving profiles of cell-extrinsic, cell-cell, and cell-intrinsic signals. These dynamic processes are responsible for mediating cell- and tissue-specific gene expression and function…”

The biophysically constrained profiles do not evolve. They link ecological variation to ecological adaptation via RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. The protein folding chemistry links energy-dependent changes in base pairs to fixation of amino acid substitutions in the cell types of all individuals of all species.

A rendering of how changes in an electron's motion (bottom view) alter the scattering of light (top view), as measured in a new experiment that scattered more than 500 photons of light from a single electron. Previous experiments had managed to scatter no more than a few photons at a time. Credit: Extreme Light Laboratory|University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Elsevier fails to support the concept of autophagy

December 15, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Alternative Splicings Autophagy Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy microRNA editing Nutrigenomics RNA interference RNA-mediated gene silencing Variations What's in the News

Summary: Who lets biologically uninformed theorists make presumptions about evolution after all serious scientists have linked light-harvesting from energy-dependent changes in electrons to ecosystems in all living genera via natural selection for food energy-dependent codon optimality. Who lets them pretend not to know that the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction links autophagy to the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of healthy longevity? Who is causing the unnecessary suffering and premature death of your loved ones?
Elsevier publishing supports the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by theorists by who publish articles like this:
Neurotransmitter Funneling Optimizes Glutamate Receptor Kinetics (open access) Published Online: December 14, 2017 (with my emphasis)

These studies suggest that neurotransmitter binding is a directed process for which kinetics have been optimized (presumably by evolution)…

Our experiments reveal a strikingly elaborate management of ligand transport by AMPA receptors, whereby flexible positive charges ensure that glutamate binding reactions are fast. The existence of these pathways is surprising, and the fact that they alter the kinetics of receptor activity indicates that the molecular mechanisms that determine the action of neurotransmitters at receptors are more complex than previously thought. R660 is conserved between AMPA and NMDA receptors; in kainate receptors, R660 and R661 are replaced by lysine residues (Figure S8). It is possible that these helix F interactions also coordinate ligand binding in kainate and NMDA receptors. Given that electrostatic interactions are also important for coordination in other neurotransmitter binding sites (McCammon, 2009), these principles of ligand funneling may be general.

They linked the lysine residues (i.e., amino acid substitutions) from electrostatic interactions to RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in all living genera. Their studies do not link any experimental evidence from electrostatic interactions or optimized kinetics to evolution. Evolution cannot optimize any aspect of energy-dependent kinetics. Evolution cannot optimize any aspect of energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation, which is biophysically constrained by the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.
The nonsense about evolution was reported as: Scientists chart how brain signals connect to neurons (with my emphasis)

Scientists at Johns Hopkins have used supercomputers to create an atomic scale map that tracks how the signaling chemical glutamate binds to a neuron in the brain. The findings, say the scientists, shed light on the dynamic physics of the chemical’s pathway, as well as the speed of nerve cell communications.

See: Life is physics and chemistry and communication
All experimental evidence of top-down causation links quantized energy from the speed of light on contact with water to energy as information-dependent changes in electrons and all ecosystems via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which biophysically constrains viral latency. The use of supercomputers led the researchers to report findings that eliminate everything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation. It is common for theorists to eliminate energy as information-dependent changes and replace facts with mathematical models.
See for comparison: Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (open access)

The bias between codons or amino acids, and mRNA expression levels has been previously recognized across species and is thought to result from selection for efficient, accurate translation, and folding of highly expressed genes (Ikemura, 1982; Akashi, 1994; Akashi & Gojobori, 2002; Drummond & Wilke, 2008; Kudla et al, 2009; Novoa & Ribas de Pouplana, 2012). The amino acid optimality code (Fig 6) provides an alternative perspective on sequence changes between paralogs in evolution and human disease.

This is not just an alternative perspective. It is a refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense that was reported as: Codon optimality at genome transition

Nucleotide triplets, or codons, designate specific amino acids for protein synthesis. However, that is not their only job. In yeast and bacteria, codons contribute to RNA stability, with “optimal” codons stabilizing RNAs and “suboptimal” codons destabilizing RNAs. This is possible because multiple codons can encode the same amino acid.

See also: Human GW182 Paralogs Are the Central Organizers for RNA-Mediated Control of Transcription Elsevier — Cell Reports (August 15, 2017)

Nuclear RNAi, regardless of whether it is controlling splicing, transcription, or some other nuclear process, would have distinct advantages as a mechanism for evolution, because it would expand sequence-specific control of gene expression by miRNAs.

No experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect suggests that microRNAs evolved to control sequence-specific gene expression. The authors linked TNRC6, MED14, NAT10, and WDR5 to RNA-mediated gene activation. They inadvertently linked the energy-dependent de novo creation of microRNAs to Trinucleotide Repeat Containing (TNRC) 6A expression. See: miR-26a-5p Regulates TNRC6A Expression and Facilitates Theca Cell Proliferation in Chicken Ovarian Follicles
The anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight links the creation of microRNAs and multiple codons to the creation of differences and similarities in the same amino acid. That fact has been ignored.
See also: MicroRNAs recruit eIF4E2 to repress translation of target mRNAs

There is increasing evidence indicating that translation initiation is a major target of miRNA repression…

…we provide evidence indicating that TNRC6A, the core component of RISC, can directly recruit eIF4E2 to target mRNA to repress translation.

They provided evidence that the energy-dependent de novo creation of microRNAs represses the expression of the mutations that cause all pathology.
See for example: Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention
Reported as: New Study Finds That Most Cancer Mutations are Due to Random DNA Copying ‘Mistakes’

John Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists report data from a new study providing evidence that random DNA copying “mistakes” account for nearly two-thirds of the mutations that cause cancer. Their research is grounded on a novel mathematical model based on DNA sequencing and epidemiologic data from around the world.

This was reported in the context of the “bad luck” theory of cancer (video).
For comparison see: Why Is This Bacterium Hiding in Human Tumors?

“The whole idea of bacteria in tumors is fascinating and unexpected,” said Dr. Bert Vogelstein, a colon cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins.

See for comparison: QuEBS: Workshop on Quantum Effects in Biological Systems has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. This field has… established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.
All serious scientists have linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from physics and chemistry to biophysically constrained viral latency via the de novo creation of microRNAs and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which links autophagy to fixation of amino acid substitutions that stabilize the organized genome of all living genera in the context of autophagy.
Only biologically uniformed researchers, like Bert Vogelstein are surprised to find bacteria in tumors, because all serious scientists have link the viruses in bacteria from the degradation of messenger RNA in bacteria to the degradation of messenger RNA that causes all pathology in all living genera.

The overwhelming ignorance of sex researchers (2)

December 13, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy Diseases & Disorders Ecology Model Organisms RNA Directed Variations

Conclusion: There is a clear link from Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in individuals and in species with differences in behavioral phenotypes. The differences are food energy-dependent and RNA-mediated. The differences link the sense of smell and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in soil bacteria from The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression to the report on the Obligatory role of hypothalamic neuroestradiol during the estrogen-induced LH surge in female ovariectomized rhesus monkeys

Reported on December 12, 2017 as: Estrogen discovery could shed new light on fertility problems

Estradiol builds in the bloodstream until it reaches a concentration that causes a surge of the hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, including one called luteinizing hormone, which in turn trigger an ovary to release an egg.

“It’s a feedback loop…

From our section on “Neurosteroids” in this December 1996 Hormones and Behavior review: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Perhaps significantly, neuron-specific transcription regulation of neurosteroidogenic enzymes and subsequent neurosteroids production suggest clues to mechanisms that allow some persons to develop in accord with typical gonadal male-pattern or female-pattern hormones and have appropriate male-typical or female-typical physiques nonetheless have parameters of their sexual behavior profile quite opposite to their physical phenotype. For instance, it might be possible for local neurosteroid action in CNS loci specific for sexual orientation to operate independently of other hormonal production and separately from gross body morphology in general. This could, for instance, account for different manifestations of transsexualism and homosexuality.

The “gay agenda” served its proponents well as they attempted to bury the facts that link feedback loops from odors and pheromones to biophysically constrained viral latency.

See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

Most sex researchers still live in fear that the biologically uninformed masses will learn that homosexual orientation is nothing more than another variation of what happens in the context of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

See: The overwhelming ignorance of sex researchers (December 8, 2016)

All serious scientists link food energy to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and autophagy, which protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA links mutations to all pathology in species from microbes to humans.

If you try to make any aspect of pathology specific to any group of individuals in any human population, you challenge the totality of experimental evidence that links top-down causation to healthy longevity. You be forced to admit that you are not perfectly healthy, which means you are not qualified to judge the mental health or judge the physical health of others. The take home message is stop judging anyone based on your ignorance.

See also the author’s copy of this award-winning review: The Mind’s Eyes: Human pheromones, neuroscience, and male sexual preferences

Abstract:

The across-species genetic conservation of intercellular and extracellular chemical communication enables unicellular and multicellular organisms to functionally distinguish between self and non-self. Non-self olfactory/pheromonal input from the social environment elicits a vertebrate neuroendocrine response. The organization and activation of this neuroendocrine response modulates the concurrent maturation of the mammalian neuroendocrine system, the reproductive system, and the central nervous system during the development of sexual preferences that may be expressed in sexual behavior. Psychophysiological mechanisms for the development of these sexual preferences include focus on unconscious affects that are detailed in reciprocal cause and effect relationships. Olfactory/pheromonal conditioning elicits neuroendocrine effects accompanied by unconscious affects on the development of sexual preferences. Integrating these unconscious affects extends to humans a developmental model of behavior that includes the development of male sexual preferences for other males.

Conclusion:

ISSUES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION

Rarely do sex researchers address the ongoing philosophical debate between canonical neo-Darwinism and Biblical creation. Perhaps this is because any debate between scientific theory and religion arises from distinctly different domains of cognitive thought. Does the acceptance of Darwin’s theory represent the glorification of Science pitted against religion, or is it a means by which Science and religion might be integrated? Integration of Science and religion might be achieved by recognizing that the key components of this olfactory/pheromonal model appear to be as irreducibly complex as the basic tenets of evolution and the basic tenets of religion.

From an evolutionary perspective, highly conserved GnRH peptide ligand/receptor signaling mechanisms are the molecular biochemical mechanisms for sexual reproduction in all organisms. These signaling mechanisms also appear to play an integral role in the development of sexual preferences. From a religious perspective, these signaling mechanisms dictate that the creation of life, which begets life, also allows for the creation of diversified life through the same mechanisms. These mechanisms allow life to recognize the difference between self and non-self and to respond to this difference.

Perhaps the creation of diversified human life gave us the ability to recognize differences between our sexual behavior and the sexual behavior of others. Since all life does not beget diversified life, those who judge sexual preferences that do not seem to result in diversified life may be judging creation itself.

It is easy to understand how someone could judge a particular sexual preference, without thought. Unconscious affects that are manifest in the development of human sexual preferences are, by their nature, a part of diversified life that few people think about. What we think about human sexual preferences becomes less meaningful when we realize that most of sexual behavior is not what we cognitively think it should be. Indeed, the largest contributor to sexual preferences that are manifest in the sexual behavior of any species appears to be unconscious affect. This also appears to be the basis for diversified life.

See this claim about diversified life for comparison: New Zealand discovery of fossilised ‘monster bird’ bones reveals a colossal, ancient penguin

Insights into penguin evolution

The other startling thing about the new colossal fossil is its ancient age. At 55 to 60 million years old, it is nearly as old as the earliest penguin ancestors ever found. It would have lived during a geological period known as the Paleocene, just after the mass extinction 66 million years ago that wiped out non-bird dinosaurs.

The most startling thing about this ridiculous claim is that it cannot be linked from anything known to serious scientists about biophysically constrained viral latency to all biodiversity on Earth via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and chromosomal rearrangements in birds.

See for comparison: Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral phenotypes

Two fixed differences among 597 amino acids drive a Val73Ile and Ala552Thr (valine to alanine) polymorphism in ZAL2m that distinguish its morphological and behavioral phenotype from ZAL2.

Mouse morphs and primate diversity in 50 years

December 7, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA editing Variations

Excerpt:

Analysis of the crystal structure of deer mouse Hb at 1.8 Å resolution (24, 25) revealed that each of the eight rHb mutants is characterized by a unique constellation of hydrogen bonds within and between subunits (Table 2 and fig. S2). Additional hydrogen bonds between subunits of the same αβ dimer are formed in the presence of β128Ser (an L-type residue; fig. S2), which contributes to the observed epistasis between allelic α- and β-chain variants.

———————————
Energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency (i.e., silencing of viral elements) protects all organized genomes from the degradation of messenger RNA that links mutations to all pathology. The mutations are caused by nutritional stress and/or social stress. That fact has been known to all serious scientists for at least 50 years. But see:
Silencing of viral elements: A cure for schizophrenia? ARTICLE Provisionally accepted

1. The problem.
Scientific evidence for various infectious agents as cause for psychosis in schizophrenia is not robust. Many pathogens that influence brain development might play a role in disease causation. It has been shown that influenza exposure before birth(Brown, 2012), exposure to herpes simplex during birth(Brown et al., 2011) or exposition to Toxoplasma gondii and other pathogens (Arias et al., 2012) increases risk for schizophrenia and/or compromises cognition. During psychosis viral and also ancient retroviral elements become may activated in the brain(Karlsson et al., 2001; Perron et al., 2012). The implication of this research for use in clinical practice is ambiguous, because a robust virus test is lacking.

Examples of human idiocy are the problem. See for comparison:

QuEBS workshop has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. This field has been developed in Lithuania for more than 20 years already. The beginnings could be associated with a series of “Light-harvesting Physics” international conferences, which were held in Lithuania (in Preila, 1992 and 1994, and in Birštonas, 1996). During these conferences, discussion of notable scientists and pioneers of Quantum Biology, such as Graham R. Fleming, Shaul Mukamel, Rienk van Grondelle, Richard Cogdell, Alfred Holzwarth and others, established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.

Every aspect of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated life on Earth has refuted the pseudoscientific nonsense about emergence and evolution.

As climate warms, mice morph

Biologists document changes in teeth and skull structure in two species in southern Quebec over past 50 years

The ridiculous claim that the fixed amino acid substitutions were adaptive mutations proves how little the authors understand about biophysically constrained viral latency.

Excerpt 1)

“Biologists document changes in teeth and skull structure in two species in southern Quebec over past 50 years

Excerpt 2)

“These changes may be related to a dietary shift caused by climate change, combined with competition for food resources between the two species of mice, according to the researchers.”

All serious scientists know that food energy biophysically constrains the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction, which links the fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to cell type differentiation in all living genera.

We have now arrived at the claims of biologically uninformed science idiots who tell us that two different species evolved in 50 years.

Excerpt 3)

“One question that remains to be settled is whether the changes are genetic, and will be passed on to future generations — actual evolution — or whether they represent “plasticity,” the capacity of some species to adjust to rapid environmental change.”

The facts about the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of healthy longevity for comparison to virus-driven pathology have been exquisitely detailed. All serious scientists have dispensed with the nonsense that questions the capacity of some species to adjust to rapid environmental change. Ecological variation must be linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in all living genera via the conserved molecular mechanisms of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation that link fixation of amino acid substitutions to the morphological and behavioral phenotypes of all individuals and all species on Earth.

See for instance, on the same day that my 2013 refutation of Nei’s pseudoscientific nonsense about Mutation-driven evolution was published, this also was published: Epistasis Among Adaptive Mutations in Deer Mouse Hemoglobin

Epistasis is food energy-dependent. The energy must be biophysically constrained in the context of the physiology of pheromone-controlled transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The creation of energy in a hydrogen atom was linked from the anti-entropic virucidal effect of sunlight to the stability of the organized genome of mice by hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution and differences in the hemoglobin molecule of ecologically adapted species.

From base editing to RNA editing

October 27, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings base editing biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy Physics RNA editing RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Base Editing Now Able to Convert Adenine-Thymine to Guanine-Cytosine

“Nature conveniently provides us with cytosine deaminase enzymes that operate on DNA,” Liu tells The Scientist.

The creation of quantized energy in sunlight links energy as information from electrons to ecosystems via the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. The claim that “Nature” provides us with cytosine deaminase enzymes makes it seem that the enzymes emerged and automagically evolved to become purposeful and meaningful in the context of ridiculous theories about mutation-driven evolution.
See for comparison: All about that base (video parody)
See also: RNA Editing Possible with CRISPR-Cas13

Introducing specific sequence changes into RNA molecules could allow researchers to answer questions about alternative splicing mechanisms, translation, and even editing, he says. “There’s a lot of scope.”

The entirety of that scope was addressed in the context of energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in our section on molecular epigenetics from this 1996 Hormones and Behavior review. From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior
Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans (Adler and Hajduk, 1994; de Bono, Zarkower, and Hodgkin, 1995; Ge, Zuo, and Manley, 1991; Green, 1991; Parkhurst and Meneely, 1994; Wilkins, 1995; Wolfner, 1988). That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.
All biophysically constrained RNA-mediated energy-dependent cell type differentiation has since been linked from the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to supercoiled DNA via the fixation of amino acid substitutions and chromosomal rearrangements.
The facts about the amino acid substitutions in the context of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance link electrons to ecosystems via the cryo-EM technology that won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
See: Chemists know (video parody)
See also:

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection. This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes

Methylation and the Innate Immune System

September 6, 2017

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation Variations

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I sent these two questions in advance:

1) Does what organisms eat link food energy to RNA-directed DNA methylation and all healthy longevity via fixation of amino acid substitutions and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in the context of the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans?

2) Does the virus-driven theft of quantized energy link the loss of information from impaired methylation to all pathology?

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See why I asked: The Bull Sperm MicroRNAome and the Effect of Fescue Toxicosis on Sperm MicroRNA Expression

The potential for sperm miRNA affecting zygote development has recently been reported in the literature [18] and has interesting implications for the use of sperm miRNA profiles as indicators of potential male fertility.

Pseudoscientists hate what science explains! (3)

August 17, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics RNA Directed RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

See also: Pseudoscientists hate what science explains (2)
Summary: In addition to germline silencing via information transfer to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA, multicopy transgene arrays are linked from changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance to variation in their somatic expression level. That fact helps to establish the difference between healthy longevity and pathology across generations.
Problems with DNA replication can cause epigenetic changes that may be inherited for several generations
My summary: The polycomb repressive complex 2, additional chromatin- and small RNA–related pathways carry quantized energy as information from the epigenetic landscape. The information causes changes in microRNAs that modify histones, which links the energy to the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of morphological and behavioral phentypes in the nematode model organism.
In addition to germline silencing via information transfer to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA, multicopy transgene arrays are linked from changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance to variation in their somatic expression level. That fact helps to establish the difference between healthy longevity and pathology across generations.
The difference is food energy-dependent, RNA-mediated, and biophysically constrained by the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in all living genera.
See for comparison: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996)

Yet another kind of epigenetic imprinting occurs in species as diverse as yeast, Drosophila, mice, and humans and is based upon small DNA-binding proteins called “chromo domain” proteins, e.g., polycomb. These proteins affect chromatin structure, often in telomeric regions, and thereby affect transcription and silencing of various genes…. Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans… That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.

Parallel evolution of conserved non-coding elements that target a common set of developmental regulatory genes from worms to humans

We propose that CNEs [conserved non-coding elements] represent the ‘hard-wired’ sequence traces of these core animal group-specific GRNs [gene regulatory networks]. The alternative core GRNs of different animal lineages are reflected in their having alternative CNEs. However, because of their co-evolution from a common metazoan ancestor, the core GRNs of different animal groups often utilize the same regulatory genes. As a result, distinct yet parallel sets of CNEs have become irreversibly associated with the same genes that coordinate core developmental networks in diverse animal groups. Indeed, this evolution of regulatory elements may underlie the astounding diversification of animal body plans that was seen during the Cambrian period approximately 550 million years ago.

No experimental evidence suggests that regulatory elements evolved.
Predicting phenotypic variation in yeast from individual genome sequences
No experimental evidence predicts a link from gain of function mutations to evolution
Differential DNA mismatch repair underlies mutation rate variation across the human genome
All experimental evidence links natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality to mutation rate variation across species and to individual differences in the human genome via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction.

3D structures of individual mammalian genomes studied by single-cell Hi-C

Reported as: Scientists have determined the 3D structures of intact mammalian genomes from individual cells, showing how the DNA from all the chromosomes intricately folds to fit together inside the cell nuclei. The research is published in Nature this week. http://go.nature.com/2n6psaw

My comments:

See also: 3D RNA and Functional Interactions from Evolutionary Couplings “…the ongoing explosion of available sequence data means that the outlook for elucidating functional interactions in mRNAs, lncRNAs, and viral genomes, as well as their protein-binding partners, is promising.” http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.030

Virus-driven energy theft causes the degradation of messenger RNA in all organized genomes. That fact threatens anyone who has ever reported results in the context of mutations, natural selection and evolution because natural selection occurs only for energy-dependent codon optimality.

It would be even more amazing if they told the truth about energy-dependent amino acid substitutions that stabilize supercoiled DNA, which links chromosomal rearrangement to all biodiversity via the physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans. See: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6328/910

See other comments to this Nature Facebook page
Addendum: Say goodbye to mutation-driven evolution. Everything known to serious scientists about biophysically constrained endogenous RNA interference and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction has been linked from the de novo creation of nucleic acids to energy-dependent amino acid substitutions that differentiate all cell types in all living genera via fixation in organized genomes.
See: Transgenerational transmission of environmental information in C. elegans
They link diet- and stress-induced changes in heterochromatin from repressed repetitive elements that escape epigenetic reprogramming to phenotypic variation in mammals. It is obvious that heterochromatin provides the link from the molecular mechanisms of biophysically constrained protein folding chemistry to the epigenetic transmission of information between generations. But they speculate that the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of environmentally triggered changes in expression from repressed chromatin may be linked to ecological adaptations.
See for comparison: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model

…the model represented here is consistent with what is known about the epigenetic effects of ecologically important nutrients and pheromones on the adaptively evolved behavior of species from microbes to man. Minimally, this model can be compared to any other factual representations of epigenesis and epistasis for determination of the best scientific ‘fit’.

Ben Lehner and his co-authors have consistently tried to sneak up from behind and link explanations of energy-dependent top-down causation from mutations to evolution.
Others are also ignoring the experimental evidence that links energy-dependent changes in microRNAs to healthy longevity or from virus-driven energy theft to all stress-linked pathology.
See: Stress-induced changes in miRNA biogenesis and functioning
See for comparison: I am not a story

Reported as: Life is not a neat narrative, it’s a patchwork of competing, even contradictory, forces. Sensations are too spurious and memory too fickle for the formation of reliable storylines. Reject the impulse to narrativise. Summer Reads from the Aeon archive: http://ow.ly/bLd430ekoJn

Re: Sensations are too spurious and memory too fickle for the formation of reliable storylines.

My comment: Too late for more of this nonsense. See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

The sense of smell in bacteria has been linked from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to our visual perception of mass and energy in the context of the space-time continuum via food energy.

See for comparison: Quantum common sense

We don’t need a conscious mind to measure or look. With or without us, the Universe is always looking

My comment: No, it’s Santa Claus who sees you when your sleeping; He knows when you’re awake. And he knows if you’ve been bad or good, so be good for goodness sake.

Scent of Eros

Posts tagged: transgenerational epigenetic inheritance