virus-driven entropy Archives

MicroRNA-mediated denuclearization (2)

April 24, 2018

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology microRNA editing Model Organisms Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity

Summary:
The virus-driven theft of quantized energy creates a cellular environment that promotes the survival and self-proliferation of viruses by encoding viral miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules. The viral miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules target different types of host cells.
The sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy biophysically constrains viral latency in the context of global control of human ES cell differentiation via circRNAs derived from lncRNAs. That fact refutes all neo-Darwinian gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense. That fact also attests to the link from Chinese philosophy to scientific creationism in South Korea.
Scientific creationism appears to have defeated communism in the context of the electron cloud superimposed over the yin yang symbol of constrained energy.
For scientific support of the claims that appear to have defeated communism, see:
Analysis of human ES cell differentiation establishes that the dominant isoforms of the lncRNAs RMST and FIRRE are circular

Surprisingly, circRNAs derived from long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to account for a significantly larger proportion of transcripts from their loci of origin than circRNAs from coding genes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that during human ES cell differentiation, changes in circRNA levels are primarily globally controlled.

Global control of human ES cell differentiation via circRNAs derived from lncRNAs refutes neo-Darwinian gene-centric pseudoscientific nonsense. The level of control comes as no surprise to serious scientists who start with the energy-dependent creation of microRNAs and link the energy to the RNA-mediated creation from genome assembly to the creation of all cell types.

The global control-based refutation is merely one more example of pattern recognition.

See: Three invariant Hi-C interaction patterns: applications to genome assembly

We suggest that simultaneously considering all three invariant patterns may lead to better Hi-C-based genome assembly methods.

Schrödinger suggested that genome assembly was energy-dependent in What is Life? (1944)

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)

Examining virus-host cell interaction is important for elucidating mechanisms of virus proliferation in host cells. Viruses can create an environment that promotes their survival and self-proliferation by encoding miRNAs or miRNA-like molecules that target various host cell.

…fine-tuning of the base-pair stability at the cleavage site is essential for efficient processing of pri-miR156a at a low temperature and for reduced flowering sensitivity to ambient temperature changes.

…17-24 amino acid changes, specifically A87T, D96N, S213D, and S242N substitutions in G2 epitopes, were observed. These results suggest that multiple interspecies re-assortment events might have contributed to the emergence of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination era in South Korea.

Several amino acid mutations were identified in PB2, PB1, PA, BM2, and/or NS1 protein coding regions, and one concurrent lysine (K)-to-arginine (R) mutation in PA residue 338 (PA K338R) was found in both maVc_BR60 and maYm_WI01 viruses. When analyzed using reverse-genetically rescued viruses, it was shown that PA K338R alone could increase the pathogenicity of both IBVs in mice and viral replication property in the respiratory tracts of ferrets.

The energy-dependent fine-tuning of the base-pair stability in plants prevents the emergence of rotaviruses via multiple interspecies re-assortment events linked to healthy longevity in post-vaccination era South Korea.

See for comparison: Engineered virus has artificial amino acid allowing it to serve as a vaccine

A team of researchers at Peking University has developed a new type of vaccine that they claim may allow for a new approach to generating live virus vaccines which could conceivably be adapted to any type of virus. In their paper published in the journal Science, the team outlines the means by which they modified an influenza virus causing it to incite an immune response without a risk of infection.

Scientific creationists in South Korea have showed that the Chinese cannot protect themselves from a viral apocalypse via vaccinations. The viruses adapt too quickly.

Knowing that also allows the scientific creationists to create a virus that damages the DNA of specific human populations who are less well-adapted to their food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niches.

Would you threaten nuclear war after you learn that the population of your country could be decimated by a genetically engineered virus produced in a neighboring country. Or, would you denuclearize and de-escalate the tensions as soon as you learned that all niche construction is food energy-dependent and that the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction biophysically constrains viral latency.

That fact cannot be placed back into the context of atheism or communism. It is a neo-Darwinian theory killer and is the most likely reason for denuclearization in a reasonable world.

The facts about biophysically constrained viral latency and energy-dependent life will be discussed during Schrödinger at 75 – The Future of Biology – September 2018

See for comparison: Organ-specific metastases obtained by culturing colorectal cancer cells on tissue-specific decellularized scaffolds

…lung and liver decellularized scaffolds retained their tissue-specific tropism when injected in mice.

Reported as: Scientists create better laboratory tools to study cancer’s spread

The hypothesis is this is caused by both ‘seed and soil’ – that the cancer cells have something in them that drive them to a particular organ, and the soil has to be right for them to grow. Most of the focus has been on studying the cancer cell, or the seed, and not as closely looking at the soil, which is the organs that they go to. Our models will help us understand to better understand the conditions of the soil that help promote cancer metastasis.

The use of Schrödinger’s sunlight-to-soil metaphor of degraded organic matter and biophysically constrained viral latency is not likely to be a coincidence. It also appears in the context of the energy-dependent weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum and in the context of the weekend Resurrection of Christ.

Scientific creationism in South Korea supposedly began with the support of the US government in their attempt to fight against communism and atheism. Pseudoscientists have not linked energy-dependent RNA-mediated biophysically constrained viral latency to all healthy longevity in the context of Communism and atheism.

For comparison, all serious scientists who understand the role that the creation of energy plays in the creation of supercoiled DNA have won the war against communism by combating evolution to fight disease.

All disease has been linked to the virus-driven energy theft that causes the degradation of messenger RNA, which has been linked to all pathology.

The energy-dependent creation of microRNAs has been linked from the creation of the innate immune system to all biophysically constrained behaviors via what is known about how the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction must be linked from soil bacteria to the growth of seeds and all food energy-dependent life on Earth.

Trump challenges the CDC to remember 9/11

December 19, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Pharmacogenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Synopsis: If you do not understand the experimentally established facts… use caution if you attempt to compare the President of the USA to Hitler. If you tell me I am being disrespectful or condescending, you may be more embarrassed than Nobel Laureate, Jack Szostak, and be subjected to more ridicule than Neil deGrasse Tyson, who was politely called a big ass by the research group that published Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA (2015)
Federal Officials and Scientists Respond to Purported CDC Word Ban

…it seems that The Scientist has been highjacked by people that believes that science is fighting Republicans and promoting liberal ideas, right or wrong. For those that were not even born then, most of the advances in medicine and biology occurred during the war of cancer that President Richard Nixon initiated and supported. –dmarciani

Since then, the evolved use of meaningless words, such as evolved, and the use of meaningless phrases by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) has left the citizens of the United States of America (USA) comparatively unprotected from the forthcoming world-wide viral apocalypse. The last one (in 1918) killed ~50 million people.
See: Bill Gates warns that a new kind of terrorism could be coming, and the ‘potential damage is very, very huge’
The biologically uninformed masses know nothing about how viruses kill, or how fast they kill. Most people know little or nothing about viruses in vaccines, which may be slow killers. That explains why, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the year of the 1918 viral terror, the Trump administration is being criticized by non-scientists and pseudoscientists. Researchers who are biologically uniformed science idiots have helped to bankrupt the economy of the USA by submitting proposals for research that include meaningless words and phrases. The biologically uninformed masses (who are not idiots) have not learned the difference between pseudoscience and science, because they have been taught to believe in mutation-driven evolution. The difference between a scientific truth about ecological varaiation and ecological adaptation for comparison to pseudoscientific nonsense can be placed into the context of words, such as: “vulnerable,” “entitlement,” “diversity,” “transgender,” “fetus,” “evidence-based” “science-based” “fetus” and “transgender”
With one exception, none of these words or phrases has anything to do with the purpose of the CDC, which is largely to protect the USA from virus-driven pathology. For comparison, the difference between food energy-dependent amino acid substitutions and mutations, which are caused by the virus-driven theft of quantized energy-as-information, clearly shows why USA Patriots for Donald Trump want to change what’s happening at the CDC.
See also: Trump administration forbids CDC officials from using 7 words and phrases

The claims of Trump-haters cut to the heart of the disrespect some people show for the President of the USA — and also the disrespect they show for the serious scientists who support him. As a medical laboratory scientist, I can point out the difference that one letter in one word makes to help other USA Patriots for Donald Trump understand what is known about how to protect us all from the next viral apocaplyse.

See: Stability-mediated epistasis constrains the evolution of an influenza protein

WORD→WORE→GORE→GONE→GENE. Implicit in this analogy is the idea that epistasis constrains evolution—for example, the original parent sequence does not tolerate three of the four eventual changes, as GORD, WERD and WOND are not words.

Serious scientists know that proteins do not evolve and that viruses do not automagically mutate! Similarly, the serious scientists known that new words, such as GORD, WERD and WOND are not created outside the context of biophysically constrained viral latency. Simply put, new words are not created, and new genes are not created from changes in base pairs outside the context of biophysically constrained viral latency at the level of energy-dependent base editing of food energy-dependent ACTG-linked changes in amino acid substitutions.

Indeed, serious scientists already forced pseudoscientists to admit that “The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.”

Trump knows that the CDC has virtually ignored the facts about food energy-dependent amino acid substitutions via the use of these meaningless words: “vulnerable,” “entitlement,” “diversity,” “transgender,” “fetus,” “evidence-based” “science-based” “fetus” and “transgender.”

In the language of serious scientists, these words cannot be linked to what happens when the virus-driven theft of quantized energy causes a change in one base pair that leads to one amino acid substitution in a virus. Simply put, the change in the virus is linked to constraint breaking mutations. And the change in a virus causes all pathology in all cells of all hosts. Eventually, all human hosts die from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA.

Trump knows that. He also knows that viruses cause suicide and glioblastoma in veterans who have served overseas. (SARCASM ALERT: That does not mean he is required to tell John McCain.) But, the facts have been discussed in the context of articles published in the American Legion Magazine.

It is a wonder that everyone does not know about the virus-driven activation of the death gene, since the death gene was discovered about 20 years ago by researchers at Abcam. Since then the discovery has been linked to this report: Redox-sensitive alteration of replisome architecture safeguards genome integrity.

Whose going to explain how John McCain gets cured — if he is not sacrificed for the sake of the CDC?

If you are easily bored by details but want to learn about what science advisors are telling President Trump, see: Epigenetic modifications poster (Just kidding. If you are bored by the details you won’t look at the details in the poster.) Instead, you are more likely to compare the President of the United States to Hitler, when Trump knows enough about epigenetics to try and help all serious scientists to protect us from the next viral apocalypse, and to protect us from the practice of corporate medicine, which is an assault on our freedom.

Epistasis biophysically constrains viral latency. The constraints are food energy-dependent and pheromone-controlled. All serious scientists have known that since this article was published in 1994. [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)]

Two of Eugene Daev’s subsequent works cited my award-winning publications, yet I have been unfriended on Facebook by many who will continue to not face the facts known to Trump and to all serious scientists in the world.

See for example: Chemosignals from isolated females have antimutagenic effect in dividing the cells of bone marrow from male mice of the CBA strain (2014)

Humans also have various pheromone-induced physiological effects, especially those associated with reproduction [46, 47]. This suggests that the human olfactory system is still an effective pathway for influencing environmental factors on the human nervous system.

[46] is Kohl, J.V., Atzmueller, M., Fink, B., and Grammer, K., Human pheromones: integrating neuroendocrinology and ethology, Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 2001, vol. 22, pp. 309–321.
See also: Effect of two pyrazine-containing chemosignals on cells of bone marrow and testes in male house mice (Mus musculus L.)

The induction of genetic instability leading to a higher genetic heterogeneity in cells of vital tissues and organs may differentially change
the fitness of animals and their progeny. Such olfactory effects can affect rates of microevolutionary transformations [5]. With regard to the conservatism and the significant role of the chemical communication in a wide range of mammals, including Homo sapiens [25], we believe extremely promising the study of genetic mechanisms underlying regulation of reproduction and immunity by volatiles that work through the olfactory system.

25 is Kohl, J.V., The Mind’s Eyes, J. Psychol. Human Sexual., 2007, vol. 18, pp. 313–369. (Concurrently published as this award-winning book chapter from the Handbook of the Evolution of Human Sexuality: The Mind’s Eyes: Human pheromones, neuroscience, and male sexual preferences.)
My former FB friends and others have the freedom to claim that I am a crank, because veterans suffered and died to protect your freedom.
See for contrast: One crank dies, another rises to take his place
I have the freedom to continue to defend the country from the claims of biologically uniformed science idiots (i.e., PZ Myers) and anyone who compares Trump to Hitler.

BANNED: CDC Gets List Of ‘Forbidden Words’ From The Trump Administration

Activists immediately accused the Administration of censorship, even hysterically comparing the Administration’s move to Orwell’s “1984” and Adolf Hitler’s efforts to control information in Nazi Germany.

Despite the CDC’s own director, Dr. Brenda Fitzgerald, insisting the ban did not extend beyond the scope of a handful of budget documents, it was immediately clear to Democrats that the Trump Administration was moving to throttle all scientific research.

Find out who might benefit from a move to throttle all scientific research.
See: Alphagenomix.com and download this sample report. On page 19, the interpretation of results is placed into the context of the food energy-dependent creation of enzymes that are altered by drug therapies. The Trump administration was virtually forced to alter the funding process at CDC by the fact that Jack Szostak’s works with others led to retractions. They thought enzymes could create themselves. Two retractions in 10 years led to the embarrassment of all biologically uninformed theorists.
See “Retraction watch”

A Nobel Laureate has retracted a 2016 paper in Nature Chemistry that explored the origins of life on earth, after discovering the main conclusions were not correct.
In retrospect, we were totally blinded by our belief [in our findings]…we were not as careful or rigorous as we should have been (and as Tivoli was) in interpreting these experiments.

The problem with ridiculous complacency-based beliefs has plagued serious scientists for decades. It was recently placed into the context of claims made by the former President of the USA.

Obama warns of complacency, notes rise of Hitler

Despite the democracy of the Weimar Republic, Adolph Hitler rose to power, he continued.

“Sixty million people died. … So, you’ve got to pay attention. And vote.”

While some could see the remark as a veiled jab at President Trump, Obama did not mention Trump by name during the event, according to the newspaper.

Now, the claims others are making link Obama’s claims to complaints about the fact that Trump took actions against the misinformation coming from the CDC. The complaints are predictably linked to Hitler’s censorship via: Godwin’s Law —

(or Godwin’s rule of Hitler analogies)[1][2] is an Internet adage that asserts that “As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Hitler approaches 1”;[2][3] that is, if an online discussion (regardless of topic or scope) goes on long enough, sooner or later someone will compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or his deeds.

The former President of the USA was caught in a thinly veiled attack on President Trump, and that attack was based on Obama’s ignorance — or based on his motives. What motives? Godwin’s Law existe only the context of pseudoscientific nonsense. That nonsense includes nothing known to the serious scientists who are physicists, chemists, biologists, or polymaths ( e.g., some medical laboratory scientists).
See for comparison: Caught in the act: Papillomaviruses promote non-melanoma skin cancer November 30, 2017

…papillomaviruses associated with UV light promote the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. The investigators provide an explanation why the viruses can be detected in benign human cancer precursors but not in advanced carcinoma.

Everyone is infected with skin-typical (“cutaneous”) human papillomaviruses (HPV) at some point in their lives, usually in early childhood already. In healthy people, the immune system can fight off the viruses, but this often changes in older age.

Those claims about biophysically constrained viral latency were used as the basis for development and use of the HPV vaccine at a time when all serious scientists knew this: “The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.” Did I mention that before more than 60 times? See: Search Results for “The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site”
The anti-entropic effect of virucidal sunlight links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to healthy longevity. That fact was presciently detailed in “What is Life?” (1944).

The fact that virucidal light links the food energy-dependent biophysically constrained pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to epistasis was placed into the context of this 2016 video representation:
What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy (6:37) Published on 30 Mar 2016

Abstract:

The anti-entropic force of virucidal ultraviolet light links guanine–cytosine (G⋅C) Watson–Crick base pairing from hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution to supercoiled DNA, which protects the organized genomes of all living genera from virus-driven entropy. For example, protection of DNA from permanent UV damage occurs in the context of photosynthesis and nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to DNA repair. In the context of thermodynamic cycles of protein biosynthesis and degradation, DNA repair enables the de novo creation of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Olfactory receptor genes are GPCRs. The de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes links chemotaxis and phototaxis from foraging behavior to social behavior in species from microbes to humans. Foraging behavior links ecological variation to ecological adaptation in the context of this atoms to ecosystems model of biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Protein folding chemistry links nutrient-dependent microRNAs from microRNA flanking sequences to energy transfer and cell type differentiation in the context of adhesion proteins, and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy.

If you do not understand the experimentally established facts from this presentation, please use caution if you attempt to compare the President of the USA to Hitler. If you tell me I am being disrespectful or condesending, you may be more embarrassed than Nobel Laureate, Jack Szostak, and be subjected to more ridicule than Neil deGrasse Tyson, who was politely called a big ass by the research group that published Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA.
All structural diversity is energy-dependent and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction links feedback loops from biophysically constrained viral latency to healthy longevity in all living genera.

See also:
Workshop on Quantum Effects in Biological Systems has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. This field has… established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.
The CDC has failed to link light-harvesting in biological systems from excitons to protection of organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA in species from bacteria to humans.
That is why Trump is again being compared to Hitler. The biologically uninformed masses failed to perceive the CDC’s censorship. The CDC censorship of works published by serious scientists who have linked physics, chemistry and biology to healthy longevity via the anti-entropic energy-dependent creation of RNA and enzymes has nearly bankrupted the USA due to the costs of health care.
Who will admit that they were fooled by the use of words? Most people think they are more intelligent than that. But most intelligent people can be fooled by pseudoscientists if the pseudoscientists claim to have reached a consensus. But, what other countries base their healthcare policies on the consensus about theories of neo-Darwinists and “Big Bang” cosmologists? What other agencies can be compared to the CDC and our NIH?
See also: Science’s credibility crisis: why it will get worse before it can get better

Several other instances of bad science have gained attention in the media. The problems in “priming research”, relevant to marketing and advertising, prompted Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman to issue a publicised statement of concern about the wave of failed replication.

And a study on “power poses”, which claimed that body posture influences a person’s hormones level and “feelings of power” went first viral on TED when it was published – then again when its replication failed.

We are observing two new phenomena. On the one hand doubt is shed on the quality of entire scientific fields or sub-fields. On the other this doubt is played out in the open, in the media and blogosphere.

I dedicate this effort from the blogosphere to an attempt to reduce the tensions among those who have offered their overwhelming support for the efforts of the American Legion and the American Legion Riders who ride for God and Country.
See also The American Legion Magazine. The December 2017 issue contains another article about the stress-linked reactivation of viruses. This time its about the virus that causes shingles. When the issue is available online, see “Reactivation” by Beth W. Orenstein, and link biophysically constrained viral latency to healthy longevity via the food you eat and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Ask yourself “What would President Trump do?” And remember, your donations to the American Legion don not support corporate medical practices. They are used to help those who served their country and lived to continue protecting your freedom. Remember them, and everyone who has ever died trying to protect others.

–by Wade Youmans (Read 9/09/17 before the 9/11 Memorial Ride of the American Legion Riders–pictured above)
Remembrance
It is a moral obligation, yea indeed, a most solemn moral and spiritual duty.
To remember.
To remember is to hold fast to that which is truly important, that which is precious in the wisdom of the heart and mind.
By remembering and reflecting, upon things, objects, individual persons, anything material and physical, Which is no more, that which is no more in the mortal sense is yet sustained and can endure.
Far better to remember and reflect, even if that is painful for the heart and mind.
To forget, to blissfully disregard and discard, is a disservice to that which is gone, and ’tis a disservice to one’s own heart and mind.
For remembrance is a needful, essential endeavor for the vitality of the heart and mind, for the whole of the human spirit.

Black chicken wire over the bus windows. The odor, the heat, the tropical humidity.

“All the wounded are in the emergency room. They’re sending these sick guys to my unit. They were dehydrated. They were dirty. There was vomit. Wounds weren’t visible, but their suffering was acute and there wouldn’t be any Purple Hearts passed out for their near-death experience.

Nature’s magic helps veterans in transition

Nature’s magic” was placed into the context of the evolution of differences in H2. See: https://phys.org/news/2017-11-chemists-reveal-mechanism-dihydrogen-production.html

Excerpt: “This work is a critical step toward a mechanistic understanding of the nitrogenase enzyme. There is still work to be done to understand the mechanism of the other H2 evolution process that leads to N2 binding, activation, and reduction to NH3.”

Please help serious scientists stop those who are still touting the magic of evolution by learning how autophagy helps to protect all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA.

Autophagy is the link from the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to the creation of enzymes and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which has been linked to all biophysically constrained biodiversity. For example, food energy links error-free DNA repair to all healthy longevity and the virus-driven theft of quantized energy links mutations to all pathology.

Keep in mind that as a member of the American Legion Riders, I ride for God and Country, not for Nature’s magic. Also, with 40 years experience as a medical laboratory scientist, I learned enough about the potential of hydrogen (pH) to realize that the potential did not “evolve.”

See also: https://aeon.co/essays/science-and-metaphysics-must-work-together-to-answer-lifes-deepest-questions
Metaphysics of metamorphosis

The swarming, ever-changing character of the living world challenges our deepest assumptions about the nature of reality

Excerpt: …‘physiologists in general never trouble themselves about such things because they suppose themselves to be above “metaphysics” when in fact they are only a very little above it – being up to the neck in it’.
Those who have failed to link the metaphysics of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency, have failed to link the virus-driven theft of quantized energy to the death gene by what is known to serious scientists.
For example, see: Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166303/
When a member of the American Legion suffers and prematurely dies from the same virus-caused pathology that has not yet claimed the life of John McCain, ask yourself what is known about the life and death of all veterans who served overseas. Stop letting politics kill more veterans.
Support the Trump administrations efforts to make America great, again. They can do it without your support, but that probably will not end well for you. This is not about Trump’s behavior or about the behavior of anyone else.

An antagonist from Canada complained about Trump’s so-called censorship of the CDC and said his “tactics” didn’t work in Canada. I claim that similar tactics are always effective. The truth hurts but it only hurts those who believed they could keep touting pseudoscientific nonsense. Not only did Canadians get rid of the “transgender” nonsense, they helped to nearly stop James Cantor from promoting pedophilia as another form of sexual orientation.

See: Is pedophilia a sexual orientation?
See also: Latest on scientist who mainstreamed pedophilia

See: Infamous Reparative Therapy Clinic For Transgender Youth Set To Close
Two years ago, I wrote:

The misrepresentations of the issues are out of control.

Excerpt: GIC’s “developmental model” was backwards. It blamed symptoms like depression and anxiety on the gender non-conforming behavior itself, rather than on the stigma attached to it or the conflict of not being able to fulfill one’s gender identity. This philosophy allowed the clinic to claim it was treating these negative mental health outcomes without affirming the trans behavior.”

My comment: They never had a developmental model. At best they had a philosophy based on ridiculous theories that never included anything known to serious scientists about the biological basis of cell type differentiation. These clinicians, like most sex researchers, never learned anything about links from nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated events to behavior.

For example, RNA-directed DNA methylation and RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions link sexual orientation in yeasts to sex differences in the morphological and the behavioral phenotypes of humans via conserved molecular mechanisms. We detailed that fact in the context of our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review.

Despite the extension of our molecular epigenetics section and the model of hormone-organized and hormone-activated developmental differences across species from insects to other primates, psychologists and many psychiatrists continued to link their philosophies and theories to damaging practices.

Like the practice of medicine, outcomes are more predictable if they are based on what is known about RNA-mediated cell type differences. Fixation of nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in some patient populations compared to others allows clinicians to predict whether a medication will do more harm than good in the context of what is known about pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. Fixation of RNA-amino acid substitutions in individuals of different species is also linked to their nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproductive sexual behavior in species from microbes to man.

That fact has been known to serious scientists for several decades. It is the reason that other careers will be ruined until people like Ken Zucker accept the our model of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation instead of continuing to ignore details of the biologically-based development of personal preferences published in From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996).

Cytosis can be used to teach everything from base editing to RNA editing to everyone over age 10. They will learn how to link the creation of energy to biophysically constrained viral latency via the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction.

Exposing the 2nd Law to more ridicule (1)

December 6, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy base editing biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy microRNA editing Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA editing RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations What's in the News

Summary: Experiment demonstrates quantum mechanical effects from biological system

After 1944, Richard P. Feynman took a stand against the human idiocy, and lost. He was not killed, just ignored.

Ignorance prevails. It always has. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA ensures that organized genomes continue to become less organized and that biologically uninformed theorists continue to tout pseudoscientific nonsense.

New Genes and Functional Innovation in Mammals 21 July 2017

We identify several previously described cases of genes originated de novo from noncoding genomic regions, supporting the idea that this mechanism frequently underlies the evolution of new protein-coding genes in mammals. Finally, we show that most young mammalian genes are preferentially expressed in testis, suggesting that sexual selection plays an important role in the emergence of new functional genes.

Reported as: Genes identified that distinguish mammals from other animals 4 December 2017

They have also identified antimicrobial peptides, which participate in the body’s defence against pathogens.

The energy-dependent creation of “…antimicrobial peptides, which participate in the body’s defence against pathogens” already was linked from the sense of smell in bacteria to the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction and biophysically constrained viral latency, which protects all organized genomes from the degradation of messenger RNA. False assumptions about entropy for comparison to experimental evidence of the de novo creation of genes have been placed into the context of the “arrow of time.”

Scientists Experimentally Demonstrate the “Reversal of the Arrow of Time” 4 December 2017

Through a remarkable experiment, an international team of scientists has found that it is possible to reverse the arrow of time without violating the second law of thermodynamics.

Pseudoscientists need no longer consider anything that cannot be linked to this experimental evidence of top-down energy-dependent causation and biophysically constrained viral latency/genomic entropy. Thank God, nothing but experimental evidence of the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight has ever been considered by those who have linked feedback loops from odors and pheromones to all biodiversity on Earth.
See: QuEBS workshop

…has established itself as an outstanding stage to present the research in the intersection of physics, chemistry and biology. This field has been developed in Lithuania for more than 20 years already. The beginnings could be associated with a series of “Light-harvesting Physics” international conferences, which were held in Lithuania (in Preila, 1992 and 1994, and in Birštonas, 1996). During these conferences, discussion of notable scientists and pioneers of Quantum Biology, such as Graham R. Fleming, Shaul Mukamel, Rienk van Grondelle, Richard Cogdell, Alfred Holzwarth and others, established excitons in biology as the “must-talk-language” when describing the quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems.

Quantum effects in biological light-harvesting systems have been linked from the de novo creation of sunlight to answers about all biophysically constrained biodiversity via Schrodinger’s What is Life? (1944).

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.) (pp. 73 and 74)

See for comparison: 7/25/13 Jay R. Feierman:

Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.

See also: What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy (video) 30 Mar 2016

See for comparison: On causal roles and selected effects: our genome is mostly junk December 5, 2017

The idea that much of our genome is irrelevant to fitness—is not the product of positive natural selection at the organismal level—remains viable.

Conclusion:

That is to say, many of our uniquely human traits are probably the contingent products of drift and historical accidents—they make us us, but were not selected to have that, or necessarily any, effect. So we are back to Ohno’s conundrum. If lungfishes have junk, or at the least extraordinarily weakly or diffusely functional DNA in their genomes, why is it that we think we do not?

The concept of “junk DNA” is inconsistent with anything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent biophysically constrained viral latency. Feedback loops link top-down causation to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction via RNA-mediated fixation of amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of all living genera.
See: Understanding and accounting for relational context is critical for social neuroscience
My comment: New data on how genetic predispositions are epigenetically linked to phenotypically distinct neuroanatomy and behaviors is provided in the honeybee model. Across-species comparisons from insects to vertebrates clearly show that the epigenetic influence of food odors and pheromones continues throughout the life of organisms that collectively survive whereas individuals do not. These comparisons also attest to the relative salience of sensory input from the rearing environment. For example, when viewed from the consistency of animal models and conditioned behaviors, food odors are obviously more important to food selection than is our visual perception of food. Animal models affirm that food odor makes food either appealing or unappealing. Animal models reaffirm that it is the pheromones of other animals that makes them either appealing or unappealing.
“Socioaffective neuroscience and psychology may progress more quickly by keeping these apparent facts in mind: Olfaction and odor receptors provide a clear evolutionary trail that can be followed from unicellular organisms to insects to humans (Keller et al., 2007; Kohl, 2007; Villarreal, 2009; Vosshall, Wong, & Axel, 2000).”

— Kohl, JV (2012) Human pheromones and food odors: epigenetic influences on the socioaffective nature of evolved behaviors Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 2012 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24693349

George F R Ellis This is absolutely correct and forms part of the larger concept that top-down causation is a key factor not just in the way the brain works but in broader contexts in biology and even physics. This is explored here: [Top-down causation: an integrating theme within and across the sciences?] http://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/1.toc 25 Apr 2014 at 07:49am
See also: What Bacteria Can Tell Us About Human Evolution December 5, 2017

See for comparison: Learning from Bacteria about Natural Information Processing
The link from biological light-harvesting systems to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans exemplifies everything known to serious scientists about biophysically constrained viral latency, which links ecological variation to ecological adaptations in the context of physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics. The facts refute all neo-Darwinian nonsense and the nonsense touted by “Big Bang” cosmologists.
Sunlight is quantized energy as information and it is virucidal.
See also: Generation of photonic entanglement in green fluorescent proteins

…our prepared state is free from environmental decoherence because of the protective β-barrel structure that encapsulates the fluorophore in the protein. Our photonic entanglement generation and characterization indicate that the SFWM process in EGFP is a promising quantum process for developing quantum spectroscopic techniques and quantum-enhanced measurements in biological materials.

Reported as: Experiment demonstrates quantum mechanical effects from biological system

Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology.

Schrödinger (1944) linked the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in soil bacteria to all biodiversity. He then began to suspect that his colleagues, who displayed human idiocy, would kill him.
After 1944, Richard P. Feynman took a stand against human idiocy, and lost. He was not killed, just ignored.

Ignorance prevails. It always has. The virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA ensures that organized genomes continue to become less organized and that biologically uninformed theorists continue to tout pseudoscientific nonsense.

See for comparison: Microbiome-Centric Human Health: A Call for Systems Biology
Stop calling for more microbiome-centric systems biology and link what is known about energy-dependent changes in electrons to ecosystems in all living genera via pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained viral latency.
See: [Pheromonal regulation of genetic processes: research on the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)] 1994

A study of the influence of pheromone stressor(s) on proliferating germ and somatic cells was performed on laboratory lines of house mouse in the context of the physiological hypothesis of mutation process, proposed by M.E. Lobashev in 1947. Data from experiments are presented, and results obtained during last 10-15 years are discussed. The adaptive role of cytogenetic and other observed pheromonal effects is considered. The possible existence of interorganism systems of genetic regulation is discussed, the search for and study of which may help in more complete understanding of the regularities of functioning of genetic material.

A rendering of how changes in an electron's motion (bottom view) alter the scattering of light (top view), as measured in a new experiment that scattered more than 500 photons of light from a single electron. Previous experiments had managed to scatter no more than a few photons at a time. Credit: Extreme Light Laboratory|University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Cryo-EM: More than a suggestion

October 24, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Diseases & Disorders Ecology Variations

Cryo-EM imaging suggests how the double helix separates during replication October 23, 2017

Details in the structure not previously seen reveal how various protein subunits of the twin hexamers latch on to the double helix, via tiny loop-like structures.

What are the subunits of protein?

The subunits of proteins are called amino acids.

I will not stop saying that cryo-EM links what is known about energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance from electrons to ecosystems via fixation of amino acid substitutions in the context of the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction, which has been linked to all biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity.

And, obviously, serious scientists are not going to stop confirming that fact.

See: Noguchi Y et al, “Cryo-EM structure of Mcm2-7 double hexamer on DNA suggests a lagging-strand DNA extrusion model” appears in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of October 23, 2017.

Predicting who wins the 2017 Nobel Prizes (5)

October 3, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy Model Organisms Nutrigenomics Physics Subatomic

Summary: If he was not still dead, the 1965 Nobel Laureate, Richard P. Feynman might claim that this year’s Physics Prize was awarded for “human idiocy.”
Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, pronounced in 1916, suggested that matter and energy would warp the geometry of space-time the way a heavy sleeper sags a mattress, producing the effect we call gravity. His equations described a universe in which space and time were dynamic.

Other claims in this article appear to arise in the context of the emergence of energy from nothing with no mention of the biophysical constraints that link food energy from electrons to ecosystems via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans.

If he was not still dead, the 1965 Nobel Laureate, Richard P. Feynman might claim that this year’s Physics Prize was awarded for “human idiocy.”

See:

Facts about Einstein’s “General Theory” have since been validated with experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect. See: Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception

The energy-dependent de novo creation of G protein-coupled receptors, such as odor receptors, links the sense of smell in bacteria to the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction, which links changes in chirality to autophagy. Autophagy links what organisms eat to cell type differentiation via amino acid substitutions that link our visual perception of energy and mass to the feedback loops that link what organisms eat to their behavior.

Experimental proof of concept might require the sacrifice of one mammal. If it can find a mass of energy that is biophysically constrained in a source of food, it must also eat the food and survive to reproduce. Foraging and reproduction occur in the context of facts presented in Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction (co-authored by 2004 Nobel Laureate, Linda Buck).

If an organism cannot find the food and eat it, entropy must clearly be linked to its death unless it is among the individuals of a species that mutated and evolved from a common ancestor. For comparison, theories about common ancestors can be linked to the billion dollar LIGO “black hole” project and to this year’s Nobel Laureates in Physics.

I encourage others who live on Earth to do that in the context of a money-saving effort to save all humanity from death that will be caused by the virus-driven entropy of organized genomes.

See for details: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game

A board game taking place inside a human cell! Players compete to build enzymes, hormones and receptors and fend off attacking Viruses!

The Origin of Information (4)

August 4, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations biophotonics Cytosis Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Summary: Others have learned that the energy in a hydrogen atom must be linked to all biodiversity on Earth.
The question is: “Where did the energy in the hydrogen atom come from?”
See: The Origin of Information (3)
Finally, someone is asking questions that can be summarized in one question (see below). Until now, on the International Society for Human Ethology’s Yahoo group, and elsewhere, the moderator: Jay R. Feierman has prevented the dissemination of accurate information on this topic. Now others have learned that the energy in a hydrogen atom must be linked to all biodiversity on Earth.
The question is: “Where did the energy in the hydrogen atom come from?”
See the discussion attempt at: 88233 Re: DNA Begins As a Quantum Wave, According to New Science

Excerpt: Much of the information in this article came from The Synchronicity Key: The Hidden Intelligence Guiding The Universe and You

Conclusion: Clearly though, our view of the universe and life itself is changing as these concepts are understood by more people each day.

The fact that DNA begins as a quantum wave linked to biophysically constrained amino acid substitutions was addressed in the context of: Codon identity regulates mRNA stability and translation efficiency during the maternal-to-zygotic transition
Natural selection for quantized energy-dependent codon optimality and the stability of messenger RNA during transgenerational epigenetic inheritance has since been placed into the context of experimental evidence reported as Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception.
See also the series of presentations at virtual conferences that began with: The Origin of Information: How to Solve It.
When I realized that people might not understand that the origin of information must be linked from quantum waves to RNA-mediated healthy longevity and from virus-driven energy theft to all pathology, I split the original presentation submission into two parts. The revised title was RNA mediated molecular epigenetics and virus driven entropy.
From hydrogen atom transfer in DNA base pairs to ecosystems was presented during the same virtual conference.
Several more presentations added information about top-down energy-dependent RNA-mediated biologically-based biodiversity. For example, this may be my final presentation at Labroots virtual conferences Energy as Information and Constrained Endogenous RNA Interference
The journalists from Labroots have ignored my presentations despite a series of my comments on their attempt to continue touting pseudoscientific nonsense about neo-Darwinian theories. It seems unlikely that any science journalist will admit to their overwhelming ignorance.
See for comparison:168949 From the evolutionary psychology Yahoo group. Re: DNA Begins As a Quantum Wave, According to New Science
Jay R. Feierman admits:

This claim is above my level of expertise to refute. It comes from a peer reviewed article in The American Chemical Society’s Journal of Physical Chemistry B. See below, which is taken from https://phys.org/news/2008-01-genetic-telepathy-bizarre-property-dna.html.

“Scientists are reporting evidence that intact, double-stranded DNA has the “amazing” ability to recognize similarities in other DNA strands from a distance. And then like friends with similar interests, the bits of genetic material hangout or congregate together. The recognition — of similar sequences in DNA’s chemical subunits — occurs in a way once regarded as impossible, the researchers suggest in a study scheduled for the Jan. 31 issue of ACS’ Journal of Physical Chemistry B”.
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2008-01-genetic-telepathy-bizarre-property-dna.html#jCp

There are many things in physics and physical chemistry that seem incredulous to me. That includes some of the claims of quantum mechanics. What about the Penrose Hameroff Theory of Quantum Consciousness. See http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/sites/default/files/1998%20Hameroff%20Quantum%20Computation%20in%20Brain%20Microtubules%20The%20Penrose%20Hameroff%20Orch%20OR%20model%20of%20consciousness%20-%20Royal%20Society_0.pdf.

On several occasions, Feierman has threatened to ban me from the Human Ethology Yahoo Group. Then, he simply fails to post my comments when they do not support his nonsense.
I’ve added some comments to this discussion because it seems to be progressing nicely at a time after Feierman has admitted he knows virtually nothing about biophysically constrained biologically based RNA-mediated cell type differentiation.
See: Discus for discussion of

How to teach evolution when students hold creationist views

Feierman, and others like him, have been teaching neo-Darwinian theories either directly or indirectly. But Feierman’s nonsense has consistently been the most offensive to me personally. After publication of my 2013 review, I attempted to discuss the refutation of neo-Darwinian nonsense he had been touting since I first met him at a conference in 1995.
His responses to Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model include:
7/25/13
Jay R. Feierman: Variation is not nutrient availability and the something that is doing the selecting is not the individual organism. A feature of an educated person is to realize what they do not know. Sadly, you don’t know that you have an incorrect understanding [of] Darwinian biological evolution.
7/26/13
Jay R. Feierman: I am absolutely certain that if you showed this statement to any professor of biology or genetics in any accredited university anywhere in the world that 100% of them would say that “Random mutations are the substrate upon which directional natural selection acts” is a correct and true statement.
Now, he admits, albeit elsewhere, that he knows nothing about how food energy as quantized information must be linked to healthy longevity via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction, or be linked from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA to mutations and all pathology.
See also this example of a false dichotomy: Scholars who believe nurture trumps nature also tend to doubt the scientific method

One group, made up of psychologists, economists, philosophers and political scientists believes more strongly in the genetic influences on behaviour, beliefs and culture. The other group, consisting sociologists, non-evolutionary anthropologists, women’s and gender studies scholars and all humanities scholars (except philosophy), believes in the primacy of environmental influences.

No Genetics without Epigenetics? No Biology without Systems Biology?

…there has never been a genetics without an epigenetics.

Energy-dependent changes link the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of supercoiled DNA, which protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA that all serious scientists have linked from mutations to all pathology in all living genera.
See: microRNA for more than 63,000 examples of that fact.

Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference (3)

February 5, 2017

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Autophagy biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Light Energy Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Physics RNA Directed RNA interference RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

The Scope (Febrary 4, 2017)

On World Cancer Day, we’re featuring some of the most exciting research developments of the past year. First up? Yoshinori Ohsumi, Nobel laureate, whose research could save your life.

2016 Nobel Prize Winner Yoshinori Ohsumi’s Discoveries Could Change How We Treat Disease

His initial work, first started in 1992, focused on the genes behind the autophagy process in yeast cells. Autophagy, however, has implications for several human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and diabetes.

Autophagy is the energy-dependent link from chirality to endogenous RNA interference in species from bacteria to humans. Examples of how virus-driven energy theft is linked to all pathology can be found when bacteria become archaea or in the context of the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of Zika virus-damaged DNA in human infants.

The molecular mechanisms of nutrient energy-dependent feedback loops that link quorum sensing to protection of supercoiled DNA from entropy do not vary across species. They are biophysically constrained by the physiology of reproduction. All serious scientists know that. Only pseudoscientists and other theorists have been stuck touting neo-Darwinian theories.

See for comparison, my FB group: RNA-mediated RNA-mediated currently has 815 members.

Description:

Light energy is quantized information. The information links physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics from…”

…the works of 2016 Nobel Laureate Ben Feringa to the works of 1933 Nobel Laureate Thomas Morgan Hunt, and the works of Schrodinger/Dirac who shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics. Taken together, the refutation of neo-Darwinian nonsense about mutation-driven evolution has left theorists with no excuse.

Clearly, they should have examined the experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect sometime during the 20th century and stopped touting ridiculous theories based on their definitions and assumptions. If The Scope adds a report on the works of Ben Feringa, everyone could see that neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense has prevailed since 1933. The facts have been ignored and/or replaced with alternative facts.

See for comparison: Gamma oscillations organize top-down signalling to hypothalamus and enable food seeking

Reported as: Gamma oscillations coordinate food seeking

Gamma oscillations organize communication in hypothalamus

Optogenetics helped to shed light on neuronal mechanisms

Food seeking independent of food consumption

The section heads (above) confirm that energy as information must be linked from what organisms eat to their biophysically constrained physiology of reproduction by the metabolism of food to pheromones. However, there is no mention of the fact that pheromones control the physiology of reproduction in species from bacteria to humans.

See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

Anyone who takes biologically-based cause and effect outside the context of the feedback loops has also failed to link chirality from autophagy to biodiversity in the context of species-specific survival via the chemistry of protein folding.

See: Multipurpose Plant Sensors Startle Scientists

Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory built a catalyst that mimics nature’s hydrogen-splitting enzymes—working reversibly at room temperature and pressure without added energy. This was achieved by stabilizing the catalyst’s structure by attaching an amino acid…

This means they could also link the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy from the speed of light on contact with water to chirality and autophagy, which link the physiology of reproduction from supercoiled DNA to all biodiversity via hydrogen atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution and endogenous RNA interference.

See for comparison: Coevolutionary dynamics of phenotypic diversity and contingent cooperation

How to understand the emergence and persistence of cooperation is a key problem in evolutionary biology [1–12], since individuals sticking to cooperation produce benefits to others at a cost to themselves.

Reported as: Study finds mutual reinforcement of phenotypic diversity and cooperation

A new model exploring how evolutionary dynamics work in natural selection has found that phenotypic diversity, or an organism’s observable traits, co-evolves with contingent cooperation when organisms with like traits work together to protect themselves from outsiders, according to a Dartmouth-led study published in PLOS Computational Biology. The study also finds that diversity helps prevent the collapse of cooperation.

What is known about natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality makes their claims about evolutionary dynamics as useless as James Shapiro’s claims about “Natural Genetic Engineering.” He links whatever that is to evolutionary time outside the context of anything known to serious scientists about energy-dependent biophysically constrained protein folding chemistry, which links endogenous RNA interference to supercoiled DNA.

See: How Living Organisms Make Genetic Edits

In this lecture presented by the American Society for Microbiology, you can learn about how and why modifications to genomes happen in living organisms. It was thought that genomic changes primarily occurred because of errors. But cells are able to adapt; they can make alterations to meet demands brought on by their conditions.

Nutrient energy-dependent amino acid substitutions in supercoiled DNA protect all organized genomes from virus-driven energy theft and genomic entropy. The title of Shapiro’s lecture is appropriate for those who want to think in terms of how life emerged and everything automagically evolved to change itself, but the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense he include in 38 minutes may be difficult to bear.

It is a report on a published work from March 2016. Mitochondria operate as signaling platforms in yeast aging

Rarely do we see science journalists and pseudoscientists like Jame Shapiro collaborate in attempts to keep touting the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian theories. The yeast model of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation was in clouded in our 1996 review and linked to biologically based cause and effect in other model organisms. See: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior. Ignoring the claims we made in our section on molecular epigenetics has become increasingly annoying.

For comparison, read What is Life? and watch What is life when it is not protected from virus-driven entropy.

See also: Fake news, which includes ridiculous posts like this from Matti Pitkanen Why metabolism and what happens in bio-catalysis?

Energy-dependent de novo creation and neurogenesis

December 8, 2016

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations Alternative Splicings Diseases & Disorders Ecology RNA Directed RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA-mediated toxicity RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Developmentally defined forebrain circuits regulate appetitive and aversive olfactory learning

reported as: When neurons are ‘born’ impacts olfactory behavior in mice

My summary:

The de novo creation of different cell types is placed into the context of their energy-dependent birth and the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of molecular mechanisms that link virus-driven energy theft to all pathology via olfaction, food odors, and human pheromones.

See for comparison: Metabolism and neurogenesis

…it seems quite obvious that cellular metabolism determining for example the cell’s energy status will be linked to NSPC activity and neuronal differentiation processes, as cell division and differentiation are associated with an increase in cell volume and biomass production and require substantial amounts of energy for DNA replication and organelle synthesis [7].

…the underlying amino acid sequence can vary slightly for each of the 400 receptor proteins, resulting in one or more variants for each of the receptors.

See my comments:

1) The truth revealed in the context of amino acid substitutions is that the theory of mutation-driven evolution does not make sense and it never did.

See for example: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model

“…the epigenetic ‘tweaking’ of the immense gene networks that occurs via exposure to nutrient chemicals and pheromones can now be modeled in the context of the microRNA/messenger RNA balance, receptor-mediated intracellular signaling, and the stochastic gene expression required for nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution.”

One reason you may not know this yet is that you were taught to believe in a theory that was never supported by experimental evidence from any species.
See for review: An experimental test on the probability of extinction of new genetic variants.

2) For contrast, note the insistence by the moderator of the International Society for Human Ethology’s yahoo group. He thinks that random mutations are the substrates on which directional natural selection acts. This is what happened when I told him that natural selection is for food:

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/human-ethology/conversations/topics/48182

Jay R. Feierman, best known to me for his ridiculous question: “What about birds?” wrote:

“It is very sad for me to see that when several different people on this group, all with doctorate degrees, tell you that you are not correct, you don’t consider that they might be telling you something helpful. Instead, you respond with arrogance and ignorance. I’ll add my voice to the other people on this group who have told you that you are not correct in terms of your understanding of what “variation” means in Darwinian biological evolution and what is doing the selecting. Variation is not nutrient availability…”

All experimental evidence of biologically-based energy-dependent cause and effect has proved that Jay R. Feierman and others like him are biologically uninformed and that they choose to remain that way. This evidence from December 2012 shows that nutrient availability is the only variant that can be directly linked from the energy-dependent physiology of reproduction in bacteria to neurogenesis in the human brain!

Addressing sex as a biological variable

Each new misrepresentation of biophysically constrained cell type differentiation outside the context of energy-dependent differences or sex as a biological variable must be viewed in the context of how theorists must continue to try to deceive those who might otherwise become serious scientists.
In this case, the journal article about the TET proteins, Tet proteins influence the balance between neuroectodermal and mesodermal fate choice by inhibiting Wnt signaling, claims: “…Wnt3 was shown to activate Nodal expression directly through its proximal epiblast enhancer at the gastrulation stage (58, 59).”
58. Blaschke, K., Ebata, K. T., Karimi, M. M., Zepeda-Martinez, J. A., Goyal, P., Mahapatra, S., et al. (2013). Vitamin C induces Tet-dependent DNA demethylation and a blastocyst-like state in ES cells. Nature, 500(7461), 222-226.
59. Hashimoto, H., Pais, J. E., Zhang, X., Saleh, L., Fu, Z.-Q., Dai, N., et al. (2013). Structure of a Naegleria Tet-like dioxygenase in complex with 5-methylcytosine DNA. [Letter]. Nature.
If you are not told that the epiblast enhancers must first link nutrient energy-dependent changes in base pairs to cell type differentiation via RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions before the structure of functional proteins can be linked to anything else, you are less likely to learn that fixation of the substitutions in organized genomes only occurs via the physiology of reproduction. The pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction links the metabolism of nutrients to all morphological and behavioral diversity in species from microbes to humans via the conserved molecular mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
There is no question that transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is nutrient-dependent and pheromone-controlled is species from microbes to humans. That fact is now appearing in articles co-authored by the guest editors of a special issue of “Nutrients” who invited me to submit this review of nutritional epigenetics.

Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man. Species diversity is a biologically-based nutrient-dependent morphological fact and species-specific pheromones control the physiology of reproduction. The reciprocal relationships of species-typical nutrient-dependent morphological and behavioral diversity are enabled by pheromone-controlled reproduction. Ecological variations and biophysically constrained natural selection of nutrients cause the behaviors that enable ecological adaptations. Species diversity is ecologically validated proof-of-concept. Ideas from population genetics, which exclude ecological factors, are integrated with an experimental evidence-based approach that establishes what is currently known. This is known: Olfactory/pheromonal input links food odors and social odors from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of species from microbes to man during their development.

My invited review was returned without review. Since then, one of the guest editors incorporated my claims into this: Insights from Space: Potential Role of Diet in the Spatial Organization of Chromosomes Published: 10 December 2014

The other guest editor incorporated my claims into this: The Interaction between Epigenetics, Nutrition and the Development of Cancer Published: 30 January 2015

Many academics clearly cannot be trusted with accurate representations of biophysically constrained biologically-based cause and effect. Unless they have a record of accurate representations they are forced to try to establish a record after-the-fact. For example, see: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model. This is the 2013 published review that led Justin O’Sullivan and Lynnette Ferguson to request the invited review of nutritional epigenetics, which they returned without review.

My model was cited in Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

Future work on O. vulgaris olfaction must also consider how animals acquire the odours detected by the olfactory organ and what kind of odour the olfactory organ perceives. The OL acting as control centre may be target organ for metabolic hormones such as leptin like and insulin like peptides, and olfactory organ could exert regulatory action on the OL via epigenetic effects of nutrients and pheromones on gene expression (Kohl, 2013; Elekonich and Robinson, 2000).

It was also cited in Two fatty acyl reductases involved in moth pheromone biosynthesis (see #10)

Studies over the last two decades have pinpointed that the epigenetic effect of pheromone-driven adaptive evolution is one of the major factors driving the successful diversification of Lepidopteran insects10. In moths, a few substitutions in critical amino acids in the key pheromone biosynthetic enzymes are sufficient to create a novel pheromone component11,12.

If others had not cited my model, which is a refutation of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense, there would be no record of experimentally established facts that link energy-dependent changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance to all cell type differentiation via RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in all invertebrates and vertebrates.

The futility of The Battlefield FB group

December 2, 2016

by James Kohl with No Comment Adaptations Autophagy biophotonics Diseases & Disorders Ecology Human Brain Human Pheromones Light Energy Model Organisms Neuronal Plasticity Nutrigenomics Physics RNA Directed RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations What's in the News

Apparently, Paul Hartley blocked me from further discussion of his OP about dinosaurs and gladiators before I could ask if he thought “The Battlefield” is a “false flag” group. Does anyone else think that?

If so, do you think it can survive publication of experimental evidence that links responsive supramolecular systems to stepwise changes in the assembly of metal complexes via induction of a light-driven rotary motor scaffold akin to the bacterial flagellum of P. fluorescens?

See: Dynamic control of chirality and self-assembly of double-stranded helicates with light

Others are claiming that partial unwrapping of the supercoiled DNA complex precedes the photoisomerization steps, which link energy-dependent autophagy to inversion of the chirality in helicates. That explains how energy-dependent RNA-mediated isomerization establishes the difference between metastable and stable helicates, which links amino acid substitutions to supercoiled DNA, which protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy. For example, supercoiled DNA protects the organized genomes of dinosaurs and gladiators from stress-linked pathology until stress-linked changes in pH overcome the ability of the innate immune systems to protect the organized genomes via the light-induced changes in hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution.
See for comparison: Team combines quantum physics and photosynthesis to make discovery that could lead to highly efficient solar cells

They claim plants evolved to control responses to the sun’s biological energy. As proof of concept their “…design incorporates a heat engine photocell that absorbs photons from the sun and converts the photon energy into electricity.”

Via the comparison of two simple quantum mechanical photocell systems, they found that “…by simply incorporating two photon-absorbing channels, rather than only one, the regulation of energy flow emerges naturally within the photocell.”

They linked the natural emergence of the energy flow in their design to the natural energy of photosynthesis in plants in an attempt to explain how green became the predominant color of plants on Earth. Others found molecular structures that prevent death via the accumulation of excess energy in plants.

The design of the molecular structure of their quantum heat engine photocell is similar to “…the structure of photosynthetic molecules that incorporate pairs of chlorophyll.” But wait. They claimed that the plants evolved molecular mechanisms after the natural emergence of energy flow was linked to photosynthesis and molecular structures that prevent death caused by the accumulation of excess energy.When I see such a convoluted representation of energy-dependent biologically-based cause and effect that does not include any mention of virus-driven energy theft or the physiology of reproduction, I am inclined to call researchers like this “biologically uninformed science idiots.”Many people hate it when I do that. What would you call them? But some of them are plagiarists, too.

See: Modern Science refutes the Evolutionary theory

Tomi Aalto’s blog is a continuation of his plagiarism. His posts can be compared to more than 800 of mine on my domain.

The difference is that Suzan Mazur acknowledged RNA-mediated.com as an information source in her book: Royal Society: The Public Evolution Summit

From page 3: “Some of the social momentum over the last year, in particular, has come via coverage of the evolution discourse in a flurry of books and from these diverse venues…”

James Kohl — RNA-mediated.com

In “Darwin’s Children” (2003) Greg Bear also acknowledged me and the International Paleopsychology Project, where I first encountered him and Eshel Ben-Jacob, who died last year. See this tribute to Eshel’s works.

He mastered the concept of energy-dependent autophagy and linked everything known about Schrodinger’s anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to the nutrient-dependent physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to humans.
Theorists still hate it when that happens, and they continue to tell others who are biologically uninformed that not enough is known to link virus-driven energy theft to all pathology.

What does Tomi Aalto, or any other plagiarist hope to accomplish by taking bits and pieces of my works, or the works of others, without the ability to link the energy-dependent de novo creation of G protein-coupled receptors from energy as information to all biodiversity and also link virus-driven energy theft to all pathology? That inability to link top-down causation to any model of biologically-based cause and effect led to this criticism of my 2013 review.

Criticisms of the nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled evolutionary model

Would it not be more appropriate for others who are not atheistic antagonists to support my claims by citing and discussing my works, rather than make ongoing attempts to establish themselves as experts?

See for examples of what is expected of other serious scientists.

Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

Two fatty acyl reductases involved in moth pheromone biosynthesis also cites Kohl (2013) see #10

Re: Tomi Aalto’s plagiarism and the plagiarism of others.

Larry Kisner Sr. suggested I contact Kevin Anderson in an attempt to publish what I have already published. He also refused — and Mark Armitage ignored my requests — to provide the slide that shows fluorescence in dinosaur osteocytes.

See my comment on the video by Mark Armitage. See also: Future Projects

The Influence of Carbon Dioxide Enhancement on Plant Growth

Thermoregulation in Honey Bees

Fossils of the Coconino Sandstone

Biochemistry and Taxonomy in Pine Trees

The Formation of Multiple Tree Rings in Bristlecone Pine Trees

Each of these projects focuses on aspects of my published and unpublished works that link the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and biophysically constrained cell type differentiation in species from microbes to humans.

See for example: What is life when it is not protected from virus driven entropy (video 6:37 minutes)

Abstract:

Excerpt: SARCASM ALERT

7. They will claim that the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis will have explanatory power when it automagically evolves into a model of top-down causation that links physics and chemistry to the conserved molecular mechanisms of biologically-based cause and effect, which serious scientists have detailed during the past century.

See for comparison:

Analysis of Viral and Cellular MicroRNAs in EBV-Infected Cells

Dual genomes: exposing the evolution industry

Pheromones and longevity in worms (and flies)

I posted this to one of my OPs on “The Battlefield,” which means I may be the next to go. Comparative transcriptomics enlarges the toolkit of known developmental genes in mollusks

For comparison to what is known about the de novo creation of genes in mollusks, Anna Di Cosmo’s group cited my most recent review in Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction.

The facts link my model to biologically-based cause and effect from energy-dependent changes in angstroms to ecosystems in all living genera via the de novo creation of the genetic code. See also: ‘Junk DNA’ Used To Sort Species

Now watch Lenski’s group claim that different species of viruses evolved in one month. Biologists watch speciation in a laboratory flask
Nutrient energy-dependent pheromone-controlled speciation can now be observed in the context of fluorescence, which links ecological variation to morphological and behavioral diversity to chromosomal rearrangements in C. elegans compared to P. pacificus, a predatory nematode with teeth. Researchers find chemical tag that locks chromosomes together during meiosis

The ENEA study proposed that the image may have been created by an intense source of light, but no man-made light would produce the required strength.

Serious scientists have linked femotosecond blasts of UV light to RNA-mediated DNA repair and the repair has been linked via the natural fluorescence in DNA from dinosaur osteocytes to the weekend resurrection of the bacterial flagellum. One could look at the evidence in the discovery at Christ’s tomb from that perspective given the intensity of light energy as information that might be required to Resurrect Him.
For comparison, Lenski’s group has placed everything he knows into the context of evolved species of viruses during a month-long experiment that failed to include anything known about biophysically constrained energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in any living species. Again, see: Biologists watch speciation in a laboratory flask
The bottom line is always whether you choose to believe in theorists or in the evidence of biologically-based cause and effect — no matter when that evidence is discovered or where it is found.

See: Natural Selection on the Olfactory Receptor Gene Family in Humans and Chimpanzees

Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality is the only obvious link to the de novo creation of olfactory receptor genes. And Svante Paabo is the senior author. Here he is again, supporting my model with others who understand the role of microRNAs. MicroRNA-Driven Developmental Remodeling in the Brain Distinguishes Humans from Other Primates

Does everyone understand why Bill Ludlow blocked me after I commented on his OP from “The Battlefield?” about this:

Scientists Seek to Update Evolution

See also: Tertiary alphabet for the observable protein structural universe
From the journal article: “…the frequency of amino acids in different secondary-structural environments is closely related to thermodynamic propensities (20–24).”
From the news report: “Since protein structural states are really conformational ensembles, the language of statistical mechanics is most appropriate for describing their behavior.”
This is the language they use: “…we find that the emergent sequence variability is often in close agreement to the evolutionary variability…”
Instead of linking sunlight from thermodynamic cycles of energy-dependent protein biosynthesis and degradation to biophysically constrained cell type differentiation and all RNA-mediated biodiversity, they link emergence to evolution.
Welcome again to the world of biologically uninformed theorists. This time, “…we systematically decompose the known protein structural universe into its basic elements, which we dub tertiary structural motifs (TERMs).”
The ability to take everything known to serious scientists and put it back into the context of unintelligible theories via use of terms like tertiary structural motifs far surpasses the ability of serious scientists to make sense of their pseudoscientific nonsense. Thus, the pseudoscientific nonsense will continue to kill us all.
See for comparison: The Pangenome: Are Single Reference Genomes Dead?

…when Tettelin, then at the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), and his colleagues compared eight isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae (or group B Streptococcus, GBS), they found not only the small, within-gene variations predicted by conventional genetics, but an average of 33 completely new genes with every new genome sequenced. “It was a shock,” says Tettelin. “We saw there were many regions—relatively large regions—of diversity.”

All that diversity is energy-dependent and linked from the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to all morphological and behavioral phenotypes in all living genera.

Thanks to Anna Di Cosmo for sharing this example of energy-dependent de novo transcriptome assembly.

Abstract conclusion:

The use of de novo transcriptome assembly and well-designed in silico protocols proved to be a robust approach for surveying and mining large sequence data in a wide range of non-model mollusks. The data presented herein constitute only a small fraction of the information retrieved from the analysed molluscan transcriptomes, which can be promptly employed in the identification of novel genes and gene families, phylogenetic inferences, and other studies using molecular tools. As such, our study provides an important framework for understanding some of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in molluscan body plan diversification and hints towards functions of key developmental genes in molluscan morphogenesis.

No serious scientist I know examines morphogenesis outside the context of feedback loops that link odor and pheromones to the physiology of reproduction in species from microbes to humans via the de novo creation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). How many pseudoscientists do you know who skip past the de novo creation of GPCRs and proceed to link mutations from natural selection to evolution outside the context of everything known to serious scientists about biologically-based cause and effect (i.e., energy-dependent biodiversity)?The lack of discussion and/or support from other creationists for my presentations of accurate information like this may suggest to others that this is a “false flag” group. Note that after I blocked those who I know participate in other “false flag” groups, there has been no discussion of my OPs. If you tried to evaluate the content presented here, would you get the impression that this is a group in which the admins are Creationists? When did you realize the de novo creation of genes for olfactory receptors must precede the de novo creation of photoreceptors to link chemotaxis and phototaxis to energy-dependent cell type differentiation, which is our only protection from the viral apocalypse?

See: Pterosaurs Hijack Royal Society Evo Meeting

Page 11- 12 Re: … evolution of genome invading RNA networks that edit host genomes.

… Witzany is organizing a conference symposium for July 2018 “Evolution-genetic innovations without error replication

He is the author of Life is physics and chemistry and communication.

Abstract:

Manfred Eigen extended Erwin Schroedinger’s concept of “life is physics and chemistry” through the introduction of information theory and cybernetic systems theory into “life is physics and chemistry and information.” Based on this assumption, Eigen developed the concepts of quasispecies and hypercycles, which have been dominant in molecular biology and virology ever since. He insisted that the genetic code is not just used metaphorically: it represents a real natural language. However, the basics of scientific knowledge changed dramatically within the second half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, Eigen ignored the results of the philosophy of science discourse on essential features of natural languages and codes: a natural language or code emerges from populations of living agents that communicate. This contribution will look at some of the highlights of this historical development and the results relevant for biological theories about life.

The claims about quasispecies and hypercyclesthat dominate molecular biology and virology should have long ago long before now have been placed into the context of all reviews of neo-Darwinian pseudoscientific nonsense.

See for example: Major Evolutionary Blunders: Imagining That Life Is Only Chemistry

See also: “I should think we might fairly gauge the future of biological science, centuries ahead by estimating the time it will take to reach a complete comprehensive understanding of odor. It may not seem a profound enough problem to dominate all the life sciences, but it contains, piece by piece, all the mysteries” (p. 732). — Lewis Thomas as cited in The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality

Metabolic Phenotyping Research

December 1, 2016

by James Kohl with One Comment Adaptations Diseases & Disorders Ecology Physics RNA Directed RNA methylation RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA-mediated gene silencing RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Variations

Global Consortium to Conduct Metabolic Phenotyping Research

Consortium members in six countries will use chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other technologies to conduct metabolic phenotyping research that examines the dynamic interactions between genes, environments, microbiomes, diets, and lifestyles, and their collective impact on disease.

My Predictions.
1. They will link energy as information to healthy longevity.
2. They will report their findings as if they discovered new molecular mechanisms.
3. The mechanisms will link the anti-entropic virucidal energy of ultraviolet light to all biophysically constrained RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in all living genera via the innate immune system and supercoiled DNA, which protects all organized genome from virus-driven entropy.
4. They will not link virus-driven energy theft to all pathology.
5. They will claim that the energy emerged and that all biodiversity on Earth evolved.
6. They will continue to be funded by the evolution industry and big bang cosmology industry, which ignore the obvious link from food energy to the physiology of reproduction and ecological adaptation.
SARCASM ALERT
7. They will claim that the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis will have explanatory power when it automagically evolves into a model of top-down causation that links physics and chemistry to the conserved molecular mechanisms of biologically-based cause and effect, which serious scientists have detailed during the past century.
See for comparison:

Diagram with abstract
Full text with references
See also: Dual microRNA Screens Reveal That the Immune-Responsive miR-181 Promotes Henipavirus Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion

… these dual screens further the understanding of the role of host-derived small noncoding RNAs in the infection cycle of henipaviruses, and provide a miRNA-based resource for the study of viruses from the order mononegavirales, including members of both the filovirus and paramyxovirus families, which presents significant threats to human and animal health. This study implicates miR-181 and certain class A Eph receptors as critical modulators of henipavirus membrane fusion, and highlights how the natural innate immune response of the host can be exploited by a RNA virus to promote cell-to-cell spread.

Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems