DNA methylation on N6-adenine in mammalian embryonic stem cells
Excerpt:
DNA methylation is a crucial component of epigenetic regulation that controls many important aspects of mammalian biology, such as imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and tumorigenesis1, 2.
My comment: Nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation links RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to protein folding chemistry during thermodynamic cycles of energy dependent protein biosynthesis and degradation.
Sex of a baby? Ancient virus makes the call
Excerpt:
…in other organisms, such as C elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila, this mechanism plays an entirely opposite role and activates genes, not suppresses them.
“Evolution often uses the same piece but for different purposes and that appears to be the case here,” Xiao said.
My comment: The molecular mechanisms that link nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation from microRNA flanking sequences to hydrogen atom transfer in DNA base pairs and supercoiled DNA that protects all organized genomes from virus-driven entropy are conserved across all living genera. If the molecular mechanisms were not conserved, serious scientists would not know where to look to find what goes wrong when virus-driven energy theft links mutations to all pathology.
Claims that evolution uses anything that sometimes links virus-driven energy theft from mutations to pathology but also links the mechanism to sex differences in cell types or other differences in cell types that must be fixed in organized genomes by the physiology of reproduction should be viewed with suspicion. The claims made above appear to be based on the pseudoscientific nonsense touted by neo-Darwian theorists.
See for comparison: Ricki Lewis’ Time Machine (4)
Re: “VUS arise from the informational nature of a gene.’
See also: Quest, Athena Make Moves in Wrongful Death Lawsuit
Excerpt:
Williams alleges Athena misclassified the detected mutation as a variant of unknown significance (VUS) when two papers — published before Athena issued Christian’s June 2007 test report — had identified the same mutation in another patient who had epileptic encephalopathy.
My comment: This wrongful death lawsuit may exemplify what will happen repeatedly if researchers and clinicians are not forced to become aware of how RNA-mediated cell type differentiation occurs. Anyone who attributes the stability of cell types in different species to mutations and evolution instead of fixation of amino acid substitutions in organized genomes of all genera is more likely to miss a diagnosis that links virus-driven energy theft from mutations to pathology and death.
It might be important to warn psychologists and psychiatrists to test for significant variants like Va158Met, which is linked to behavior via the dopaminergic reward system during life history transitions from adolescence to adults.
See for example: Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults
If an ineffective psychotherapeutic drug was prescribed without testing for variant, or the dosage was ineffective (or worse) in the context of the variant, the results of the patient’s behavior could be blamed on the ignorance of those who were responsible for providing effective treatment.
Personally, I still blame the practice of traditional medicine for my father’s death by suicide. Others might claim that the problem was due to alcoholic depression. That’s because most of them still haven’t linked ethanol odor from its epigenetic effects on luteinizing hormone to alcohol addiction.
They don’t know enough about the classically conditioned response that links food odors and pheromones to gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone-directed changes in luteinizing hormone, testosterone, other hormones, and to hormone-organized and hormone-activated behaviors, which include the suicidal behaviors linked to alcoholic depression.